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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2026-2-152-162</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-2090</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГЕНЕРАТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА И КЛЕТОЧНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGENERATIVE MEDICINE  AND CELL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение эффективности применения интактных и апоптотических клеток костного мозга на разных стадиях прогрессирующего развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative efficacy of intact and apoptotic bone marrow cells at different stages of type 2 diabetes progression</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никольская</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolskaya</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онищенко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onishchenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область, г.о. Красногорск, п. Светлые Горы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Svetlye Gory village</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клесов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleosov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область, г.о. Красногорск, п. Светлые Горы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Svetlye Gory village</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Х. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Kh. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область, г.о. Красногорск, п. Светлые Горы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Svetlye Gory village</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можейко</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozheiko</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шагидулин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shagidulin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шагидулин Мурат Юнусович.</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p><p>Тел. (499) 196-87-90</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murat Yu. Shagidulin.</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182</p><p>Phone: (499) 196-87-90</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.shagidulin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басок</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basok</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Научный центр биомедицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center for Biomedical Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никольская А.О., Онищенко Н.А., Волкова Е.А., Степанова О.И., Баранова Н.В., Пономарева А.С., Клесов Р.А., Семенов Х.Х., Можейко Н.П., Шагидулин М.Ю., Басок Ю.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никольская А.О., Онищенко Н.А., Волкова Е.А., Степанова О.И., Баранова Н.В., Пономарева А.С., Клесов Р.А., Семенов Х.Х., Можейко Н.П., Шагидулин М.Ю., Басок Ю.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolskaya A.O., Onishchenko N.A., Volkova E.A., Stepanova O.I., Baranova N.V., Ponomareva A.S., Kleosov R.A., Semenov K.K., Mozheiko N.P., Shagidulin M.Y., Basok Y.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2090">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2090</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы: сравнить эффективность корригирующего воздействия интактных и апоптотических клеток костного мозга на разных стадиях прогрессирующего развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа (СД2). Материалы и методы. Опыты проведены на генетической модели СД2 (на мутантных мышах db/db, n = 52, возраст 0,5–1,0 мес. жизни). Эти мыши составили 4 группы: 1-я – контроль (n = 10); во 2-й (n = 14), 3-й (n = 14) и 4-й (n = 14) опытных группах однократно внутрибрюшинно вводили мононуклеарные клетки аллогенного костного мозга (МККМ) от здоровых доноров (n = 20) в дозе 40–45 × 106 клеток на разных сроках развития СД2 – на 1, 3 и 7-м месяце после рождения соответственно. В каждой опытной группе было дополнительно выделено 2 подгруппы: с применением интактных свежевыделенных МККМ (иМККМ) и апоптотических МККМ (аМККМ). аМККМ получали путем инкубации иМККМ в ионсбалансированном консервирующем растворе НТК Бредшнейдера, чтобы получить иМККМ в состоянии обратимого апоптоза. Состояние мышей db/db после введения МККМ контролировали в динамике, исследуя содержание глюкозы в крови, массу тела, состояние окислительного метаболизма, автоматически рассчитывая суммарный показатель окислительного метаболизма (ПОМ), и гистологические препараты печени. Достоверность полученных результатов оценивали статистическими методами на персональном компьютере с использованием теста Шапиро–Уилка и t-критерия Cтьюдента. Результаты. Установлено, что аМККМ и иМККМ оказывают регуляторное воздействие на метаболизм на всех этапах развития СД2, однако мощность и эффективность воздействия аМККМ на исследуемые показатели была всегда более выраженной и находилась в прямой зависимости от значений ПОМ при введении клеток. На ранних этапах развития СД2 (на стадии адаптации – 1 мес. и стадии прогрессирующей дезадаптации – 3 мес.), когда значения ПОМ в тканях еще сохраняются на достаточно высоком уровне, иМККМ, но особенно аМККМ оказывают выраженный корригирующий эффект. На поздней стадии развития СД2 (на стадии декомпенсации метаболизма – 7 мес.), когда значения ПОМ снижаются ниже критического уровня, иМККМ, но особенно аМККМ способны усилить повреждение метаболизма и ускорить гибель животных. Заключение. МККМ (иМККМ и аМККМ) являются эффективным вспомогательным средством корригирующей терапии на ранних этапах развития СД2, так как развитие их терапевтического действия реализуется за счет сохранившихся стресс-адаптивных резервов в тканях организма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to compare the therapeutic efficacy of intact and apoptotic bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) at different stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) progression. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using a genetic model of T2D in db/db mice (n = 52; age 0.5–1.0 months). Animals were divided into four groups: control (n = 10) and three experimental groups (n = 14 each), which received allogeneic BMMCs from healthy donors at a dose of 40–45 × 106 cells at different stages of disease progression (1, 3, and 7 months of age). Each experimental group was further subdivided into two subgroups: one receiving freshly isolated intact BMMCs (iBMMCs) and the other apoptotic BMMCs (aBMMCs). Apoptotic cells were obtained by incubating intact cells in Bradschneider’s ion-balanced preservative solution to induce reversible apoptosis. Outcomes were assessed by measuring blood glucose levels, body weight, total oxidative metabolism index (TOM), and histological liver changes. Reliability of the results was assessed using statistical methods on a personal computer, employing the Shapiro–Wilk test and the Student’s t-test. Results. Both iBMMCs and aBMMCs demonstrated regulatory effects on metabolism at all stages of T2D progression; however, apoptotic BMMCs showed consistently greater efficacy. The therapeutic effect was directly associated with baseline tissue oxidative metabolism (TOM) levels at the time of administration. In early stages (adaptation at 1 month and progressive maladaptation at 3 months), when TOM levels remained relatively high, both cell types, particularly apoptotic BMMCs, produced pronounced corrective effects. In contrast, in the late stage (metabolic decompensation at 7 months), when TOM levels dropped below a critical threshold, iBMMCs, but especially aBMMCs, aggravated metabolic damage and increased animal mortality. Conclusion. Intact and apoptotic BMMCs may serve as effective adjunctive therapy in the early stages of T2D, with their therapeutic efficacy dependent on the body’s preserved stress-adaptive reserves in tissues.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клетки костного мозга</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2‑го типа</kwd><kwd>окислительные процессы в тканях</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone marrow cells</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd><kwd>tissue oxidative processes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramírez‑Alarcón K, Victoriano M, Mardones L, Villagran M, Al‑Harrasi A, Al‑Rawahi A et al. Phytochemicals as Potential Epidrugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 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