РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ ДОНОРСКИХ ОРГАНОВ. НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ В КОНСЕРВАЦИИ ИЛИ НОВАЯ ПАРАДИГМА ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ?
Аннотация
В статье анализируются причины дефицита донорских органов, определяются перспективы расширения донорского пула за счет расширения критериев приемлемости. Подробно освящается роль ишемии-ре- перфузии в трансплантации органов, описываются принятые стратегии редукции последствий ишеми- чески-реперфузионной травмы донорских органов, приводятся обширные литературные данные о роли перфузионных методов консервации в современной трансплантации органов. В статье обосновывается необходимость влияния на качество донорского органа до осуществления трансплантации, дается ряд те- оретических положений изменения практики консервации органов для обеспечения доступности транс- плантации населению.
Об авторах
С. Ф. БагненкоРоссия
Я. Г. Мойсюк
Россия
А. Е. Скворцов
Россия
О. Н. Резник
Россия
Список литературы
1. Абрамов В.Ю. Иммунология в клинической транс- плантации органов // Трансплантология. Руководс- тво для врачей / Под ред. В.И. Шумакова. М., 2006.
2. Bagnenko S.F., Moysyuk Y.G., Reznik O.N., Loginov I.V. et al. Machine perfusion as a tool to select kidneys re- covered from uncontrolled donors after cardiac death // Transplant. Proc. 2008 Vol. 40. No 4. P. 1023–1026.
3. Биленко М.В. Ишемические и реперфузионные пов- реждения органов. М.: Медицина. 1989. С. 386.
4. Гринев К.М. Практика заготовки донорских органов по критериям смерти мозга. Преимущества без не- достатков / К.М. Гринев // Мат. конф. «Клиническая трансплантация органов (актуальные вопросы)». Москва, 14–15 апреля 2005 г. Тверь: Триада. С. 47– 49.
5. Жеребцов Ф.К., Гринев К.М. Перспективы деятель- ности донорской службы в Ленинградской области (по материалам 1996–2000 гг.) // Вестник трансплан- тологии и искусственных органов. 2002. No1. С. 3–7.
6. Иванов К.П., Мельникова Н.Н. Роль лейкоцитов в ди- намике микроциркуляции в норме и при патологии // Журнал общей биологии. 2004. Т. 62. No 3. С. 3–13.
7. Мойсюк Я.Г., Милосердов И.А. Опыт применения Сертикана – нового ингибитора сигнала пролифе- рации при трансплантации органов // Нефрология и диализ. 2006. Т. 8. No 4. С. 336–343.
8. Нестеренко И.В. Аллотрансплантация трупных по- чек, полученных от маргинальных доноров: Авто- реф. дис. ... д-ра мед. наук. М., 2008. 44 с.
9. Онищенко Н.А., Шумаков В.И., Штенгольц Е.Ш. Консервация органов и тканей// Под ред. акад. Б.В. Петровского. М.: Медицина, 1975. С. 252.
10. Онищенко Н.А. Консервация органов и тканей // Трансплантология: Руководство / Под ред. В.И. Шу- макова. М.: Медицина, 1995. С. 75–91.
11. Суслов Д.Н. Прогнозирование и профилактика недо- статочной функции почечного аллотрансплантата от асистолического донора в раннем послеоперацион- ном периоде: Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. СПб., 1999. С. 23.
12. Тарабарко Н.В. Обеспечение донорскими органами клинической трансплантации: Автореф. дис. ... д-ра мед. наук. М., 1997. С. 34.
13. Шаршаткин А.В. Применение блокатора кальцие- вых каналов исрадипина для профилактики репер- фузионных повреждений почечного трансплантата: Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. М., 1998. С. 22.
14. Трансплантология: Руководство / Под редакцией В.И. Шумакова. М.: Медицина – Тула: РЕППРОНИКС Лтд, 1995. С. 391.
15. Adams D.H., Nash G.B. Disturbance of leucocyte cir- culation and adhesion to the endothelium as factors in circulatory pathology // Br. J. Anaesth. 1996. Vol. 77. P. 17–31.
16. Allen B., Ilbawi M. Hypoxia, reoxygenation and the role of systemic leukodepletion in pediatric heart surgery // Perfusion. 2001. Vol. 16. P. 19–29.
