Глобальный дефицит донорских органов: анализ национальных стратегий самообеспечения
https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-1-174-183
Аннотация
С позиций социально-гуманитарного знания в статье анализируется проблема глобального дефицита донорских органов. Рассматриваются основные представления международного медицинского сообщества о дефиците органов и основные предложения по его преодолению. Особое внимание уделяется трем наиболее показательным национальным стратегиям самообеспечения донорскими органами – американской, испанской и иранской. Обсуждается вопрос о влиянии культурных различий и фактора социально- экономического неравенства на сложившиеся практики донорства органов на примере Мексики, Турции, Пакистана и Бангладеш.
Ключевые слова
дефицит донорских органов,
ВОЗ,
национальные стратегии самообеспечения,
США,
Испания,
Иран,
Мексика,
Турция,
Пакистан,
Бангладеш
Об авторах
О. Н. Резник
ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени И.И. Джанелидзе»;
ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени И.П. Павлова»
Россия
Россия
Резник Олег Николаевич.
192242, Санкт-Петербург. ул. Будапештская, д. 3.
Д. В. Михель
ФГБОУ ВО «Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации»
Россия
Москва
Россия
Москва
Список литературы
1. World Health Assembly Resolution 40.13. Development of guiding principles for human organ transplants, 4–15 May 1987. [Online]. Available: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s15559e/s15559e.pdf (Accessed: 14.08.2019).
2. World Health Assembly Resolution 44.25. Human organ transplantation, 6–16 May 1991. [Online]. Available: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s15559e/s15559e.pdf (Accessed: 14.08.2019).
3. Capron A. 1991 Guiding principles: roots and implications. Ethics. Access and safety in tissue and organ transplantation: issues of global concern. Madrid, Spain, 6–9 October 2003. Report. Geneva: WHO, 2004: 9. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/transplantation/en/Madrid_Report.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed: 14.08.2019).
4. World Health Assembly Resolution 57.18. Human organ and tissue transplantation, 22 May 2004. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA57/A57_R18-en.pdf. (Accessed: 1.08.2019).
5. WHO proposes global agenda on transplantation. WHO. Media centre. 30 March 2007. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2007/pr12/en/(Accessed: 1.08.2019).
6. The declaration of Istanbul on organ trafficking and transplant tourism (2008 edition). [Online]. Available: https://www.declarationofistanbul.org/images/Policy_Documents/2008_Edition_of_the_Declaration_of_Istanbul_Final.pdf (Accessed: 1.08.2019).
7. World Health Assembly Resolution 63.22, WHO guiding principles on human cell, tissue and organ transplantation, 21 May 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/transplantation/Guiding_PrinciplesTransplantation_ WHA63.22en.pdf (Accessed: 1.08.2019).
8. Delmonico FL, Dominguez-Gil B, Matesanz R, Noel L. A call for government accountability to achieve national self-sufficiency in organ donation and transplantation. Lancet. 2011; 378: 1414–1418.
9. Mone TD. The business of organ procurement. Current opinion of organ transplantation. 2002; 7: 60–64.
10. Our OPOs: New England organ bank. New England donor services: organ and tissue donation. [Online]. Available: https://neds.org/our-opos/ (Accessed: 26.08.2019).
11. Fox RC, Swazey JP. Spare parts: organ replacement in American society. Oxford, 1992: 3–30.
12. Kaserman DL, Barnett AH. The US organ procurement system: a prescription for reform. Washington, DC, 2002: 8, 12, 13.
13. Schulak JA, Bohnengel A, Hanto DW et al. The Ohio solid transplantation consortium: a 15-year experience. Transplantation review. 1999; 13 (3): 135–147.
14. Adams PL, Cohen DJ, Danovitch GM et al. The nondirected live-kidney donor: ethical considerations and practice guidelines. Transplantation. 2002; 74 (4): 582– 590.
15. Henderson AJZ, Landolt MA, McDonald MF et al. The living anonymous kidney donor: lunatic or saint? American journal of transplantation. 2003; 3:203–213.
16. Salim A et al. Aggressive organ donor management significantly increases the number of organs available for transplantation. Journal of trauma. 2005; 58 (5): 991– 994.
17. Matesanz R, Dominguez-Gil B, Coll E et al. How Spain Reached 40 deceased organ donors per million population. American journal of transplantation. 2017; 20: 1–8.
