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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2018-3-116-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-920</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Вопросы этики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Ethical issues</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этическая проблематика донорства органов при необратимой остановке сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ethical issues of organ donation after cardiac death</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резник</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznik</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес: 197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Будапештская, д. 3. Тел. (921) 935-51-91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address: 3, Budapeshtskaja str., Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation. Теl. (921) 935-51-91</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onreznik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortcov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии РАН, сектор биоэтики и гуманитарной экспертизы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Резник О.Н., Скворцов А.Е., Попова О.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Резник О.Н., Скворцов А.Е., Попова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reznik O.N., Skvortcov A.E., Popova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/920">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/920</self-uri><abstract><p>История трансплантологии начиналась с использования органов, полученных от доноров с необратимой остановкой сердца. Только с введением в клиническую практику концепции  смерти мозга стало возможно предлагать для трансплантации экстраренальные органы  лучшего качества, так как их получение происходит в физиологических условиях, наиболее  близких к состоянию живого организма. Однако доноров со смертью мозга недостаточно, и  внимание врачей вновь было обращено к асистолическим донорам. С целью преодоления  разрыва между соблюдением этических основ донорства и качеством донорского органа, страдающего при отсутствии кровообращения, экспертным сообществом предлагается  классифицировать таких пациентов по времени и месту умирания, с тем чтобы предпринять  организационные мероприятия, минимизирующие негативные для органа последствия  умирания пациента. Экспертное мнение ложится в основу клинических протоколов и  утверждается государственными решениями. При этом размывается четкое  противопоставление жизни и смерти, что приводит к эрозии нравственных начал работы  врача. Предлагается к рассмотрению и этическому анализу будущая альтернативная модель  работы с такого рода донорами, когда после констатации у них смерти, как непременного  условия начала работы по донорству, кровообращение в органах и системах умершего  восстанавливается с помощью аппарата искусственного кровообращения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is renewal of interests to the organs that could be obtained from asystolic donors. Our goal was to identify ethical issues raised by attempts of classification  and terms such kind of organ donors depended on time and place of cardiac arrest.  Based only on the reasoning of medical experts group these principles going to be  routine State policy. That followed by erased roles of physicians and misleading the  meaning or organ transplant program. From our point of view there should be clear  opposite position between death and life in order to initiate organ procurement  activity. That is possible only in case of artificial blood supply for preserving  transplant-to-be-organs after relevant time between cardiac arrest and start of such kind of perfusion procedure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доноры с необратимой остановкой кровообращения</kwd><kwd>асистолические доноры</kwd><kwd>этические риски</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральная мембранная оксигенация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethical issues</kwd><kwd>asystolic organ donation</kwd><kwd>extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брюхоненко СС. 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