17. Álvarez-Vijande R., Luque Gálvez P. Study of cell en- ergy charge in experimental kidney transplant with diffe- rent warm ischemia periods (0, 30, 45 and 90’) // Actas. Urol. Esp. 2008. Vol. 32. No 1. P. 41–58.
18. Ashby B.S., Belzer F.O., Downes G.L. Early assessment of renal viability during isolated perfusion // Br. J. Surg. 1969. Vol. 56. No 5. Р. 381–382.
19. Belzer F.O., Ashbi B.S., Dunphy J.E. 24-hour and 72-hour preservation of canine kidneys // Lancet. 1967. Vol. 2 (7515). Р. 536–539.
20. Belzer F.O., Kountz S.L. Preservation and transplanta- tion of human cadaver kidneys: a two-year experience // Ann. Surg. 1970. Vol. 172. No 3. Р. 394–404.
21. Belzer F.O., May R., Berry M.N., Phil D., Lee J.C. Short term preservation of porcine livers // J. Surg. Research. 1970. Vol. 10. No 2. P. 55–61.
22. Boros P., Bromberg J.S. New Cellular and Molecular Immune Pathways in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury// Am. J. of Transplantation. 2006. Vol. 6. P. 652–658.
23. Brasile L., Stubenitsky B.M., Haisch C.E., Kon M., Kootstra G. Repair of damaged organs in vitro // Am. J. Transplant. 2005. Vol. 5. P. 300–306.
24. Brasile L., Stubenitskya B.M., Boostera M.H., Koot- straa G. et. al. Hypothermia – a Limiting Factor in Us- ing Warm Ischemically Damaged Kidneys // Am. J. of Transplantation. 2001. Vol. 1. P. 316–320.
25. Brettschneider L., Bell P.R.F., Taylor P.D., Starzl T.E. Conservation of the liver // Transpl. Proc. 1969. Vol. 1. No 1. P. 132–137.
26. Brolese A., Bassanello M., Cillo U. Extreme marginal donor: severe hypothermia as a rare preservation condi- tion for explantable organs – a case report // Transplant. Proc. 2003. Vol. 35. No 4. P. 1282–1284.
27. Buia A.H., Kupiec-Weglinskia J. W. et. al. Recent deve- lopments in ischemic reperfusion injury in liver trans- plantation // Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 2006. Vol. 11. P. 271–276.
28. Bumgardner G.L., Henry M.L. et al. Pulsatile perfusion: a preservation strategy to optimize the use and function of transplanted kidneys // Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 2007. Vol. 12. P. 345–350.
29. Caldwell Ch.C., Tschoep J. еt al. Lymphocyte function during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury // J. of Leu- kocyte Biology. 2007. Vol. 82. P. 457–464.
30. Carrel A., Lindbergh C.A. The culture of whole organs // Science. 1935. Vol. 81. P. 621–623.
31. Chang G.J. et al. Expanding the donor pool: can the Spanish model work in the United States? // Am. J. of Transplant. 2003. Vol. 3. No 10. P. 1259–1263.
32. Cobert M.L., West L.M., Jessen M.E. Machine perfusion for cardiac allograft preservation // Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 2008. Vol. 13. P. 526–530.
33. Collins T. Adhesion molecules in leukocyte emigration // Science and Medicine. 1995. Vol. 6, No 2. P. 28–37.
34. Cypel M., Rubachal S. Adenoviral Mediated IL 10 (AD- HIL-10) Gene Therapy in Normothermic еx vivo Lung perfusion // J. of Heart and Lung Trans. 2007. (Feb) Ab- stracts. P. 212.
35. Cypel M., Rubachal S. Ex vivo Repair and Regeneration of damaged human donor lungs // J. Heart Lung Trans. 2008. Vol. 27. No 2. P. 180.
36. Cypel M., Yeung J.C. Technique for Prolonged Normo- thermic ex vivo Lung Evalution of nonacceptable donor lungs // Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2006. Vol. 81. P. 460–466.
37. D’Alessandro A.M., Hoffmann R.M., Knechtle S.J., Eck- hoff D.E. et al. Successful extrarenal transplantation from non-heart-beating donors // Transplantation. 1995. Vol. 59. No 7. P. 977–982.
38. de Vries A.J. et al. Leucocyte depletion during cardiac surgery: a comparison of different filtration strategies // Perfusion. 2003. Vol. 18. P. 31.
