Введение

vtio

Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов

Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs

1995-1191

Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

10.15825/1995-1191-2026-1-47-63

vtio-2019

Research Article

Клиническая трансплантология

Clinical Transplantology

De novo злокачественные новообразования после трансплантации печени: эпидемиология, факторы риска и стратегии ведения

De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: epidemiology, risk factors, and management strategies

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-5235

Сёмаш

К. О.

Semash

K. O.

Семаш Константин Олесьевич

100171, Ташкент, Яшнабадский р-н, ул. Паркентская, д. 294

Тел. +998 (94) 090-89-05

Konstantin Semash

294, Parkenskaya str., Yashnobod District, Tashkent, 100171

Phone: +998 (94) 090-89-05

doctorsemash@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-947X

Джанбеков

Т. А.

Dzhanbekov

T. A.

Ташкент

Tashkent

house-md@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1365-9125

Насыров

М. М.

Nasirov

M. M.

Ташкент

Tashkent

mansoornasyrov@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8675-5492

Умаров

К. М.

Umarov

Q. M.

Ташкент

Tashkent

Qosimjon81@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8201-9505

Худайбергенова

А. Б.

Khudaybergenova

A. B.

Ташкент

Tashkent

Khudaybergenovaayimgul@gmail.com

Национальный детский медицинский центрУзбекистанNational Children’s Medical CenterUzbekistan

2026

31032026

2814763

2026

Сёмаш К.О., Джанбеков Т.А., Насыров М.М., Умаров К.М., Худайбергенова А.Б.

Semash K.O., Dzhanbekov T.A., Nasirov M.M., Umarov Q.M., Khudaybergenova A.B.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2019

Введение

Введение. Трансплантация печени существенно улучшает выживаемость пациентов с терминальными заболеваниями печени, однако сопровождается риском развития de novo злокачественных новообразований. Иммуносупрессия, вирусные инфекции и вредные привычки повышают риск онкологических осложнений в посттрансплантационном периоде.

Цель

Цель: обобщить современные данные о распространенности, факторах риска, диагностике, профилактике и лечении de novo злокачественных новообразований у реципиентов печени.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Представлен обзор литературных источников, включающих ретроспективные и проспективные исследования, метаанализы и гайдлайны, опубликованные за последние два десятилетия.

Результаты

Результаты. Наиболее часто встречаются немеланомные опухоли кожи, посттрансплантационные лимфопролиферативные заболевания и солидные опухоли. Основными факторами риска являются хроническая иммуносупрессия, вирусные инфекции, курение, алкоголь, пожилой возраст и первичное заболевание печени. Современные подходы к лечению включают редукцию иммуносупрессии, хирургическое удаление, химиотерапию и таргетную терапию. mTOR-ингибиторы демонстрируют эффективность у части пациентов, особенно при саркоме Капоши и лимфопролиферативных заболеваниях.

Заключение

Заключение. Учитывая высокий онкологический риск, необходимо проведение стратифицированных скрининговых программ и индивидуализированное ведение пациентов после трансплантации печени. Снижение дозы иммуносупрессии, модификация образа жизни и своевременная диагностика позволяют улучшить отдаленный прогноз.

Background

Background. Liver transplantation (LT) significantly improves survival in patients with end-stage liver disease; however, it is associated with an increased risk of developing de novo malignancies. Long-term immunosuppression, viral infections, and unhealthy lifestyle choices increase the risk of post-transplant oncological complications.

Objective

Objective: to summarize current evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic, prevention, and treatment of de novo malignancies in liver transplant recipients.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. This paper presents a literature review, including retrospective and prospective studies, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines published over the past two decades.

Results

Results. The most common post-transplant malignancies include non-melanoma skin cancer, lymphoproliferative disorders, and solid organ tumors. Major risk factors are prolonged immunosuppression, viral infections, smoking, alcohol use, advanced recipient age, and the underlying liver disease. Current management strategies involve immunosuppression reduction, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.

In particular, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor efficacy in selected patients, particularly those with Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphoproliferative disorders.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Given the high oncological risk, stratified screening programs and individualized patient management are necessary after LT. Immunosuppression reduction, lifestyle modification, and early detection of malignancies are key factors in improving long-term outcomes.

трансплантация печениde novo опухолииммуносупрессиялимфопролиферативные заболеваниясаркома Капоширак кожиmTOR-ингибиторыонкологический скрининг

liver transplantationde novo malignanciesimmunosuppressionlymphoproliferative disordersKaposi’s sarcomaskin cancermTOR inhibitorscancer screening

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.