There’s a report of 100 cadaveric liver transplantation performed from December 2004 to June 2011. Indication for liver transplantation, including retransplantation, technical features of surgery, postoperative complications have been described. Patient survival was significantly lower in HCV-positive and HCC recipient than in other indications. Cumulative recipient survival rate at 1, 3, 5 years is 89; 87; 87%. Cumulative graft survival rate at 1, 3, 5 years is 85; 82; 70%. Long term immunosupression and HCV-infection after transplantation are discussed. 

From 668 kidney transplantations performed during the period 2000–2005 68 grafts were recovered from donors after cardiac death and 176 from donors with confirmed brain death. Early results (number of primarily non-functioning grafts, rates of delayed graft function and acute rejections) were similar in both groups. 5-year patient survival was 85% from donors after cardiac death and 88% from donors with confirmed brain death. 5-year graft survival was 77% and 85%, respectively.

Results showed that the use of kidney grafts recovered from donors after cardiac death is valuable additional source of donor organs. 

Biochemical markers of bone formation [osteocalcin (OC), N-terminal propeptid of type 1 procollagen (P1NP), bone isoferment of alkaline phosphatase (BALP)] were estimated in 34 recipients after liver transplantation. Three types of deviation have been demonstrated: combination elevated circulating levels OC and P1NP with normal levels BALP in recipients without clinical postoperative complication; combination lower levels OC and BALP with normal levels P1NP in recipients as a result of corticosteroid therapy prior/ following transplantation; superior levels P1NP with normal levels OC and BALP which results excessive accumulation hepatic collagen formation in recipients with postoperative clinical complication. 

In Russia more than 50% of effective donors are non – heartbeating donors. As we all know, they appear mainly as the source of kidney transplants. The perfusion in situ through DBTL catheter is the most frequent technique usable. The rate of delayed graft function (DGF) following the DBTL perfusion may vary from 48 to 78,4%. ECMO technology use in organ donation may lead to dramatic decrease in DGF and create premises for multiorgan explantation. In the following paper we present the first Moscow experience of ECMO use in our practice of organ donation. 

Russian Scientist Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technology has sufficient experience of orthotopic liver transplantation (100 OLT), which allowed comparing the outcomes of the terminal stages of liver disease in the two most numerous groups of patients: viral cirrhosis (VH) and autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). Despite the fact that patients with VH indicator of urgency performing OLT (MELD) lower, rate of deaths on the waiting list higher than AILD, due to more favorable course of immune disease. After OLT significant differences during the early and last posttransplant periods were not found, although the recurrences of viral hepatitis are recorded much more frequently than AILD. One-year and a three-year survival rates were comparable. To prevent reinfection of the hepatitis B successfully used nucleoside analogues (telbivudine), which allowed minimizing recurrence of the disease. Prevention and treatment of hepatitis C after the OLT is a relevant problem, despite the low efficiency of antiviral therapy. Relapses AILD not represent a real threat to the life of the patients, because the modification of immunosuppressive therapy can limit the progression of the disease. 

The macroscopical evaluation of the liver of 310 donors is presented and the ball estimation of liver quality is develo- ped. In 181 cases the retrospective morphological evaluation was performed (58.6%) undesirable pathology of donor liver – the fatty dystrophy (steatosis) was frequent. It is proved that most trustworthy information about the condition of donor liver is its complex evaluation including visual survey and biopsy with staining on fat that. It coned promote increase in a donor pool at 10%. 

The research of total and free insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in 53 children with with congenital and hereditary diseases of hepatobiliary system was performed before liver transplantation, a month and a year after liver transplantation. Data of our research work revealed reliable decrease of total and free IGF-1 serum concentrations in children with liver cirrhosis and controversy increase of PAPP-A, which regulates IGF-1 bioavailability. In a month after orthotopic liver transplantation the level of both fractions of IGF-1 restored. A year later concentrations of total and free IGF-1, and PAPP-A remained at normal rates. Increase of total and free IGF-1 after liver transplantation may contribute to restoration of endocrine regulation of growth, reparative and anabolic processes, and normal physical development of children. 

Since April 2010 to December 2011 were performed 35 orthotopic transplantations of cadaveric whole liver. The indication for surgery was liver cirrhosis of different etiologies: 6 – autoimmune, 5 – primary biliary cirrhosis, 2 – toxic, 4 – unspecified, 18 – virus, two of which with the outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Caval anastomosis formed mainly «end-to-side». In five cases, to increase the arterial perfusion of the graft, we ligated the splenic artery. Surgical complications in the early postoperative period were seen in 4 patients (11.4%). In the late period we observed stricture of bile duct in 4 patients (11.4%). In their treatment we used various combinations of minimally invasive and open surgical procedures. 2 patients died (5.7%) – one of them on the sixth day because of intrahepatic portal vein thrombosis, another one in 6 months with a recurrence of autoimmune cirrhosis and humoral graft rejection. 

