References

vtio

Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов

Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs

1995-1191

Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

10.15825/1995-1191-2016-4-123-132

vtio-707

Research Article

Обзор литературы

Literature Reviews

БИОБАНКИ – НЕОЦЕНИМЫЙ РЕСУРС ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ. ИСТОРИЯ, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

BIOBANKS ARE AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR TRANSPLANTATION. HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, PERSPECTIVES

Резник

О. Н.

Reznik

O. N.

Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

Кузьмин

Д. О.

Kuzmin

D. O.

Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

Скворцов

А. Е.

Skvortsov

A. E.

Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

Резник

А. О.

Reznik

A. O.

Адрес: 197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8. Тел. (981) 829-93-59

Address: 6/8, Lev Tolstoy st., Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation. Tel. (981) 829-93-59

aoreznik@gmail.com

ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»РоссияPavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Saint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze State Research Institute of Emergency MedicineRussian Federation

ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2016

28012017

184123132

2017

Резник О.Н., Кузьмин Д.О., Скворцов А.Е., Резник А.О.

Reznik O.N., Kuzmin D.O., Skvortsov A.E., Reznik A.O.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/707

Главная проблема трансплантации – это дефицит донорских органов. Однако это не единственный вызов современной трансплантации. Остро стоят проблемы подбора оптимальной дозы иммуносупрессивных препаратов для конкретного пациента, предупреждения и купирования реакций отторжения трансплантата, продления срока жизни реципиентов и пересаженного органа. До сих пор ведутся исследования механизмов ишемически- реперфузионного повреждения донорских органов. Также неизвестно, чем на самом деле ограничивается жизнеспособность донорских органов, какие ключевые механизмы влияют на нее. Наступающая эра персонализированной медицины диктует необходимость разработки индивидуализированных подходов к решению этих и других проблем. Ключом к решению может послужить создание трансплантационных биобанков и проведение различных исследований на их основе. Биобанки – это один из ключевых компонентов персонализированной медицины, они позволяют проводить крупномасштабные популяционные исследования, поиск новых биомаркеров и терапевтических целей, разработку новых лекарств. Значимость этой относительно молодой отрасли многократно возросла за последние десятилетия, на смену небольшим коллекциям биологических образцов пришли крупные национальные и международные биорепозитории. Существуют биобанки разных типов и предназначений. В данной статье проведен системный обзор литературы, дана историческая справка, предложены определения понятия «биобанк», рассмотрены существующие варианты классификации, освещено современное положение отрасли, оценены перспективы создания трансплантационных биобанков.

Organ shortage remains to be a crucial issue in transplantation. However, it’s not the only challenge that modern transplantation is facing. There are critical issues to be solved, such as, choosing optimal patient-specific immunosuppressive regimen, preventing or coping effectively with graft rejection and improving graft and patient survival rates. There are still a number of ongoing studies on ischemia-reperfusion injury mechanisms. It is also unknown what the true limitations of organ viability are and what mechanisms actually regulate it. The upcoming era of personalized medicine dictates the necessity for individualized approach to these issues. The creation of transplant biobanks followed by different studies on their base may be the key option to resolve problems of modern transplantation. Biobanks are an essential basis of personalized medicine, which allows largescale population studies, discovery of new biomarkers and therapy targets as well as new drugs development. The importance of this relatively new fi eld has increased over last decades making its way from small collections of samples to large national and international biorepositories. There are biobanks of different types and purposes. In this article a systematic review is given covering historical reference, term definition, and classifi cation variants. Furthermore, the current state of the industry is highlighted along with current issues and perspectives with respect to transplantation.

трансплантациябиобанкперсонализированная медицина.

transplantationbiobankpersonalized medicine

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.