vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2025-4-133-137vtio-2058Research ArticleТрансплантомикаTransplantomicsПерспективные подходы к преодолению иммунологических и физиологических барьеров в трансплантологии. КсенотрансплантацияAdvances in overcoming immunological and physiological barriers in xenotransplantationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8742-5102ВеликийД. А.VelikiyD. A.

Дмитрий Алексеевич Великий 

123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1

Dmitriy Velikiy

Address: 1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182

dim_vel@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-3164БасокЮ. Б.BasokYu. B.

Юлия Борисовна Басок 

Москва

Moscow

bjb2005@mail.ruГрудининН. В.GrudininN. V.

Никита Владимирович Грудинин 

Москва

Moscow

zbignev.religa@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-3161ГичкунО. Е.GichkunO. E.

Ольга Евгеньевна Гичкун 

Москва

Moscow

gichkunoe@yandex.ruТрашковА. П.TrashkovA. P.

Александр Петрович Трашков 

Москва

Moscow

Trashkov_AP@nrcki.ruВарлачевА. В.VarlachevA. V.

Александр Валерьевич Варлачев 

Москва

Moscow

av_varlachev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-6465ШевченкоО. П.ShevchenkoO. P.

Ольга Павловна Шевченко 

Москва

 Moscow

transplant2009@mail.ruФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)РоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»РоссияKurchatov InstituteRussian Federation202510012026274133137Copyright © Великий Д.А., Басок Ю.Б., Грудинин Н.В., Гичкун О.Е., Трашков А.П., Варлачев А.В., Шевченко О.П., 20262026Великий Д.А., Басок Ю.Б., Грудинин Н.В., Гичкун О.Е., Трашков А.П., Варлачев А.В., Шевченко О.П.Velikiy D.A., Basok Y.B., Grudinin N.V., Gichkun O.E., Trashkov A.P., Varlachev A.V., Shevchenko O.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2058

Увеличение количества пациентов с тяжелыми заболеваниями жизненно важных органов, а также потребности в выполнении ретрансплантаций приводит к дефициту донорских органов, который является главным сдерживающим фактором роста числа трансплантаций. Развитие технологий генной инженерии и клеточной терапии позволяет по-новому взглянуть на перспективы использования органов животных для трансплантации человеку. Повышение эффективности и безопасности данного направления требует разработки подходов к преодолению иммунологических и физиологических барьеров ксенотрансплантации. В настоящем обзоре суммированы последние данные о методах генетической модификации животных и клеточной терапии при ксенотрансплантации и перспективах ее клинического применения.

The growing number of patients with severe organ diseases, along with the increasing demand for retransplantations, has intensified the global shortage of donor organs – the primary limitation to expanding transplant programs. Advances in genetic engineering and cell therapy technologies are opening new opportunities for the use of animal organs in human transplantation. Enhancing the effi cacy and safety of this approach requires overcoming signifi cant immunological and physiological barriers inherent in xenotransplantation. This review summarizes recent progress in genetic modification of donor animals, use of cell-based therapy in xenotransplantation, and prospects for clinical application. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.