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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2026-2-208-217</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-2175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСПЛАНТОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSPLANTOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние полиморфизма гена CYP3A5 на фармакокинетику такролимуса у реципиентов трансплантированного сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of CYP3A5 gene polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in heart transplant recipients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-3161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гичкун Эрсин</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gichkun Ersin</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гичкун Эрсин Ольга Евгеньевна.</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p><p>Тел. (499) 190-53-41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga E. Gichkun Ersin.</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182</p><p>Phone: (499) 190-53-41</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Gichkunoe@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курабекова</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurabekova</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курабекова Ривада М.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kourabr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильчук</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilchuk</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильчук Мария И.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leit-niakriss@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-9486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>A. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Алексей О.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alxxshevchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колоскова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koloskova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колоскова Надежда Н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nkrasotka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-6465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Ольга П.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">transplant2009@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>208</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гичкун Эрсин О.Е., Курабекова Р.М., Ильчук М.И., Шевченко А.О., Колоскова Н.Н., Шевченко О.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гичкун Эрсин О.Е., Курабекова Р.М., Ильчук М.И., Шевченко А.О., Колоскова Н.Н., Шевченко О.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gichkun Ersin O.E., Kurabekova R.M., Ilchuk M.I., Shevchenko A.О., Koloskova N.N., Shevchenko O.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2175">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2175</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: определить связь генотипов изофермента CYP3A5 с дозой и концентрацией такролимуса в цельной крови у реципиентов сердца в ранние и отдаленные сроки после трансплантации. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 189 реципиентов сердца, получающих такролимус в составе базовой иммуносупрессивной терапии. Проведено исследование полиморфизма гена CYP3A5 (*1/*1, *1/*3, *3/*3) методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени. Проанализированы доза и концентрация такролимуса в цельной крови через 1 месяц, 1 год и более года (7,0 ± 3,1 года) после трансплантации сердца, а также показатели общего и биохимического анализов крови. Результаты. У реципиентов сердца преобладал генотип *3/*3 гена CYP3A5 (89% пациентов); генотип *1/*3 выявлен у 10%, гомозиготный *1/*1 – у 1% пациентов. У носителей аллеля 1 (*1/*3 и *1/*1) медиана дозы такролимуса была в 2 и более раза выше по сравнению с носителями генотипа *3/*3 на всех этапах наблюдения: через месяц – 8,0 [6; 10,25] и 11,0 [9,5; 12,5] мг против 4,0 [3; 6] мг (р &lt; 0,001); через год – 8,0 [6; 9] и 10,0 [9; 11] мг против 3,0 [2; 5] мг (р &lt; 0,001), в отдаленные сроки после трансплантации – 7,0 [6; 8] и 9,0 [7,5; 10,5] мг против 3,0 [2; 5] мг (р &lt; 0,001). Концентрация такролимуса в цельной крови между группами реципиентов сердца достоверно не различалась во все сроки наблюдения. Коэффициент «концентрация/доза» (C0/D) был достоверно выше у реципиентов сердца с генотипом *3/*3 во все сроки наблюдения после трансплантации (р = 0,000). В отдаленные сроки у пациентов с генотипом *3/*3 медиана уровня креатинина в сыворотке крови была достоверно выше: 107,6 [87,3; 142,1] мкмоль/л против 90,2 [75; 99,7] мкмоль/л у носителей аллеля 1* (р = 0,001). Выявлена корреляция концентрации такролимуса с числом лейкоцитов (r = 0,148; р = 0,027), уровнем общего билирубина (r = 0,217; р &lt; 0,001) и холестерина (r = –0,274; р &lt; 0,001). Заключение. У реципиентов сердца преобладает неэкспрессирующий генотип *3/*3 CYP3A5 (89%). У носителей функционального аллеля *1 CYP3A5 (*1/*3 и *1/*1) требуемая суточная доза такролимуса для достижения целевой концентрации препарата в крови в 2 и более раза превышает таковую у реципиентов, обладающих генотипом *3/*3 CYP3A5. Полиморфизм гена CYP3A5 является важным фактором межиндивидуальной вариабельности фармакокинетики такролимуса у реципиентов сердца. Фармакогенетическое тестирование CYP3A5 до начала терапии позволит персонализировать стартовую дозу, подбирать дозу в зависимости от наличия функционального аллеля, тем самым быстрее достигая необходимой концентрации в крови.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to assess the association between CYP3A5 isoenzyme genotypes and tacrolimus (Tac) dose and whole-blood levels in heart transplant (HT) recipients in the early and long-term post-transplant periods. Materials and methods. The study included 189 HT recipients receiving Tac as part of their maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. CYP3A5 polymorphisms (*1/*1, *1/*3, *3/*3) were determined via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tac dose and whole-blood concentrations were evaluated at 1 month, 1 year, and at long-term follow-up (&gt;1 year; mean 7.0 ± 3.1 years) after HT. In addition, general and biochemical blood test results were analyzed. Results. The CYP3A5 *3/*3 genotype was predominant among HT recipients (89%), while the *1/*3 genotype was identified in 10% and the *1/*1 genotype in 1% of patients. Carriers of the *1 allele (*1/*3 and *1/*1) required substantially higher Tac doses – approximately twofold or greater – compared with *3/*3 carriers at all follow-up time points: at 1 month post-transplant, median doses were 8.0 [6.0–10.25] mg and 11.0 [9.5–12.5] mg versus 4.0 [3.0–6.0] mg (p &lt; 0.001); at 1 year, 8.0 [6.0–9.0] mg and 10.0 [9.0–11.0] mg versus 3.0 [2.0–5.0] mg (p &lt; 0.001); and at long-term follow-up, 7.0 [6.0–8.0] mg and 9.0 [7.5–10.5] mg versus 3.0 [2.0–5.0] mg (p &lt; 0.001). Tac whole-blood levels did not differ significantly between groups of heart recipients at any time point during follow-up. However, the concentration-to-dose ratio (C0/D) was significantly higher in *3/*3 carriers across all follow-up periods (p = 0.000). At long-term follow-up, patients with the *3/*3 genotype exhibited significantly higher median serum creatinine levels compared with carriers of the *1 allele (107.6 [87.3–142.1] μmol/L vs 90.2 [75.0–99.7] μmol/L; p = 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between Tac levels and white blood cell count (r = 0.148; p = 0.027), total bilirubin levels (r = 0.217; p &lt; 0.001), and cholesterol levels (r = –0.274; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion. The non-expressing CYP3A5 *3/*3 genotype is predominant among HT recipients (89%). Carriers of the functional CYP3A5 *1 allele (*1/*3 and *1/*1) require twofold or higher Tac doses to achieve target whole-blood levels compared with *3/*3 carriers. These findings confirm that CYP3A5 polymorphism is a major determinant of interindividual variability in Tac pharmacokinetics in HT recipients. Pre-treatment pharmacogenetic testing for CYP3A5 may facilitate individualized dosing strategies, enabling more rapid attainment of therapeutic drug levels.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация сердца</kwd><kwd>такролимус</kwd><kwd>CYP3A5</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>нефротоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>tacrolimus</kwd><kwd>CYP3A5</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression</kwd><kwd>nephrotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kittleson M, Chang D, Patel J, Geft D, Jamero G, Bhatnagar N et al. Is Targeting Lower Tacrolimus Levels During the First Year After Heart Transplant Safe/Effective? 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