39. Delmonico F.L., Harmon W.E. Use of expanded criteria donors in solid organ transplantation // Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 2000. Vol. 5. No 3. P. 227–231.
40. Demetris A.J., Fontes P., Lunz J.G. et al. Wound healing in the biliary tree of liver allografts // Cell Transplant. 2006. Vol. 15. No 1. P. 57–65.
41. Dutkowski P., de Rougemont O., Clavien P.A. Machine Perfusion for «Marginal» Liver Grafts // Am. J. of Transplantation. 2008. Vol. 8. P. 917–924.
42. Friend P.J., Moustafellos P. et al. The influence of pul- satile preservation in kidney transplantation from non- heart-beating donors // Transplantation Proceedings. 2007. Vol. 39. P. 1323–1325.
43. Gage F.A., Vodovotz Y. Normalization of nitric oxide flux improves physiological parameters of porcine kid- neys maintained on pulsatile perfusion // Nitric Oxide. 2003. Vol. 9. No 3. P. 141–147.
44. Garcia C.E., Bramhall S., Mirza D.F. Use of marginal donors // Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 2000. Vol. 5. P. 50–56.
45. Granger D.N., Kubes P. The microcirculation and in- flammation: modulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion // J. of Leukocyte Biology. 1994. Vol. 55. P. 662–675.
46. Gravel M.T., Arenas J.D., Chenault R. et al. Kidney transplantation from organ donors following cardiopul- monary death using extracorporeal membrane oxygena- tion support // Annals of transplantation. 2004. Vol. 9. No 1. P. 57–58.
47. Greenstein S.M. et al. Selective use of expanded crite- ria donors for renal transplantation with good results // Transplant. Proc. 2006. Vol. 38. No 10. P. 3390–3392.
48. Guarrera J.V., Arrington B. et al. Hypothermic machine perfusion of liver grafts for transplantation: technical development in human discard and miniature swine models // Transplant. Proc. 2005. Vol. 37. No 1. P. 323– 325.
49. Guarrera J.V., Karim N.A. Liver preservation: is there anything new yet? // Current Opinion in Organ Trans- plantation. 2008. Vol. 13. P. 148–154.
50. Harper S., Nicholson M. et al. Leucocyte depletion im- proves renal function during reperfusion using an ex- perimental isolated haemoperfused organ preservation system // British J. of Surgery. 2006. Vol. 93. P. 623– 629.
51. Huang Y., Rabb H., Karl L. Womer ischemia-reperfu- sion and immediate T cell responses // Cell Immunol. 2007. Vol. 248. No 1. P. 4–11.
52. Jaeschke H., Wayne Smith C. Mechanisms of neutro- phil-induced parenchymal cell injury // J. of Leukocyte Biology. 1997. Vol. 61. P. 647–653.
53. Jaeschke H. Mechanisms of neutrophil-induced liver cell injury during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and oth- er acute inflammatory conditions // Am. J. Physiol. Gas- trointest. Liver Physiol. 2006. Vol. 290. P. 1083–1088.
54. Jamieson R.W., Friend P.J. Organ reperfusion and preservation // Frontiers in Bioscience. 2008. Vol. 13. P. 221–235.
55. Jamieson R.W., Friend P.J. Normothermic organ preser- vation // Transplantation Reviews. 2006. Vol. 20. P. 172– 178.
56. Jassem W., Roake J. The molecular and cellular basis of reperfusion injury following organ transplantation // Transplantation rewiews. 1998. Vol. 12. No. 1. P. 14–33.
57. JordanJ.E.,Zhi-QingZhao,Vinten-JohansenJ.Therole of neutrophils in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury // Cardiovascular Research. 1999. Vol. 43. P. 860–878.
58. Knight A.J., Nicholson M.L. Methods of renal preser- vation // Transplantation Reviews. 2001. Vol. 15. No 2. P. 68–81.
59. Konstantinov I.E., Alexi-Meskishvili V.V. Sergei S. Brukhonenko: the development of the first heart-lung machine for total body perfusion // Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2000. Vol. 69. P. 962–966.
60. Koo D.D.H., Fuggle S.V. The role of mitochondria in ischemia/reperfusion injury // Transplantation. 2002. Vol. 27, 73. No 4. P. 493–499.