18. Newsletter transplant. International figures on donation and transplantation 2017. Strasbourg, 2018; 23.
19. Gracia D. Prior consent of deceased and family permission. Ethics. Access and safety in tissue and organ transplantation: issues of global concern. Madrid, Spain, 6–9 October 2003. Report. Geneva: WHO, 2004: 10–11.
20. Jahromi AH, Fry-Revere S, Bastani B. A revised Iranian model of organ donation as an answer to the current organ shortage crisis. Iranian journal of kidney diseases. 2015; 9 (5): 354–360.
21. Ghods AJ. The history of organ donation and transplantation in Iran. Experimental and clinical transplantation. 2014; 12 (1) Supplement: 38–41.
22. Zargooshi J. Iranian kidney donors: motivations and relations with recipients. Journal of urology. 2001; 165 (2): 386–392.
23. Zargooshi J. Quality of life Iranian kidney «donors». Journal of urology. 2001; 166 (5): 1790–1799.
24. Ghods AJ, Savaj S. Iranian model of paid and regulated living-unrelated kidney donation. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2006; 1 (6): 1136–1145.
25. Mahdavi-Mazdeh M. The Iranian model of living renal transplantation. Kidney international. 2012; 82: 627– 634.
26. Groth C-G. Global activity and developments in organ transplantation. Ethics. access and safety in tissue and organ transplantation: issues of global concern. Madrid, Spain, 6–9 October 2003. Report. Geneva: WHO, 2004: 6. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/transplantation/en/Madrid_Report.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed: 14.08.2019).
27. Moazam F. Paucity of Cadaveric Kidneys: A Sociocultural Issue. Ethics. access and safety in tissue and organ transplantation: issues of global concern. Madrid, Spain, 6–9 October 2003. Report. Geneva: WHO, 2004: 12. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/transplantation/en/Madrid_Report.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed: 14.08.2019).
28. Crowley-Matoka M. Domesticating organ transplant: familial sacrifice and national aspiration in Mexico. Durham: Duke university press, 2016.
29. Crowley-Matoka M, Lock M. Organ transplantation in a globalized world. Mortality: promoting the interdisciplinary study of death and dying. 2006; 11 (2): 172.
30. Sanal A. «Robin Hood» of techno-turkey or organ trafficking in the state of ethical beings. Culture, medicine, and psychiatry. 2004; 28: 281–309.
31. Karakayali H, Haberal M. The history and activities of transplantation in Turkey. Transplantation proceedings. 2005; 37: 2905–2908.
32. Moazam F. Bioethics and organ transplantation in a Muslim society: a study in culture, ethnography, and religion. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.
33. Moazam F, Moazam Zaman R, Jafarey AM. Conversations with kidney vendors in Pakistan. Hastings center report. 2009; 39 (3): 29–44.
34. Moazam F, Jafarey AM. Pakistan’s experience with kidney transplantation and trade: a call for international solidarity. Indian journal of medical ethics. 2014; 11 (3): 156–162.
35. Cohen L. Where it hurts: Indian material for an ethics of organ transplantation. Daedalus. 1999; 128 (4): 156.
36. Moniruzzaman M. Living cadavers in Bangladesh: bioviolence in the human organ bazaar. Medical anthropology quarterly. 2012; 26 (1): 69–91.
37. Moniruzzaman M. Domestic organ trafficking: between biosecurity and bioviolence. Bioinsecurity and vulnerability, eds. Chen N., Sharp L. Santa Fe, NM: School of advanced research press, 2014: 195–215.
38. Scheper-Hughes N. Theft of life: the globalization of organ stealing rumours. Anthropology today. 1996; 12 (3): 3–11. 39. Scheper-Hughes N. The global traffic in human organs. Current anthropology. 2000; 41 (2): 191–224.
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Резник О.Н., Михель Д.В. Глобальный дефицит донорских органов: анализ национальных стратегий самообеспечения. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2020;22(1):174-183. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-1-174-183
For citation:
Reznik O.N., Mikhel D.V. Global organ shortage: an analysis of national self‑sufficiency strategies. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2020;22(1):174-183. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-1-174-183
Просмотров:
2430
Послать статью по эл. почте 