Биомиметики внеклеточного матрикса для тканевой инженерии поджелудочной железы

Трансплантация изолированных островков Лангерганса применяется как более безопасная и менее инвазивная процедура, альтернативная пересадке поджелудочной железы для пациентов с осложненным течением сахарного диабета I типа. Однако потеря васкуляризации, иннервации, связи с внеклеточным матриксом (ВКМ), а также развивающаяся гипоксия, окислительный стресс, воспалительные реакции, токсическое действие иммуносупрессоров значительно снижают жизнеспособность островков и ограничивают функцию трансплантата. Подходы тканевой инженерии и регенеративной медицины направлены на преодоление этих проблем. Разработка способов получения биосовместимых скаффолдов-биомиметиков ВКМ (каркасов, носителей, матриксов), способных обеспечить механическую поддержку и адекватное микроокружение островковым клеткам in vitro и in vivo, – одна из ключевых задач тканевой инженерии. Цель обзора – систематизация данных о применении биомиметиков ВКМ для создания устойчиво функционирующей тканеинженерной конструкции поджелудочной железы.

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