Факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек на заместительной почечной терапии

Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) являются основной причиной смерти пациентов с терминальной почечной недостаточностью (ТПН). Факторы сердечно-сосудистого риска у пациентов с ТПН можно разделить на традиционные (немодифицируемые: мужской пол, возраст старше 65 лет для мужчин и старше 75 лет для женщин, отягощенная наследственность; модифицируемые: артериальная гипертензия, сахарный диабет, дислипидемия, курение, ожирение, малоактивный образ жизни), «почечные» (анемия, хроническая гипергидратация, минерально-костные нарушения, хроническое воспаление, электролитные нарушения, оксидативный стресс) и специфичные для пациентов после трансплантации почки (иммуносупрессивная терапия, нарушения функции пересаженной почки). Факторы риска, связанные с почечной патологией и иммуносупрессивной терапией после трансплантации почки, играют ключевую роль, сопоставимую с традиционными факторами риска ССЗ. Раннее выявление и коррекция этих факторов являются критически важными для профилактики развития ССЗ в данной популяции пациентов.

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