БИОБАНКИ – НЕОЦЕНИМЫЙ РЕСУРС ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ. ИСТОРИЯ, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Главная проблема трансплантации – это дефицит донорских органов. Однако это не единственный вызов современной трансплантации. Остро стоят проблемы подбора оптимальной дозы иммуносупрессивных препаратов для конкретного пациента, предупреждения и купирования реакций отторжения трансплантата, продления срока жизни реципиентов и пересаженного органа. До сих пор ведутся исследования механизмов ишемически- реперфузионного повреждения донорских органов. Также неизвестно, чем на самом деле ограничивается жизнеспособность донорских органов, какие ключевые механизмы влияют на нее. Наступающая эра персонализированной медицины диктует необходимость разработки индивидуализированных подходов к решению этих и других проблем. Ключом к решению может послужить создание трансплантационных биобанков и проведение различных исследований на их основе. Биобанки – это один из ключевых компонентов персонализированной медицины, они позволяют проводить крупномасштабные популяционные исследования, поиск новых биомаркеров и терапевтических целей, разработку новых лекарств. Значимость этой относительно молодой отрасли многократно возросла за последние десятилетия, на смену небольшим коллекциям биологических образцов пришли крупные национальные и международные биорепозитории. Существуют биобанки разных типов и предназначений. В данной статье проведен системный обзор литературы, дана историческая справка, предложены определения понятия «биобанк», рассмотрены существующие варианты классификации, освещено современное положение отрасли, оценены перспективы создания трансплантационных биобанков.

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