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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2015-1-59-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая трансплантология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Transplantology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ БИОЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОСТИ, КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ОРИГИНАЛЬНОГО И ГЕНЕРИЧЕСКОГО ЦИКЛОСПОРИНА ПОСЛЕ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ ПОЧКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOEQUIVALENCE, CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF GENERIC VERSUS ORIGINAL CYCLOSPORINE AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяревич</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarevich</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">stolyarevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадаева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badaeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюхина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukhina</surname><given-names>L. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бухарина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukharina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научный центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation&#13;
Moscow City Nephrology Center, Moscow City Hospital 52, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ No 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы», Московский городской нефрологический центр, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Nephrology Center, Moscow City Hospital 52, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научный центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация&#13;
ГБУЗ «ГКБ No 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы», Московский городской нефрологический центр, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation&#13;
Moscow City Nephrology Center, Moscow City Hospital 52, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научный центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Столяревич Е.С., Бадаева С.В., Томилина Н.А., Ким И.Г., Артюхина Л.Ю., Федорова Н.Д., Бухарина И.А., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Столяревич Е.С., Бадаева С.В., Томилина Н.А., Ким И.Г., Артюхина Л.Ю., Федорова Н.Д., Бухарина И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stolyarevich E.S., Badaeva S.V., Tomilina N.A., Kim I.G., Artyukhina L.Y., Fedorova N.D., Bukharina I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/497">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/497</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: сравнение биодоступности оригинального препарата циклоспорина (CyA) Сандиммуна Неорала и воспроизведенного препарата Экорала, их клинической эффективности и частоты побочных эффектов после трансплантации почки. Материалы и методы. Выполнено 319 фармакокинетических исследований у 197 реципиентов трансплантированной почки (ТП). У 42 из них выполнялось полное фармакокинетическое исследование, то есть определялась концентрация в крови СуА до приема и через 1; 1,5; 2; 3; 4; 6; 8 и 10 часов после приема препарата, причем в каждом случае сначала исследование проводилось на фоне Неорала, а затем через 2 недели после конверсии на Экорал в отношении 1:1. У 155 реципиентов было выполнено 235 укороченных фармакокинетических исследований на фоне приема Неорала (в 75 случаях) либо генерического препарата Экорал (у 160 человек) с определением концентрации в крови СуА до приема, через 1, 2 и 3 часа после приема. Оценивались основные фармакокинетические показатели: уровень СyA в крови до приема препарата (Co), пиковая концентрация (Cmax), время достижения пика (Tmax), площадь под фармакокинетичекой кривой «концентрация – время» (AUC). AUC рассчитывалась по методу трапеции (в полном фармакокинетическом исследовании) либо по формуле Gaspari (в укороченном). Для оценки клинической эффективности проанализированы отдаленные (в течение 12 месяцев после исследования) результаты наблюдения с оценкой функции трансплантата, частоты острого отторжения, однолетней выживаемости трансплантата и «бессобытийной» выживаемости, под которой понимали отсутствие признаков развивающейся дисфункции ТП, отторжения, побочных эффектов или смерти реципиента. Результаты. Основные фармакокинетические параметры значимо не различались после приема Неорала и Экорала как в полном (C max 1036 vs 931 нг/мл и AUC 4265 vs. 4204 нг/мл/ч), так и в укороченном исследовании (813 vs 741 нг/мл и 3834 vs. 3670 нг/мл/ч соответственно). Частота дисфункции трансплантата в этих группах также значимо не различалась (8% на Неорале vs 5% на Экорале), однако обратила на себя внимание тенденция к более частому отторжению на фоне Экорала (7% vs 0), что нашло отражение в более низкой «бессобытийной» выживаемости в этой подгруппе реципиентов (94 и 88% соответственно, p &lt; 0,05). При этом выживаемость трансплантатов через год после исследования на фоне Неорала и Экорала была сопоставимой (94 и 99% соответственно). Заключение. Наши данные позволяют предположить, что при совпадении по важнейшим фармакокинетическим параметрам (Cmax, Tmax, AUC) между генериком Экоралом и Сандиммуном возможны некоторые различия по клинической эффективности. Этот вопрос, однако, требует дальнейшего специального изучения. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical efficacy of generic cyclosporine (Ecoral) and Sandimmune Neoral. Materials and methods’. The pharmacokinetic parameters of different cyclosporine formulations. In 197 kidney graft recipients 319 comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies were performed. In 42 patients received in consecutive order original and generic Cyclosporine in the same dosage the complete pharmacokinetic study was perforfomed. AUC calculations based on dosing interval concentration values were fulfilled using linear trapezoidal rule. To evaluate clinical efficacy 235 short pharmacokinetic studies with concentration examination at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours after taking Cyclosporine (Co, C1 C2 and C3) were performed in patients treated with Neoral (n = 75) or generic cyclosporine (n = 160). Clinical efficacy of generic cyclosporine was estimated by the prevalence of allograft dysfunction and biopsy proved acute rejection episodes as well as by one-years graft survival and events-free survival. The graft survival rate was calculated by Kaplan–Meyer method. Results. At 100–200 ng/ml maintenance concentration (estimated by C0 concentration) pharmacokinetic parameters did not significantly differ according to Cyclosporine formulation in both complete or short pharmacokinetic studies: AUC-4265 vs. 4204 and 3834 vs. 3670 ng/ml/h respectively; (p &gt; 0.05), Cmax (1036 vs 931 and 813 vs 741 ng/ml respectively; (p &gt; 0.05). Allograft dysfunction occurred in 5% of patients subjected to Neoral immunosuppression and in 8% of Equoral recipients (p &gt; 0.05). However biopsy-proven acute rejection as a cause of graft dysfunction was seen only in patients receiving Ecoral (7% vs 0; p &lt; 0.05). One-years graft survival rate did not differ between groups (99% and 94% in generic CyA and Neoral respectively; p &gt; 0.05), whereas events-free graft survival was significantly lower in patients, receiving generic CyA than in Neoral group (88 vs 94% respectively; p = 0,03). Conclusion. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown the absorption profile of generic formulations Equoral do not differ significantly from that of Neoral. Prospective pilot trial demonstrated no difference between one-year graft survival or graft dysfunction rate, but lower eventsfree one-year graft survival as well as the tendency to higher acute rejection rate in patients treated with generics in comparison with those receiving Neoral should be noted. This issue is to be studied further. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетическое исследование</kwd><kwd>Циклоспорин А</kwd><kwd>воспроизведенные препараты</kwd><kwd>биоэквивалентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetic study</kwd><kwd>Cyclosporine</kwd><kwd>Generic drugs</kwd><kwd>bioequivalence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kälble T, Alcaraz A, Budde K et al. Guidelines on Renal Transplantation. Updated March 2009. Accepted on uroveb. org.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kälble T, Alcaraz A, Budde K et al. Guidelines on Renal Transplantation. Updated March 2009. 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