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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2019-1-35-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-987</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая трансплантология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Transplantology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ выживаемости пациентов в листе ожидания трансплантации почки с позиции конкурирующих рисков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Survival analysis of patients in the waiting list for kidney transplantation in terms of competing risks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватазин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatazin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зулькарнаев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zulkarnaev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2, корпус 6.Тел. (916) 705-98-99. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>building 6, 61/2, Shchepkina str., Moscow, 129110.Теl. (916) 705-98-99.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">7059899@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ватазин А.В., Зулькарнаев А.Б., Степанов В.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ватазин А.В., Зулькарнаев А.Б., Степанов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vatazin A.V., Zulkarnaev A.B., Stepanov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/987">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/987</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: проанализировать выживаемость кандидатов на трансплантацию почки и результаты трансплантации в зависимости от длительности ожидания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Мы провели ретроспективное обсервационное исследование, в которое было включено 1197 пациентов, находившихся в листе ожидания. Конечная точка – выбытие из листа ожидания (ЛО). Причины выбытия – смерть, исключение по причине ухудшения коморбидного фона или трансплантация – были рассмотрены нами с позиции конкурирующих событий.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Всего достигли конечной точки 72,5% пациентов, из них умерли – 21,1%, были исключены – 11% , у 40,4% пациентов выполнена трансплантация. По оценке Каплана–Мейера, через 10 лет нахождения в листе ожидания кумулятивный риск смерти составил 80,4% [95% ДИ 77,9; 88,6], исключения из ЛО– 77,9% [95% ДИ65,4; 88,2], трансплантации– 63,6% [95% ДИ 58,3; 69]. Однако такая оценка не может быть непосредственно интерпретирована как прогноз риска наступления соответствующего события для пациента, находящегося в ЛО, поскольку она не учитывает конкурирующих событий. Согласно сбалансированной оценке конкурирующих рисков Файн и Грей, кумулятивная инцидентность через 10 лет была 30,9% (95% ДИ 27,7; 34,2) для смерти, 18,2% [95% ДИ 15,5; 21,1] – для исключения и 49,4% [95% ДИ 46; 52,6%] – для трансплантации. Вероятность трансплантации была статистически значимо выше, чем риск смерти до5 лет ожидания включительно (отношение инцидентностей– IRR 1,769 [95% ДИ 1,098; 2,897]). При ожидании от 7 до 8 лет вероятность трансплантации меньше риска смерти: IRR 0,25 (95% ДИ 0,093; 0,588; р= 0,0009). Из 483 реципиентов 61 пациент умер, а 119 вернулись к диализу. Риск утраты трансплантата через 10 лет по оценке Каплана–Мейера составил 68,5% [95% ДИ 57,5; 79,1], риск смерти реципиента с функционирующим трансплантатом – 48,3% [95% ДИ 34,7; 63]. Кумулятивная инцидентность по методу Файн и Грей была 30,8% [95% ДИ 23,3; 38,5%] и 55,7% [95% ДИ 46,6; 63,5%] соответственно. Риск смерти после трансплантации значительно возрастает при ожидании более 6 лет– IRR 4,325 [95% ДИ 1,649; 10,47], р= 0,0045 по отношению к меньшему сроку ожидания. При увеличении срока ожидания значительно ухудшается коморбидный фон (шкала CIRS), даже с поправкой на исходное состояние: частная корреляция r = 0,735; p &lt; 0,0001.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. 1. В условиях конкурирующих рисков метод Файн и Грей дает более сбалансированную оценку по сравнению с методом Каплана–Мейера. 2. Увеличение продолжительности ожидания трансплантации значительно повышает риск смерти кандидата в листе ожидания и снижает вероятность трансплантации, а также повышает риск смерти реципиента после трансплантации. По-видимому, это главным образом обусловлено ухудшением коморбидного фона.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to analyze the survival of patients on the waiting list for kidney transplantation and the results of transplantation depending on the duration of waiting.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective observational analysis that included 1,197 patients on the waiting list. The end point was exclusion from the waiting list (WL). The causes for exclusion (death, exclusion due to deterioration of the comorbid background or transplantation) were considered in terms of competing risks.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In total, 72.5% of patients reached the end point: 21.1% of them died, 11% were excluded, and 40.4% underwent transplantation. Kaplan–Meier estimate showed that cumulative risk of death was 80.4% [95% CI 77.9; 88.6], of exclusion was 77.9% [95% CI 65.4; 88.2], of transplantation was 63.6% [95% CI 58.3; 69] after 10 years on the waiting list. However, such an assessment cannot be directly interpreted as a prediction of the relevant event risk of occurrence for the patient in the WL, because it does not take into account competing events. According to a balanced assessment of the competing risks (Fine and Gray estimate), cumulative incidence was 30.9% (95% CI 27.7; 34.2) for death, 18.2% [95% CI 15.5; 21.1] for exclusion and 49.4% [95% CI 46; 52.6%] for transplantation after 10 years on WL. The probability of transplantation was significantly higher than the risk of death up to and including 5 years of waiting (incidence rate ratio – IRR 1.769 [95% CI 1.098; 2.897]). When waiting 7 to 8 years, the probability of transplantation was less than the risk of death: IRR 0.25 (95% CI 0.093; 0.588; p = 0.0009). Of the 483 recipients, 61 died and 119 returned to dialysis. The risk of graft loss after 10 years was 68.5% [95% CI 57.5; 79.1] and the risk of death of a recipient with a functioning graft was 48.3% [95% CI 34.7; 63] according to Kaplan–Meier estimate. The cumulative incidence of the method was 30.8% [95% CI 23.3; 38.5%] and 55.7% [95% CI 46.6; 63.5%] according to Fine and Gray estimate, respectively. The risk of death after transplantation increases significantly when waiting for more than 6 years – IRR 4.325 [95% CI 1.649; 10.47], p = 0.0045 relative to a shorter waiting period. With an increase in the waiting period, the comorbid background (CIRS scale) deteriorates significantly, even adjusted for the initial patient condition: the partial correlation r = 0.735; p &lt; 0.0001.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. 1. In the context of competing risks, the Fine and Gray estimate gives a more balanced risk assessment compared to the Kaplan–Meier method. 2. Increasing the waiting time for transplantation significantly increases the risk of death of the candidate on the waiting list and reduces the probability of transplantation, as well as increases the risk of death of the recipient after transplantation. Apparently, this is mainly due to the deterioration of the comorbid background.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>лист ожидания</kwd><kwd>конкурирующие риски</kwd><kwd>анализ выживаемости</kwd><kwd>выживаемость реципиентов</kwd><kwd>выживаемость трансплантатов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>waiting list</kwd><kwd>competing risks</kwd><kwd>survival analysis</kwd><kwd>recipient survival</kwd><kwd>graft survival</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">грант Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых № МД-2253.2018.7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reese PP, Shults J, Bloom RD, Mussell A, Harhay MN, Abt P et al. 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