61. Koo D.H., Fuggle S.V. Impact of ischemia/reperfusion injury and early inflammatory responses in kidney trans- plantation // Transplantation Rewiews. 2000. Vol. 14. No. 2. P. 210–224.
62. Kootstra G. Asystolic or non-heartbeating donor// Transplantation. 1997. Vol. 63. No 7. P. 917–921.
63. Laskowski I.A. et al. Accelerated graft dysfunction in renal isografts from non-heart-beating donors // Trans- plantation Proceedings. 2001. Vol. 33. P. 909–910.
64. Laskowski I.A. et al. Early and late injury to renal trans- plants from non-heart-beating donors // Transplantation. 2002. Vol. 79. No 9. P. 1468–1474.
65. Lauschke H., Kötting M., Minor T. et al. Use of tau- rine as antioxidant in resuscitating livers from NHBD by gaseous oxygen persufflation // J. Invest. Surg. 2003. Vol. 16. No 1. P. 7–11.
66. Lee C.M. et al. A review of the kidney that nobody want- ed // Transplantation. 1998. Vol. 65. No 2. P. 213–219.
67. Lee Chin-Yuan et al. Expanding the donor pool: us e of renal transplants from non-heart-beating donors sup- ported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation // Clin. Transplant. 2005. Vol. 19. P. 383–390.
68. Lindbergh C.A. An apparatus for the culture of whole organs // J. Exptl. Med. 1935. Vol. 62. P. 409–431.
69. Linden P.K. History of solid organ transplantation and
70. organ donation // Crit. Care Clin. 2009. Vol. 25. No 1.
71. P. 165–184.
72. Linfert D., Chowdhry T., Rabb H. et al. Lympho-
73. cytes and ischemia-reperfusion injury // Transplant. Rev. 2009. Vol. 23. No 1. P. 1–10.
74. Maathuis M.H.J., Leuvenink H.G.D., Ploeg R.J. et al. Introductin perspectives in organ preservation // Trans- plantation. 2007. Vol. 83. P. 1289–1298.
75. Maathuis M.H.J., Manekeller S., van der Plaats A. et al. Improved kidney graft function after preservation us- ing a novel hypothermic device: the groningen machine perfusion system // Annals of Surgery. 2007. Vol. 246. P. 982–991.
76. Magliocca J.F. et al. Extracorporeal support for organ donation after cardiac death effectively expands the do- nor pool // J. Trauma. 2005. Vol. 58. P. 1095–1102.
77. Mandelbaum I., Berry J., Silbert M. et al. Regional blood flow during pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion // Arch. Surg. 1965. Vol. 91. No 5. P. 771–774.
78. Matsuno N., Sakurai E., Tamaki I. et al. Effectiveness of machine perfusion preservation as a viability deter- mination method for kidneys procured from non-heart- beating donors // Transplant. Proc. 1994. Vol. 26. No 4. P. 2421–2422.
79. Maximilian M.R., Polyak M.Ph., Ben OMar Ar- rington B.S. et al. Prostaglandin E1 influences pulsatile preservation characteristics and early graft function in expanded criteria donor kidneys // J. Surg. Res. 1999. Vol. 85. No 1. P. 17–25.
80. McLaren J.A., Friend P.J. Trends in organ preserva- tion // Transplant. Int. 2003. Vol. 16. P. 701–708.
81. Menger M.D. et al. Microcirculatory disturbances se- condary to ischemia-reperfusion//Transplant. Proc. 1995. Vol. 27. No 5. P. 2863–2865.
82. Metcalfe M.S., Nicholson M.L. et al. A paired study comparing the efficacy of renal preservation by nor- mothermic autologous blood perfusion and hypother- mic pulsatile perfusion // Transplantation Proceedings. 2002. Vol. 34. P. 1473–1474.
83. Minor T., Sitzia M., Dombrowski F. Kidney transplan- tation from non-heart-beating donors after oxygenated low-flow machine perfusion preservation with histidine- tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution // Transpl. Int. – 2005. Vol. 17. No 11. P. 707–712.
84. Moers C. et al. Machine perfusion or cold storage in de- ceased-donor kidney transplantation // N. Engl. J. Med. 2009. Vol. 360. P. 7–19.
85. Moers C., Leuvenink H.G.D., Ploeg R.J. et al. Non- heart-beating organ donation: overview and future per- spectives // European Society for Organ Transplant. 2007. Vol. 20. P. 567–575.
