Диагностический и терапевтический потенциал трансформирующего фактора роста β1 при трансплантации солидных органов: результаты последних исследований

Клинические результаты трансплантации солидных органов зависят от многих факторов, и главным среди них остается риск развития посттрансплантационных осложнений, ограничивающих выживаемость аллотрансплантата и реципиента. Концепция многофакторности повреждения органа при развитии посттрансплантационных осложнений и поиск диагностических и прогностических индикаторов патологии способствовали изучению и отбору широкого спектра протеомных и молекулярно-генетических биомаркеров, показавших эффективность при трансплантации солидных органов. Применение биомаркеров открывает дополнительные возможности для оценки риска осложнений и ранней диагностики последних, что потенциально способствует сокращению частоты инвазивных диагностических процедур. Трансформирующий фактор роста-β1 (TGF-β1) регулирует множество биологических процессов, обладает противовоспалительным и иммуносупрессивным действием, участвует в развитии иммунного ответа, а также играет ключевую роль в синтезе белков внеклеточного матрикса, дисрегуляция которого приводит к гиперпролиферации фибробластов и повышенному синтезу коллагена, и как следствие к фиброзу тканей. Вариативность диагностического и прогностического потенциала TGF-β1 показана в результатах исследований реципиентов различных солидных органов. Целью настоящего обзора стал анализ последних данных о роли TGF-β1 в развитии посттрансплантационных осложнений, а также оценка перспективы его применения как маркера патологии трансплантата или в качестве мишени для терапии.

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