Ethical issues of organ donation after cardiac death
https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2018-3-116-125
Abstract
There is renewal of interests to the organs that could be obtained from asystolic donors. Our goal was to identify ethical issues raised by attempts of classification and terms such kind of organ donors depended on time and place of cardiac arrest. Based only on the reasoning of medical experts group these principles going to be routine State policy. That followed by erased roles of physicians and misleading the meaning or organ transplant program. From our point of view there should be clear opposite position between death and life in order to initiate organ procurement activity. That is possible only in case of artificial blood supply for preserving transplant-to-be-organs after relevant time between cardiac arrest and start of such kind of perfusion procedure.
About the Authors
O. N. Reznik
Saint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Address: 3, Budapeshtskaja str., Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation. Теl. (921) 935-51-91
A. E. Skvortcov
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
O. V. Popova
Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Брюхоненко СС. Искусственное кровообращение целого организма (собаки) с выключенным сердцем. Труды Научного химико-фармацевтического института. 1928; 20: 44–72. Bryukhonenko SS. Iskusstvennoye krovoobrashcheniye tselogo organizma (sobaki) s vyklyuchennym serdtsem. Trudy Nauchnogo khimikofarmatsevticheskogo instituta. 1928; 20: 44–72.
2. Wijdicks EFM. Brain death worldwide: Accepted fact but no global consensus in diagnostic criteria. Neurology. 2002; 58 (1): 20–25.
3. Shemie SD, Baker A. Uniformity in brain death criteria. Seminars in neurology. 2015; 35 (2): 162–168.
4. Kootstra G, Daemen JH, Oomen AP. Categories of nonheart-beating donors. Transplantation Proceedings. 1995; 27 (5): 2893–2894.
5. Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation: Practice and Protocols. Committee on NHB transplantation II: The Scientific and Ethical Basis for Practice and Protocols / Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2000.
6. Sohrabi S, Navarro AP, Wilson C, Talbot D. Renal graft function after prolonged agonal time in non-heart-beating donors. Transplantation proceedings. 2006; 38 (10): 3400– 3401.
7. Резник ОН. Беседа Wojciech Rowiński с руководством OPO «Gift of Life» (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 12.11.2007, неопубл. (Личный архив автора). Reznik ON. Beseda Wojciech Rowiński s rukovodstvom OPO «Gift of Life» (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 12.11.2007, neopubl. (Lichnyy arkhiv avtora).
8. Резник ОН. Беседа с N.M. Howard, президентом OPO «Gift of Life» (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 12.11.2007, неопубл. (Личный архив автора). Reznik O.N. Beseda s N.M. Howard, prezident OPO «Gift of Life» (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 12.11.2007, neopubl. (Lichnyy arkhiv avtora).
9. Robertson JA. The dead donor rule. The Hastings Center Report. 1999; 29 (6): 6–14.
10. McGregor J, Verheijde JL, Rady MY. Recovery of transplantable organs after cardiac or circulatory death: Transforming the paradigm for the ethics of organ donation. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine. 2007; 2 (8). DOI 10.1186/1747-5341-2-8.
11. Lewis J, Peltier J, Nelson H, Snyder W, Schneider K, Steinberger D et al. Development of the University of Wisconsin donation after cardiac death evaluation tool. Progress in Transplantation. 2003; 13 (4): 265–273.
12. Turgeon AF, Lauzier F, Simard JF, Scales DC, Burns KE, Moore L et al. Mortality associated with withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy for patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a Canadian multicentre cohort study. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2011; 183 (14): 1581–1588.
13. Morrissey PE. The case for kidney donation before endof-life care. The American Journal of Bioethics. 2012; 12 (6): 1–8.
14. Organ Donation: Opportunities for Action / J.F. Childress, C.T. Liverman (Eds). Washington (DC): The National Academies Press, 2006.
15. Third WHO global consultation on organ donation and transplantation: striving to achieve self-sufficiency. Transplantation. 2011; 91 (Suppl. 11): 27.
16. Thuong M, Ruiz A, Evrard P, Kuiper M, Boffa C, Akhtar MZ et al. New classification of donation after circulatory death donors definitions and terminology. Transplant International. 2016; 29 (7): 749–759.
17. Detry O, Le Dinh H, Noterdaeme T, De Roover A, Honoré P, Squifflet JP, Meurisse M et al. Categories of donation after cardiocirculatory death. Transplantation Proceedings. 2012; 44 (5): 1189–1195.
18. van Ittersum FJ, Hendriks L. Organ Donation after Euthanasia. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly. 2012; 12 (3): 38–46.
19. Wilkinson D, Savulescu J. Should we allow organ donation euthanasia? Alternatives for maximizing the number and quality of organs for transplantation. Bioethics. 2012; 26 (1): 32–48.
20. Glannon JW. The moral insignificance of death in organ donation. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 2013; 22 (2): 192–202.
21. Transplant Coordination Manual. Transplant Procurement Management. Barselona: TPM-DTI Foundation. 2015.
22. Sung RS, Punch JD. Uncontrolled DCDs: The Next Step? American Journal of Transplantation. 2006; 6 (7): 1505–1506.
23. Cardarelli MG, Young AJ, Griffith B. Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adults in cardiac arrest (E-CPR): A meta-analysis of observational studies. ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs). 2009; 55 (6): 581–586.
24. Shin TG, Choi JH, Jo IJ, Sim MS, Song HG, Jeong YK et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with in hospital cardiac arrest: a comparison with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Critical Care Medicine. 2011; 39 (1): 1– 7. DOI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181feb339.
25. Johnson NJ, Acker M, Hsu CH, Desai N, Vallabhajosyula P, Lazar S et al. Extracorporeal life support as rescue strategy for out-of-hospital and emergency department cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014; 85 (11): 1527–1532.
26. Bernat JL. Controversies in defining and determining death in critical care. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2013; 9 (3): 164–173.
27. Dhanani S, Hornby L, Ward R, Baker A, Dodek P, Chamber-Evans J et al. Vital signs after cardiac arrest following withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy: a multicenter prospective observational study. Critical Care Medicine. 2014; 42 (11): 2358–2369.
28. Reznik ON, Bagnenko SF, Skvortsov AE. Uncontrolled Donors with Controlled Reperfusion after Sixty Minutes of Asystole: A Novel Reliable Resource for Kidney Transplantation. PloS One. 2013; 8–5: e64209.
29. Haward MF, Murphy RO, Lorenz JM. Default options and neonatal resuscitation decisions. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2012; 38 (12): 713–718.
30. Фуко М. Рождение клиники / Пер. с фр. А.Ш. Тхостова. 2-е изд. М.: Академический проект, 2014. 263. Foucoult M. Rozhdeniye kliniki / Per. s fr. A.Sh. Tkhostov. 2th ed. M.: Akademicheskiy proyekt, 2014. 263.
Review
For citations:
Reznik O.N., Skvortcov A.E., Popova O.V. Ethical issues of organ donation after cardiac death. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2018;20(3):116-125. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2018-3-116-125
Views:
1301
Email this article 