Comparative analysis of anticoagulant nature on medical materials testing was done. It was found that change of citrate by heparin is accompanied by significant changes in platelet adhesion and activation. This results allowed us to arrive at a conclusion about reasonability of heparin usage as anticoagulant in in vitro testing. 

Adhesion and proliferation of NIH/3Т3 mouse fibroblasts on the surfaces of bacterial copolymer poly(3-hydroxy- butyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) films with different roughness was investigated. Atomic force microscopic analysis showed that surface roughness values of all films were significantly greater (92.0 ± 7.0; 290.8 ± 7.0; 588.8 ± 16.0 nm) than that of the cultural plastic control (9.5 ±0.6 nm). It was revealed that adhesion and metabolic activity of the cells decreases with the increase of surface roughness values. NIH/3Т3 mouse fibroblasts attached weakly to the surface of copolymer films and washed away the substrate during rinsing and staining. 

There was studied of protective effects of homologous cellular peptides on corneal graft endothelium cells during the corneal organ culture (24 days) and corneal cold storage (9 days). The dynamic of endothelial cells (EC) ultrastuktural changes during the storage, decrease of endothelial cells density, percentage of hexagonal-shape cells, average area and electronic microscopy were analised. Tissue-specific regulatory corneal peptides exhibited clear protective effect on ultra structure of grafts’ endothelial cells during the preservation, increase density cell-cell contact, prolong term of organ culture (till 16 days) and cold storage (till 9 days). 

Bioimpedance analysis has been widely used to estimate a hydration state, lean and fat mass in haemodialysis patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the validity and usefulness of bioimpedance analysis in routine dialysis practice. Last two years we used the body composition monitoring (BCM, Fresenius Medical Care), method based on whole body multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), compared with traditional clinical data. For BIS data verification, hydration status of 32 stable HD patients with dialysis vintage more than 3 years and clinically well established dry weight were studied. Only in three cases BIS data seems underestimated in serial measurements. Next step, 28 healthy subjects and 116 dialysis patients were studied. Total body water and extracellular volume (ECV) were significantly higher in dialysis group (P<0.01), and there was not any difference in intracellular volume (ICV). Mean AP was similar in patients with moderate (<15%) and massive (>15%) relative overhydration (RO = overhydration / ECV), at the same time, average number of antihypertensive medications was significantly higher in more overhydrated patients (3.1 vs 1.2). In clinical practice RO is more convenient indicator as compared to standard overhydration volume /dry weight ratio. Mutual application of the BIS and blood volume monitoring allows more rapid and safe dry weight achievement. BIS was useful tool for hydration status monitoring in routine haemodialysis practice, and further work need to be done to clarify BIS validity for nutritional status estimation. 

The most important factor in the successful liver left lateral segment transplantation is the graft adequate afferent and efferent blood flow restoration. Modern experience of similar surgical operations includes different variants of hepatico-caval and portal venous and arterial reconstructions. Wide spectrum of surgical versions of the vascular ana- stomoses is presented in the resent revue. 

We present a scientific literature data analysis of morphological features and severity criteria of the liver allograft acute rejection during last 20 years. Modern conception was given about the role of immunological mechanisms in the de- velopment of liver graft acute rejection. We describe roles of different cell types in the destructive immune response during liver allograft acute rejection. Advantages and disadvantages of Banff-classifications 1995, 1997 are discussed as well as the necessity of grading the acute rejection as early and late. We propose clinico-morphological correlations in liver allograft acute rejection. 

The review of the modern data about bacteriophages and to their application to surgery is presented. Interest to bacteriophages is closely connected with an urgency of a problem of postoperative infectious complications and to resistance increase nosocomial species microbes to antibiotics. Successful demonstrative application of bacteriophages on experimental models for a reduction of is conditional-pathogenic microbes in biofilms, for treatment septicemia at the animals, caused resistance species P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus and other microbes is described. Positive results on application of bacteriophages in surgery are received at treatment of the infected wounds, peritonitis, infectious complications after liver and kidney transplantation. New mechanisms of action of bacteriophages, including their influence on transplantology immunity are resulted. Use of phages as alternatives of treatment and preventive maintenance of a superinfection at imunocomprometive patients is perspective. 

The 11th Banff Conference of solid organs allografts pathology was held in a suburb of Paris from June 6 to 10. Papers were presented by created at the previous conference working groups on the following areas: isolated v-lesion, fibrosis scoring, glomerular lesions, molecular pathology, polyomavirus nephropathy and quality assurance of immunohis-tochemical procedures. The main topics of discussion were antibody-mediated rejection, management of sensitized patients, the approach to the diagnosis of transplant rejection by the methods of genomics and proteomics, and the role of protocol biopsies. There were suggestions to reconsider how to assess polyomavirus nephropathy, glomerulitis, transplant glomerulopathy. Term «epithelial-mesenchymal transition» was considered inappropriate and need to be replaced.