86. Mone T.D. The business of organ procurement // Curr. Opinion in Organ Transplant. 2002. Vol. 7. P. 60–64.
87. Morgan S. et al. Outcomes after transplantation of de- ceased-donor kidneys with rising serum creatinine // Am. J. of Transplantation. 2007. Vol. 7. P. 1288–1292.
88. Nicholson M.L., Simon J.F., Harper L.W. et al. The Ef- fect of Warm Ischemic Time on Renal Functionand In- jury in the Isolated Hemoperfused Kidney // Transplan- tation. 2008. Vol. 86. No 3. P. 445–451.
89. Okkels H. The Effects of perfusion on the thyroid epi- thelium: the culture of whole organs // J. of experimen- tal medicine. 1937. Vol. 66. P. 297–304.
90. Pienaar B.H., Lindell S.L., van Gulik T., Southard J.H., Belzer F.O. Seventy-two-hour preservation of the canine liver by machine perfusion//Transplantation. 1990. Vol. 49. No 2. P. 258–260.
91. Pierre A.F. et al. Marginal donor lungs: a reassess- ment // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2002. Vol. 123. No 3. P. 421–428.
92. Randawa P. Role of donor kidney biopsies in renal transplantation // Transplantation. 2001. Vol. 71. No 10. P. 1361–1365.
93. Rega F.R. et al. Long-term Preservation with interim eva- lution of lungs from a NHBD after ischemic interval of 90 min // Ann. of Surgery. 2003. Vol. 238. Р. 782–793.
94. Rega F.R., Neyrinnck A.P. How long can we preserve the pulmonary graft inside the NHBD? // Presented at the thirty-ninth annual meeting of the Society of sur- geons (San Diego. CA). Jan 31–Feb 2, 2003.
95. Rega F.R., Vandezande E.J. The role of leukocyte dep- letion in ex vivo evalution of pulmonary grafts from (non-) HBD // Perfusion. 2003. Vol. 18. No 1. P. 13–21.
96. Rodrίguez-Martίnez D., Cabello-Benavente R., Pede- monte G. et al. Technical aspects of isolated organ per- fusion systems // Actas. Urol. Esp. 2008. Vol. 32. No 1. P. 59–66.
97. Rosenberger H. An electromagnetic pump // Science. 1930. Vol. 71(1844). P. 463–464.
98. Rowiński W. Future of transplantation medicine // Ann. Transplant. 2007. Vol. 12. No 1. P. 5–10.
99. Rozenthal R. Organ Donation: Quo vadis? / R. Rozen- thal // Annals of Transplantation. 2006. Vol. 11. No 3. P. 49–51.
100. Saad S., Minor T. Short-Term Resuscitation of Preda- maged Donor Livers by Brief Machine Perfusion: The Influence of Temperature // Transplantation Procee- dings. 2008. Vol. 40. P. 3321–3326.
101. Samaniego M. Alloantibodies // Transplant Immuno- logy for the Clinicians // Pre-meeting Symposia, Am. Transplant Congress. 2007. P. 24–33.
102. Samankatiwat P., Samartzis I., Lertsithichai P. et al. Leucocyte depletion in cardiopulmonary bypass: a com- parison of four strategies // Perfusion. 2003. Vol. 18. P. 95–105.
103. Sanchez-Fructuoso A.I., Prats D. еt al. Non-heart beat- ing donors: experience from the Hospital Clinico of Madrid // J. Nephrol. 2003. Vol. 16. No 3. P. 387–392.
104. Sanchez-Fructuoso A.I., Prats D., Marques M. et al. Does donor brain death influence acute vascular rejec- tion in the kidney transplant? // Transplantation. 2004. Vol. 78. No 1. P. 142–146.
105. Schön M.R., Kollmar O., Wolf S. et al. Liver Transplan- tation After Organ Preservation With Normothermic Extracorporeal Perfusion//Annals оf Surgery. 2001. Vol. 233. No 1. P. 114–123.
106. Schreinemachers M.J. M. et al. Machine perfusion pre- servation of the liver: a worthwhile clinical activity? // Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 2007. Vol. 12. P. 224–230.
