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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2026-1-23-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-2038</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая трансплантология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Transplantology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поддерживающая иммуносупрессия после пересадки печени: данные Локального научного регистра трансплантаций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Maintenance immunosuppression after liver transplantation: data from a local transplant registry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-5398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Восканян</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voskanyan</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voskanyan_se@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1561-6268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сушков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sushkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сушков Александр Игоревич</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23. Тел. (916) 177-89-24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Sushkov</p><p>23, Marshala Novikova str., Moscow, 123098</p><p>Phone: (916) 177-89-24</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asushkov@fmbcfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-6621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудаков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rudakov_vc@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-5211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюткин</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syutkin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladsyutkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-7143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maximmsk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-4345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найденов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naydenov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.v.naydenov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6254-130X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колышев</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyshev</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diffdiagnoz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-5945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemiev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">coma2000@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр РФ – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Восканян С.Э., Сушков А.И., Рудаков В.С., Сюткин В.Е., Попов М.В., Найденов Е.В., Колышев И.Ю., Артемьев А.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Восканян С.Э., Сушков А.И., Рудаков В.С., Сюткин В.Е., Попов М.В., Найденов Е.В., Колышев И.Ю., Артемьев А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voskanyan S.E., Sushkov A.I., Rudakov V.S., Syutkin V.E., Popov M.V., Naydenov E.V., Kolyshev I.Y., Artemiev A.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2038">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2038</self-uri><abstract><p>Ежегодное увеличение количества трансплантаций в России и расширение когорты реципиентов печени определяют актуальность проведения масштабных исследований реальной клинической практики назначения и управления иммуносупрессивной терапией.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить структуру поддерживающей иммуносупрессивной терапии в различные сроки после трансплантации печени, эволюцию подходов к выбору ее стартовых схем в 2010–2024 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В одноцентровое, ретроспективное, регистровое исследование включены сведения о 568 трансплантациях печени от родственных (72%) и посмертных (28%) доноров, выполненных последовательно в период с 2010-го по 2024 г. Состав иммуносупрессивной терапии определяли в шести временных точках: на момент выписки, через 1, 3, 5, 7 и 10 лет после пересадки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При выписке, через год, пять и десять лет после трансплантации печени частота назначения ингибиторов кальциневрина (CNI) составляла 99, 96, 94 и 90%, глюкокортикостероидов (St): 51, 17, 10 и 14%, ингибиторов пролиферативного сигнала (mTOR): 13, 17, 14 и 14%, антиметаболитов (A/M): 6, 7, 7 и 14% соответственно. На сроках от года до 10 лет монотерапию СNI получали в среднем 70% пациентов, CNI + St – 7%, CNI + A/M ± St – 8%, CNI + mTOR ± St – 8%, mTOR ± St – 7%. При выписке и через 5 лет после трансплантации схемы с mTOR чаще использовались у пациентов, оперированных по поводу опухолей печени (48 и 57%), с A/М – у пациентов с иммунными заболеваниями (22 и 18%), монотерапия CNI – у пациентов с вирусной этиологией цирроза (52 и 89%). Режимы иммуносупрессии изменялись с частотой от 9% (в интервале 5–7 лет) до 49% (в интервале от выписки до 1 года). В 2010–2024 гг. наиболее значимыми изменениями в выборе стартовой иммуносупрессии стали переход с такролимуса немедленного высвобождения на пролонгированную форму препарата, увеличение частоты назначения микофенолатов и mTOR: с 2 и 4% в 2010–2015 гг. до 9 и 21% в 2019–2024 гг. соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Этиология заболевания продолжает оставаться ведущим фактором, определяющим стратегию поддерживающей иммуносупрессии. Высокая доля использования монотерапии на сроках от 1 года до 10 лет является предпосылкой для инициации клинических исследований безопасности и эффективности минимизации/ отмены иммуносупрессивной терапии после трансплантации печени.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The steady annual increase in the number of liver transplants (LT) in Russia, together with the expansion of the liver recipient population, underscores the need for large-scale studies on the actual clinical practice of prescribing and managing immunosuppressive therapy.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the structure of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy (MIT) at various time points after liver transplantation and to assess the evolution of approaches to selecting initial immunosuppressive regimens between 2010 and 2024.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This singlecenter, retrospective registry study included data from 568 consecutive LT performed between 2010 and 2024, using grafts from living-related (72%) and deceased (28%) donors. The MIT composition was evaluated at six time points: at hospital discharge and at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years after transplantation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. At hospital discharge and at 1, 5, and 10 years after LT, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) were prescribed in 99%, 96%, 94%, and 90% of patients, respectively. The use of glucocorticoids (St) decreased over time, accounting for 51%, 17%, 10%, and 14%, respectively. Proliferation signal inhibitors (mTOR inhibitors) were prescribed in 13%, 17%, 14%, and 14% of cases, while antimetabolites (A/M) were used in 6%, 7%, 7%, and 14% of patients, respectively. At intervals ranging from one to ten years after transplantation, CNI monotherapy was used in approximately 70% of recipients. Combination regimens included CNI + St in 7%, CNI + A/M ± St in 8%, CNI + mTOR ± St in 8%, and mTOR ± St in 7% of patients. At discharge and at 5 years after transplantation, mTOR-based regimens were more commonly prescribed in patients who underwent surgery for liver tumors (48% and 57%, respectively), A/M-based regimens in patients with immune-mediated liver diseases (22% and 18%), and CNI monotherapy in recipients with viral cirrhosis (52% and 89%). Immunosuppression regimens changed with a frequency ranging from 9% (in the 5–7 year interval) to 49% (in the interval from discharge to 1 year). Over the period from 2010 to 2024, the most notable trends in initial immunosuppression included a shift from immediate-release to prolonged-release tacrolimus, as well as increased use of mycophenolates and mTOR inhibitors, rising from 2% and 4% in 2010–2015 to 9% and 21% in 2019–2024, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The underlying etiology of the disease remains the primary determinant in selecting MIT. The high prevalence of CNI monotherapy from 1 to 10 years post-transplant provides a strong rationale for initiating clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of minimizing or discontinuing immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplant recipients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессивная терапия</kwd><kwd>такролимус</kwd><kwd>циклоспорин A</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>микофеноловая кислота</kwd><kwd>азатиоприн</kwd><kwd>эверолимус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression therapy</kwd><kwd>tacrolimus</kwd><kwd>cyclosporine A</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoids</kwd><kwd>mycophenolic acid</kwd><kwd>azathioprine</kwd><kwd>everolimus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование проведено в рамках научно-исследовательской работы «Идентификация и управление факторами, определяющими отдаленные результаты трансплантации печени взрослым пациентам» (ЕГИСУ НИОКТР: 124032000128-9), выполняемой по государственному заданию Федерального медико-биологического агентства.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Federal Medical Biological Agency</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Готье СВ, Хомяков СМ. 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