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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2026-1-147-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-2141</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Трансплантация сердца и вспомогательное кровообращение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Heart Transplantation and Assisted Circulation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска неблагоприятного исхода при трансплантации сердца у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for adverse outcomes in pediatric heart transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спирина Екатерина Алекcандровна</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p><p>Тел. (968) 048-35-26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Spirina</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182</p><p>Phone: (968) 048-35-26</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spirina.ekaterina2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябцев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabtsev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dvryabtsev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колядина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyadina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vkljadina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чартаев</surname><given-names>А. Ч.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chartaev</surname><given-names>A. Ch.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chartaev1996@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епремян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Epremyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medstudent18@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солодовникова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solodovnikova</surname><given-names>А. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solodovnikova.nastya20@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hanianya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнаткина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatkina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">as_ignatkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Правкина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pravkina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Pravckina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карина</surname><given-names>Я. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karina</surname><given-names>Ya. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anayanirak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Готье</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gautier</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemtranspl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Спирина Е.А., Рябцев Д.В., Колядина В.В., Чартаев А.Ч., Епремян А.С., Солодовникова А.К., Кузнецова А.А., Игнаткина А.С., Правкина Н.С., Карина Я.С., Готье С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спирина Е.А., Рябцев Д.В., Колядина В.В., Чартаев А.Ч., Епремян А.С., Солодовникова А.К., Кузнецова А.А., Игнаткина А.С., Правкина Н.С., Карина Я.С., Готье С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spirina E.A., Ryabtsev D.V., Kolyadina V.V., Chartaev A.C., Epremyan A.S., Solodovnikova А.K., Kuznetsova A.A., Ignatkina A.S., Pravkina N.S., Karina Y.S., Gautier S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2141">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2141</self-uri><abstract><p>Трансплантация сердца (ТС) является единственным радикальным методом хирургического лечения терминальной хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН). </p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучение факторов, негативно влияющих на непосредственные результаты трансплантации сердца у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. За период с 01.01.2012 по 31.12.2024 в ФГБУ «НМИЦ ТИО им. ак. В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России выполнили 91 ТС реципиентам младше 18 лет. Выполненные трансплантации сердца разделены на 2 клинические группы: выжившие реципиенты (n = 79; 86,8%) и умершие реципиенты (n = 12; 13,2%).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В период с 2012-го по 2024 г. было выполнено 2190 трансплантаций сердца, из них 91 (4,2%) – детям. Тяжелая ранняя дисфункция развилась у 14 (15,4%) детей – реципиентов сердца. Госпитальная летальность составила 13,2%. Высокий класс неотложности (UNOS) реципиентов сердца, наличие краткосрочной механической поддержки кровообращения (МПК) и клинические проявления полиорганной недостаточности вызвали необходимость расширения критериев использования донорских сердец для трансплантации. Данные ROC-анализа подтверждают влияние исходных лабораторных показателей реципиента на исход ТС. Показатели уровня натрия, лактата, мочевины и гемоглобина, количества эритроцитов и тромбоцитов в крови демонстрируют статистически значимую предиктивную способность, что подтверждают значения площади под кривой (AUC). Доноры сердца в когорте умерших реципиентов были достоверно старше, чем в когорте выживших реципиентов. Отношение «вес донора / вес реципиента» было больше в когорте умерших в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде реципиентов. В когорте умерших реципиентов величины отношений «рост донора / рост реципиента», «площадь поверхности тела донора / площадь поверхности тела реципиента», длительность ишемии сердечного трансплантата, анестезиологического пособия, оперативного вмешательства, искусственного кровообращения были достоверно больше.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На результативность ТС у детей (госпитальная выживаемость 86,8%) влияют класс неотложности выполнения ТС (UNOS) и вторичные по отношению к нему факторы, такие как степень тяжести полиорганной дисфункции реципиента, возраст донора, наличие значимого несоответствия по антропометрическим параметрам, продолжительность операции и объем интраоперационной кровопотери.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Heart transplantation (HT) remains the only definitive surgical treatment for end-stage chronic heart failure (CHF).</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to investigate factors associated with adverse immediate outcomes following HT in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2024, 91 HTs were performed in recipients under 18 years of age at Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow. The patients were divided into two groups based on early postoperative outcomes: survivors (n = 79; 86.8%) and non-survivors (n = 12; 13.2%).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Between 2012 and 2024, a total of 2,190 HTs were performed, including 91 (4.2%) in children. Severe early graft dysfunction occurred in 14 pediatric heart recipients (15.4%), and in-hospital mortality was 13.2%. A high recipient urgency status (UNOS), the use of short-term mechanical circulatory support, and clinical manifestations of multiple organ failure necessitated the expansion of donor heart selection criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that baseline laboratory parameters influenced transplant outcomes. Serum sodium, lactate, and urea levels, as well as hemoglobin levels, red blood cell and platelet counts, showed statistically significant predictive value, as confirmed by area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Donors in the non-survivor group were significantly older than those in the survivor group. The donor-to-recipient weight ratio was higher among recipients who died in the early post-transplant period. In the non-survivor cohort, significantly higher values were observed for the donor-to-recipient height ratio, donorto-recipient body surface area ratio, and durations of graft ischemia, anesthesia, surgery, and cardiopulmonary bypass.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The effectiveness of pediatric HT (hospital survival rate 86.8%) is influenced primarily by recipient urgency status (UNOS). Additional contributing factors include severity of multiple organ dysfunction, donor age, significant donor–recipient anthropometric mismatch, operative time, and intraoperative blood loss. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация сердца у детей</kwd><kwd>донор сердца</kwd><kwd>неотложные показания ТС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatric heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>heart donor</kwd><kwd>urgent indications for heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>risk</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colvin M, Smith JM, Skeans MA et al. OPTN/SRTR 2014 annual data report: heart. Am J Transplant. 2016; 16: 115–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colvin M, Smith JM, Skeans MA et al. OPTN/SRTR 2014 annual data report: heart. 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