107. Shoskes D. Warming to non-heart-beating Donors? // Am. J. of Transplantation. 2001. Vol. 1. P. 305–306.
108. Slapak M., Wigmore R.A., MacLean L.D. Twenty-four hour liver preservation by the use of continuous pulsa- tile perfusion and hyperbaric oxygen // Transplantation. 1967. Vol. 5. No 4. P. 1154–1158.
109. Steen S. et al. Transplantation of lungs from a non-heart- beating donor // Lancet. 2001. Vol. 357. P. 825–829.
110. Steen S. et al. Transplantation of lungs from non-heart- beating donors after functional assessment ex vivo // Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2003. Vol. 76. P. 244–252.
111. Steen S., Ingemansson R. et al. First Human Transplan- tation of nonacceptable donor lung after reconditioning ex vivo // The annals of thoracic surgery. 2007. Vol. 83. No 6. P. 2191–2195.
112. Steen S., Wierup P., Haraldsson A. et al. Ex vivo evalua- tion of nonacceptable donor lungs // Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2006. Vol. 81. No 2. P. 460–466.
113. Stratta R.J., Rohr M.S., Sundberg A.K. et al. Incre- ased kidney transplantation utilizing expanded crite- ria deceased organ donors with results comparable to standard criteria donor transplant // Ann Surg. 2004. Vol. 239. No 5. P. 688–697.
114. Stubenitsky B.M., Booster M.H., Nidersting A.P. Kidney preservation in the next millenium // Transpl. Int. 1999. Vol. 12. P. 83–91.
115. Tilney N.L., Paz D., Ames J. et al. Ischemia-reperfusion injury // Transplant. Proc. 2001. Vol. 33. P. 843–844.
116. Tolboom H., Milwid J. M., Izamis M. L. et al. Sequential cold storage and normothermic perfusion of the ische- mic rat liver // Transplant. Proc. 2008. Vol. 40. No 5. P. 1306–1309.
117. Toledo-Periera L.N. Global organ sharing: dreams and realities // Trans. proc. 1991. Vol. 23. No 5. P. 2697. 115. Vairetti M., Ferrigno A., Carlucci F. et al. Subnormo-
118. thermic machine perfusion protects steatotic livers against preservation injury: a potential for donor pool increase? // Liver Transpl. 2009. Vol. 15. No 1. P. 20– 29.
119. Van der Hoeven J.A.B., Ploeg R.J. Effects of brain death on donor organ viability // Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 2001. Vol. 6. P. 75–82.
120. Van der Plaats A., Hart N.A., Verkerke G.J. et al. Hy- pothermic machine preservation in liver transplantation revisited: concepts and criteria in the new millennium // Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2004. Vol.32. P. 623–631.
121. Van der Vliet J.A., Rievit J.K., Hene R.J. et al. Pre- servation of non-heat-beating donor kidneys: a clinical prospective randomized case-control study of machine perfusion versus cold storage // Transplant. Proc. 2001. Vol. 33. P. 847.
122. Walter G. Land The Role of Postischemic Reperfusion Injury and Other Nonantigen-Dependent Inflammatory Pathways in transplantation // Transplantation. 2005. Vol. 79. No 5. P. 505–514.
123. Wen-Je Ko, Yih-Sharng Chen, Pi-Ru Tsai, Po-Huang Lee. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support of donor abdominal organs in non-heart-beating donors // Clin. Transplantation. 2000. Vol. 14. P. 152–156.
124. Wesley A.J. Pulsatile perfusion versus static storage for kidney preservation // Current Opinion in Organ Trans- plantation. 2000. Vol. 5. No 3. P. 237–241.
125. Wolfe R.A. et al. Developing organ offer and acceptance measures: when ‘good’ organs are turned down // Amer. J. of Transplant. 2007. Vol. 7. No 2. P. 1404–1411.
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Багненко С.Ф., Мойсюк Я.Г., Скворцов А.Е., Резник О.Н. РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ ДОНОРСКИХ ОРГАНОВ. НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ В КОНСЕРВАЦИИ ИЛИ НОВАЯ ПАРАДИГМА ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ? Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2009;11(3):17-29. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2009-3-17-29
For citation:
Bagnenko S.F., Moysyuk Y.G., Skvortsov A.E., Reznik O.N. REHABILITATION OF ORGAN FROM DECEASED DONORS. NEW PRESERVATION TREND OR NEW PARADIGM IN TRANSPLANTOLOGY? Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2009;11(3):17-29. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2009-3-17-29