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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2016-3-145-157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-681</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Лекция</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lectufe</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА – ЗАБЫТАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: A FORGOTTEN AREA?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иткин</surname><given-names>Г. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Itkin</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иткин</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Itkin</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Philadephia PA 19104 USA. Tel. 1-215-866-81-97.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Itkinmax@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научный центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artifi cial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет шт. Пенсильвания, Детский госпиталь Филадельфии, Филадельфия</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Pennsylvania, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (PA), Philadelphia</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иткин Г.П., Иткин М.Г., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иткин Г.П., Иткин М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Itkin G.P., Itkin M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/681">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/681</self-uri><abstract><p>Лимфатическая система (ЛС) – неотъемлемая часть сосудистой системы организма. Одной из главных функций ЛС является транспорт интерстициальной жидкости из тканей обратно в венозную систему. Несмотря на растущее признание роли ЛС во многих патологических процессах, методы диагностики и вмешательств на ЛС отстают от хорошо разработанных методов диагностики и вмешательств в систему кровообращения. Связано это в первую очередь с методическими трудностями визуализации из-за малых размеров и сложности анатомии лимфатических сосудов, в связи с чем в последние десятилетия функционированию ЛC в норме и патологии уделялось мало внимания. Однако развитие методов минимальной инвазивной эмболизации ЛС для лечения угрожающих жизни процессов, связанных с утечкой лимфы, стимулировало развитие методов визуализации ЛС. В статье представлены новые подходы к визуализации ЛС: метода внутриузловой лимфангиографии и метода динамическoй контрастированной МR лимфoангиографии. Использование новых методов позволило расширить наши представления о физиологии и патофизиологии ЛС. Выявлены причины некоторых заболеваний и разработаны малоинвазивные методы лечения пластикового бронхита и энтеропатии (потеря белка). Представлено развитие методов лечения других заболеваний (в том числе врожденной лимфодисплазии, хилоторакса и лимфатического асцита). Несмотря на значимость ЛС в формировании асцита в сочетании с циррозом печени, одним из самых известных клинических и распространенных заболеваний, ЛС печени до настоящего времени сравнительно мало изучена. Поэтому лимфоангиография печени может явиться эффективной минимально инвазивной методикой, которая позволяет визуализировать ЛС печени. Положительный эффект эмболизации ЛС печени был доказан при лечении лимфореи печени. Из-за трудностей визуализации наши представления о роли ЛС в общей сердечно-сосудистой системе были крайне ограничены. Разработанные нами новые методы визуализации позволили значительно расширить наше понимание физиологии и патофизиологии этой системы и разработать методы лечения некоторых ранее не излечимых заболеваний – таких как пластический бронхит, энтеропатия, цирроз печени и др. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Development of new methods of visualization of the lymphatic system and in the treatment of several pathologies associated with impaired lymph fl ow. The lymphatic system is an integral part of the circulation. One of the main functions of the lymphatic system is to transport residual interstitial fl uid from the tissue back to the venous system. Despite growing recognition of the role of the lymphatic system in many disease processes, the techniques for imaging and interventions on the lymphatic system have lagged behind the well-developed methods for imaging and interventions on the cardiovascular systems. This is primarily due to small size and variability in anatomy of the lymphatic vessels, and diffi culty of introducing contrast into lymphatic ducts. Due to lack of imaging and intervention options, the fl ow function of the lymphatic system was relatively ignored over the last few decades. Recently, there has been resurgence in the interest in the fl ow function of the interventions on the lymphatic system with the development of percutaneous minimally invasive techniques, such as thoracic duct embolization, to treat life threatening lymphatic leaks. Our group recently introduced two new methods of lymphatic imaging: intranodal lymphangiography and dynamic contrast MR lymphangiography. These methods have allowed further understanding of lymphatic anatomy, pathophysiology, lymphodynamics, as well as provided guidance for novel minimally invasive lymphatic interventions. Using new techniques, the group discovered the causes and then developed treatments for several fatal conditions effecting single ventricle patients including plastic bronchitis and protein loosing enteropathy. Treatment for other conditions has evolved as well including congenital lymphodysplasia, chylothorax, and chylous ascites. The study of the liver lymphatic system has been little explored despite its signifi cant relevance as exampled in ascites formation in association with cirrhosis, one of the most recognized clinical manifestations of lymphatic vascular system disorders. Liver lymphangiogram is an additional minimally invasive technique that allows visualization of the liver lymphatics. Embolization of the liver lymphatic system has been proven to be curative for liver lymphorrea. Due to the lack of the imaging ability of the lymphatic system the understanding of these relationships lacked. Intranodal lymphangiogram, and liver lymphangiograms are one of the fi rst steps in attempt to understand these relationships. Embolization of the lymphatic system provides the opportunity to treat the abnormal lymphatic fl ows in conditions such as pulmonary lymphatic perfusion syndrome, liver cirrhosis, cardiac failure. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лимфатическая система</kwd><kwd>визуализация</kwd><kwd>интервенционные методы лечения</kwd><kwd>лимфатический грудной проток</kwd><kwd>малоинвазивная техника</kwd><kwd>лимфангиография</kwd><kwd>ЯМР</kwd><kwd>пластический бронхит</kwd><kwd>энтеропатия</kwd><kwd>печеночная лимфорея</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lymphatic system</kwd><kwd>imaging</kwd><kwd>interventions</kwd><kwd>lymphatic ducts</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive techniques</kwd><kwd>lymphangiography</kwd><kwd>MR</kwd><kwd>plastic bronchitis</kwd><kwd>enteropathy</kwd><kwd>liver lymphorrea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nadolski GJ, Itkin M. 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