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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2015-4-95-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-596</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТОКСОПЛАЗМОЗ КАК ПРОТОЗОЙНАЯ ОППОРТУНИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНВАЗИЯ И ЕГО ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>TOXOPLASMOSIS AS AN OPPORTUNISTIC PROTOZOAN INFESTATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN TRANSPLANTATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">goncharov_toxo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габриэлян</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabrielyan</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аббазова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abbazova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иевлева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ievleva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупенио</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupenio</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научный центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гончаров Д.Б., Габриэлян Н.И., Аббазова Е.В., Иевлева Е.С., Крупенио Т.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончаров Д.Б., Габриэлян Н.И., Аббазова Е.В., Иевлева Е.С., Крупенио Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharov D.B., Gabrielyan N.I., Abbazova E.V., Ievleva E.S., Krupenio T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/596">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/596</self-uri><abstract><p>Возбудитель токсоплазмоза – Toxoplasma gondii способен длительно персистировать в различных тканях человека. Токсоплазмоз относят к оппортунистическим паразитозам, поскольку он представляет опасность для жизни пациента на фоне иммунной дисфункции. Серьезная проблема для здравоохранения – реактивация латентной инвазии при ВИЧ-инфекции и трансплантационных мероприятиях. Если у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией доминирующей клинической формой является церебральный токсоплазмоз, то после пересадки органов наблюдается более широкий спектр поражений. Достоверно чаще наблюдаются токсоплазменные миокардиты и перикардиты. В работе анализируются показатели летальности при пересадке различных органов, сроки реактивации инвазии в посттрансплантационном периоде, связь реактивации с отменой профилактических препаратов. Объективно весьма трудна диагностика заболевания, что связано с труднодоступностью возбудителя, атипичной клинической картиной и невысокой чувствительностью лабораторных методов индикации. В этой связи полезен опыт зарубежных и отечественных исследований по поиску и использованию комплекса клинических, инструментальных, иммунологических и молекулярных критериев реактивации токсоплазмоза при иммунодефицитах человека. Приведены факты, убедительно демонстрирующие опасность, которую представляет токсоплазмоз; показана роль заболевания для различных областей медицины, в частности при трансплантации органов и тканей. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The pathogen of toxoplasmosis called Toxoplasma gondii is able to persist for a long time in various human tissues. Toxoplasmosis is referred to as an opportunistic disease, since it presents a danger to the life of the patient for the immune dysfunction. Reactivation of latent infestation in HIV infection and transplantation procedures is a serious problem for healthcare. If a dominant clinical form in patients with HIV infection is represented by cerebral toxoplasmosis, then a broader range of lesions is observed after organ transplantation. Toxoplasmosis myocarditis and pericarditis are reliably more frequently observed. This paper analyzes mortality rate in transplantation of various organs, timing of invasive reactivation in the postoperative period and relation between reactivation and withdrawal of preventive drugs. Objectively it is rather difficult to diagnose the disease due to inaccessibility of the pathogen, atypical clinical picture and low sensitivity of laboratory indication methods. In this regard, there is a useful experience of foreign and domestic research studies in searching and using clinical, instrumental, immunological and molecular criteria of reactivation of toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency. The given facts convincingly demonstrated the danger of toxoplasmosis; the role of the disease is shown for various fields of medicine, particularly in transplantation of organs and tissues. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>токсоплазмоз</kwd><kwd>Toxoplasma gondii</kwd><kwd>трансплантация</kwd><kwd>реципиент органов</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>реактивация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>toxoplasmosis</kwd><kwd>Toxoplasma gondii</kwd><kwd>transplantation</kwd><kwd>recipient of organs</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>reactivation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лысенко АЯ, Владимирова МГ, Кондрашин АВ, Майори ДВ. Клиническая паразитология. ВОЗ. Женева, 2002; Токсоплазмоз: 319–338. 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