Number of CD34/CD45+ cells were determined in blood of pediatric recipients and adult living-related liver do- nors. It has been investigated 15 pairs of recipients (aged from 4 to 60 months) and donors (29 ± 5 years). All the children had liver cirrhosis caused by congenital and inherited diseases of hepatobiliary system. Concentration of CD34/CD45+ cells in venous blood of recipients was higher than in donors. In recipients level of CD34/CD45+ cells did not correlate with sex, age, weight and height but did correlate with some biochemical parameters related to liver function. After liver transplantation number of CD34/CD45+ cells did not change in peripheral blood of recipients. In donors partial liver resection did not cause statistically significant changes in number or concentration of CD34/CD45+ cells in blood. Presented data suggests that neither liver transplantation nor liver resection has remarkable influence on number of CD34/CD45 + cells in peripheral blood. 

We performed histological examination of 80 liver allograft biopsies, the diagnosis of acute rejection was proved in 34 cases. Histological changes in liver biopsies in different grades of acute rejection were estimated according to Banff classification 1995, 1997 and were compared with current literature data. The article deals with the question of morphological value of grading acute rejection on early and late, also we analyze changes in treat- ment tactics after morphological verification of liver allograft acute rejection. 

CMV infection is a major problem in kidney transplantation patients. Valcyte, Cimevene are the first line thera- py of CMV infection. This pharmacoeconomic analysis shown economic benefits of Valcyte prophylaxis tactic compare preemptive strategy. 

Antibiotic and fagosensitivity most etiologically important nosocomial strains of bacteria – Pseudomonas aeru- ginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp. were studied. Multiple drug-resistant bacteria as gram-positive and gram-negative, isolated from 8 substrates, had been demonstrated. With regard to the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa >40% was observed in 40–50% of the strains to aminoglycosides – aztreonam, amikacin, netilmicin, and only 23–25% of the strains – to gentamicin and levofloxacin (an average of antibiotic susceptibility was 27%). All strains of ESBL Klebsiella drew up and were sensitive only to imipenem, meropenem and aminoglycosides.

Specific phages lysed 43–48% of the strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Pro- teus spp., multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp.
It is proposed to introduce the use of phages in clinical practice. 

An analysis of the results of surgical treatment of patients with aortic valve diseases and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction less than 35%) for the period from January 2005 to April 2011. The study included 39 patients who performed the aortic valve diseases correction. In order to improve the results of sur- gery was used developed a protocol that included preventive training in the intensive care unit with cardioto- nic drug levosimendan, the use of permanent methods of perioperative renal replacement therapy, using a hybrid approach with a combination of diseases with coronary artery disease. Hospital mortality was 5,1%. Based on these results it was concluded that the developed protocol can significantly improve the results of surgical treat- ment of patients with such severe category. 

There is no optimal approach to cerebral protection during ascending and transverse aortic arch repairs in our days. This study was designed to analyze experience of using retrograde cerebral perfusion as method of brain protection during operations on ascending and transverse aorta with hypothermic circulatory arrest. 

During the screening typing of recruited volunteers with Volga Federal District for unrelated hematopoietic stem cell registry on the loci (HLA)-A, B, DRB1, DRB345 in sample No 1758 identified a new allele at locus A. The use of basic kit AlleleSEQR HLA-A Sequencing in combination with HARP – A2F98A allowed to determine the genotype of this sample – А*30:01:01, a new allele А*25, В*13, 44, DRB1*03, 09, DRB3*02, DRB4*01. 

Under the modeling of chronic fibrousing hepatitis in rats (n = 75) the dynamics of fibrolytic effect of bone mar- row MMSC was examined after one or two-time infusion of these cells at the early stage of liver fibrosis. By dynamic measuring of liver fibrotic area and the expression of activated stellate cell markers (desmin, α-SMA) and markers of cell apoptosis (caspase-3 and caspase-9) within 90 days two phases of the development of bone marrow MMSC fibrolytic effect were found.

It is shown that the development of fibrolytic effect includes the primary phase of intensification of fibrosis, which is followed by the phase of enhanced fibrolytic process in the liver. It was determined that the two-phase dynamics of liver regeneration was more intensive after two-time infusion of bone marrow MMSC. 

It was examined a new method for correction of hepatic failure by transplantation of liver support biounit (liver cells, immobilized on biocompatible and biodegradable 3D-matrixes ElastoPOB®) into small intestine mesentery. It was determined that after modeling of acute hepatic failure on dogs by 65–70% liver resection) and transplantation liver support biounit the restoration of disturbed biochemical indecies (such as total protein, lactate, cytolytic ensymes-ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, fibrinogen, protrombine index and others) took place more rapidly on 9–14th day instead of 18th day in control.

It was made a preposition about efficiency of the suggested method for correction both acute hepatic failure because even 90 days after transplantation of liver support biounit alive hepatocytes and neogenic plethoric vessels, growing through matrix were revealed. 

The aim of the study was to develop biokeratoprosthetic complex based on cross-linking modified allogenic donor corneas and cultured postnatal human skin fibroblasts. Cross-linking enhances corneal strength and tole- rance to proteolytic enzymes. Fibroblasts’ proliferation and migration in the intrastromal pocket stimulates fiber syncytium formation and collagen microcarriers integration into the corneal stroma, as well as intercellular ma- trix formation around the prosthetic metallic plate as early as the cocultivation stage. A new biokeratoprosthetic complex has been successfully developed for further in vivo studies. 

V.I. Shumakov (09.11.1931 – 27.01.2008) 

In contrast to the majority of organs in liver non-specific immunity predominates over adaptive one, and in response to the antigen presentation develops preferably not immune reaction but immunological tolerance. Tolerance is considered to provide some processes, such as apoptosis of reactive T-cells, immune deviation and active suppression of immune reactions. At the same time there are the grounds for believing that an important role in regulation of liver immune response is played by proteasomes, intracellular multiprotease protein complexes. This is confirmed by the fact of application of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib as immune suppressor in transplantology. Immune 26S- and 20S-proteoasomes participate in the formation of antigen oligopeptides and play a key role in T-cell immune response. It has been shown that the pool of proteasomes is subjected to significant changes during ontogenesis of immune competent organs. The changes in the pool of proteasosmes occur likely during the development of specific tolerance in transplantation too. The knowledge of the peculiarities of proteasome functioning and regularities of alterations of their shapes will enable the revealing of the mechanisms responsible for either graft rejection or acceptance. 

The review presents the data on the results of recovery the myocardial function in patients with end-stage chro- nic heart failure and prolonged using of the systems assist device. The most effective treatment of the chronic heart failure was received by the combination of the left ventricular bypass and the medical therapy aimed at normalizing the cellular, structural and functional characteristics of the myocardium («reverse remodeling»). An important step in restoring the myocardium to explantation pump is to create the conditions for the «physiologic hypertrophy» of the heart. The application of this technology will open the way for the treatment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, alternative heart transplantation. 

This review presents recent data on urinary tract infections and urosepsis after allogeneic kidney transplantation. Urosepsis is an extremely serious complication in these patients. Differentiated approach to early etiological, pa- thogenetic diagnosis still remains a priority problem of modern transplantation, as mortality in urosepsis remains high and is at least 60%.