Современные возможности регенеративной медицины: биофабрикация полых органов

Для лечения пациентов с поврежденными или удаленными по медицинским показаниям органами в настоящее время применяют трансплантацию от доноров. Высокие риски летального исхода, проведение пожизненной иммуносупрессии и острая нехватка донорских органов ухудшают перспективу их применения. Недавние достижения в области биофабрикации свидетельствуют о скорой возможности появления реальных альтернатив методам, применяемым в настоящее время. Используемые биоматериалы создают трехмерное пространство, в котором клетки могут прикрепляться, расти и формировать новые ткани с соответствующей структурой и функцией. Современные исследования уделяют особое внимание выбору материала и технологий для обеспечения механических и физиологических свойств заново созданной ткани. В обзоре рассмотрены современные технологии регенеративной медицины, а также результаты экспериментальных исследований в области биофабрикации по созданию скаффолдов, тканеинженерных конструкций, а также полых и фрагментов сложносоставных органов, которые уже имеют практическую реализацию.

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