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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2026-2-128-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-2061</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГЕНЕРАТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА И КЛЕТОЧНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGENERATIVE MEDICINE  AND CELL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние аллогенного и ксеногенного биоматериалов на морфофункциональный профиль макрофагов in vitro и in vivo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of allogeneic and xenogeneic biomaterials on macrophage morphology and function in vitro and in vivo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Валентин Николаевич - д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, ректор.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin N. Pavlov - MD, Professor, RAS academician, Head of the Department of Urology.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Jeol02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-2600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Анна Ивановна - д.б.н., зав. научно-исследовательским отделом - отделом морфологии.</p><p>450075, Уфа, ул. Рихарда Зорге, д. 67/1</p><p>Тел. (903) 351-02-07</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Lebedeva - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Research Department – Department of Morphology.</p><p>67/1, Richard Sorge str., Ufa, 450075</p><p>Phone: (903) 351-02-07</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Jeol02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4374-2923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилко</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilko</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данилко Ксения Владимировна - к.б.н., заведующий лабораторией клеточных культур Института фундаментальной медицины, доцент кафедры биологии.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia V. Danilko - PhD, Senior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kse-danilko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-1254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шангина</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shangina</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шангина Ольга Ратмировна - д.б.н., зав. научно-исследовательским отделом - отделом консервации тканей.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga R. Shangina - Doc. Biol. Sc., Leading Researcher, Head of the Tissue Conservation Laboratory.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Jeol02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлов В.Н., Лебедева А.И., Данилко К.В., Шангина О.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлов В.Н., Лебедева А.И., Данилко К.В., Шангина О.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlov V.N., Lebedeva A.I., Danilko K.V., Shangina O.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2061">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2061</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Определение биосовместимых свойств биотрансплантатов является актуальной проблемой для тканевой инженерии. Продукты их деградации вызывают различные клеточные реакции, влияющие на исход заживления. Макрофаги определяют биосовместимые свойства и эффективность процесса регенерации. Задачей исследования явилось выявление особенностей клеточного состава и репертуара макрофагов, обусловленного экзогенным аллогенным и ксеногенным матриксом. Цель: выявление морфофункционального профиля макрофагов in vitro и in vivo после алло- и ксенотрансплантации. Материалы и методы. In vitro моноциты донора культивировали 7 суток на подложке из губчатого и суспензии диспергированного аллогенных биоматериалов из серии «Аллоплант®», изготовленных из кадаверной ткани человека. In vivo беспородным крысам – самцам массой 200–250 г (n = 20) подкожно вводили суспензию (10 мг) диспергированного аллогенного биоматериала (ДАБ), изготовленного из сухожилий крыс и ксеногенного биоматериала (ДКБ) из сухожилий кролика. Спустя 7 и 14 суток иссекали зону трансплантата. Проводили морфологические исследования: гистологические, иммуногистохимические (VEGF-R1, CD206, CD86, TNF-α, CD163, TGF-β, CD68, FGF-1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, HLA-DR), сканирующую электронную микроскопию. Результаты. In vitro моноциты приобретали морфологию зрелых макрофагов с фенотипом CD68+, CD206+, VEGF-R+ и CD86–, TGF-β–, CD163–, FGF-1–, MMP-9–, TIMP-2–. In vivo ДАБ лизировался с высвобождением гликозаминогликанов (ГАГ), резорбировался, замещался без признаков инкапсуляции макрофагами фенотипов: М1 (CD86+) и М2 (CD206+ и CD163+), VEGF-R+ и TNF-α+. При этом они были TGF-β– и HLA DR– негативны. После введения ДКБ наблюдались признаки инкапсуляции биоматериала, гранулематозное воспаление, ГАГ не выявлялись. Макрофаги определялись с фенотипом M2 (CD206+), TGF-β+, HLA-DR+ и TNF-α–, VEGF-R–. Заключение. Видовая специфичность биоматериалов определяет фенотип макрофагов, клеточную реакцию и исход заживления. Аллобиоматериал резорбировался и замещался структурно полноценным регенератом. Макрофаги различных фенотипов – М1 и М2 – не проявляли антигенных и фиброгенных свойств, стимулировали ангиогенез. Ксенобиоматериал вызывал хроническое воспаление и инкапсуляцию. Выявлялись только М2-макрофаги с антигенными, фиброгенными свойствами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Determining the biocompatibility of biotransplants remains a pressing issue in tissue engineering. The degradation products of these materials elicit diverse cellular responses that ultimately influence healing outcomes. Among these responses, macrophages play a central role in regulating biocompatibility and guiding the regenerative process. Objective: to characterize the cellular composition and repertoire of macrophages induced by exogenous allogeneic and xenogeneic matrices, and to determine the morphofunctional profile of macrophages in vitro and in vivo following allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation. Materials and methods. In vitro, donor-derived monocytes were cultured for 7 days on a substrate composed of a sponge matrix and a suspension of dispersed allogeneic biomaterials from the Alloplant® series, obtained from human cadaver tissue. In vivo, male outbred rats (200–250 g; n = 20) received subcutaneous injections of a suspension (10 mg) of dispersed allogeneic biomaterial (DAB) derived from rat tendons, and dispersed xenogeneic biomaterial (DXB) derived from rabbit tendons. Transplantation sites were excised at 7 and 14 days post-implantation. Morphological evaluation included histological and immunohistochemical analyses (VEGF-R1, CD206, CD86, TNF-α, CD163, TGF-β, CD68, FGF-1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, HLA-DR), as well as scanning electron microscopy. Results. In vitro, monocytes differentiated into mature macrophages exhibiting the following phenotype: CD68+, CD206+, VEGF-R+, CD86–, TGF-β–, CD163–, FGF-1–, MMP-9–, and TIMP-2–. In vivo, DAB underwent lysis with the release of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), followed by resorption and replacement without evidence of encapsulation by macrophages of the following phenotypes: M1 (CD86+) and M2 (CD206+, CD163+), as well as VEGF-R+ and TNF-α+ expression, while remaining negative for TGF-β and HLA-DR. In contrast, DXB induced encapsulation and granulomatous inflammation, with no detectable GAG release. Macrophages in this group predominantly exhibited an M2 phenotype (CD206+), with positive expression of TGF-β and HLA-DR, and negative expression of TNF-α and VEGF-R. Conclusion. The species specificity of biomaterials determines macrophage phenotype, cellular response, and healing outcomes. Allogeneic biomaterial was effectively resorbed and replaced by structurally complete regenerative tissue. Macrophages of both M1 and M2 phenotypes did not demonstrate antigenic or fibrogenic activity and promoted angiogenesis. In contrast, xenogeneic biomaterial elicited chronic inflammation and encapsulation, characterized by the presence of M2 macrophages with antigenic and fibrogenic properties.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллогенный биоматериал</kwd><kwd>ксеногенный биоматериал</kwd><kwd>моноциты</kwd><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>факторы роста</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allogeneic biomaterial</kwd><kwd>xenogeneic biomaterial</kwd><kwd>monocytes</kwd><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>growth factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao P, Yang F, Jia X, Xiao Y, Hua Ch, Xing M, Lyu G. Extracellular Matrices as Bioactive Materials for In Situ Tissue Regeneration. 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