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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2026-1-128-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-2018</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Трансплантация сердца и вспомогательное кровообращение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Heart Transplantation and Assisted Circulation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска гуморального отторжения миокарда в течение первого года после трансплантации сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for humoral myocardial rejection during the first year after heart transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-3513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сазонова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazonova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сазонова Юлия Вячеславовна.</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2. Тел. (911) 250-29-37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia Sazonova</p><p>2, Akkuratova str., St. Petersburg, 197341</p><p>Phone: (911) 250-29-37</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulia.via.sazonova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борцова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bortzova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симоненко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнева</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneva</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Килина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kilina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovkin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситникова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitnikova</surname><given-names>М. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпенко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Кarpenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сазонова Ю.В., Федотов П.А., Борцова М.А., Симоненко М.А., Корнева Л.О., Килина Д.А., Головкин А.С., Калинина О.В., Ситникова М.Ю., Николаев М.А., Карпенко М.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сазонова Ю.В., Федотов П.А., Борцова М.А., Симоненко М.А., Корнева Л.О., Килина Д.А., Головкин А.С., Калинина О.В., Ситникова М.Ю., Николаев М.А., Карпенко М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sazonova Y.V., Fedotov P.A., Bortzova M.A., Simonenko M.A., Korneva L.O., Kilina D.A., Golovkin A.S., Kalinina O.V., Sitnikova М.Y., Nikolaev G.V., Кarpenko M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2018">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2018</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определить факторы риска развития гуморального отторжения миокарда (ГОМ) в течение первого года после трансплантации сердц а (ТС).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включено 162 пациента, перенесших ТС в ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В.А. Алмазова» в 2010–2024 гг. Анализ включал клинико-лабораторные, иммунологические и морфологические данные. Мониторинг сенсибилизации проводился методом мультиплексного анализа Luminex и твердофазного ИФА. Диагностика ГОМ осуществлялась на основе эндомиокардиальной биопсии с морфологическим и иммуногистохимическим анализом, в соответствии с классификацией ISHLT (2013). Гемодинамически значимое отторжение определяли при наличии AMR II–III в сочетании с признаками дисфункции трансплантата и/или выявлением донорспецифических антител (DSA). Пациенты были распределены на три группы: 1-я – без признаков ГОМ (контроль); 2-я – с изолированными морфологическими признаками ГОМ (AMR II); 3-я – с гемодинамически значимым ГОМ (AMR III или AMR II в сочетании с DSA и/или дисфункцией трансплантата по данным ЭхоКГ). Для оценки факторов, ассоциированных с развитием ГОМ, применен дискриминантный анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Морфологические признаки ГОМ выявлены у 36,2% пациентов, из них у 9,9% – гемодинамически значимое отторжение, потребовавшее специфической терапии. У пациентов с ГОМ до ТС достоверно чаще наблюдалась высокая сенсибилизация к HLA I и II классов (MFI &gt;5000; p &lt; 0,05), после ТС в течение 6–12 месяцев сохранялось статистически значимое превышение уровня de novo антител по сравнению с контрольной группой (p &lt; 0,05). Также у пациентов с ГОМ установлена ассоциация между сниженной концентрацией такролимуса в первые 2 недели (p = 0,002) и меньшими дозами антиметаболитов в первый месяц (p &lt; 0,001) после ТС. Дискриминантный анализ 15 переменных позволил построить дискриминантную модель, включившую 9 значимых признаков и позволяющую статистически достоверно различать пациентов с гемодинамически значимым отторжением от остальных групп: F(18,222) = 12,463; p &lt; 0,00001.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Высокий уровень сенсибилизации к HLA до трансплантации, субоптимальные уровни иммуносупрессии в раннем послеоперационном периоде, а также предикторы, включенные в модель дискриминантного анализа, ассоциированы с повышенным риском развития гемодинамически значимого ГОМ. Разработанная модель может быть использована для стратификации риска и индивидуализации наблюдения в посттрансплантационном периоде.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to identify risk factors for antibody-mediated myocardial rejection (AMR) during the first year following heart transplantation (HT). </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This retrospective study included 162 patients who underwent HT at Almazov National Medical Research Centre between 2010 and 2024. Clinical, laboratory, immunological, and morphological data were analyzed. Sensitization was assessed using Luminex multiplex assays and solid-phase ELISA. AMR was diagnosed based on endomyocardial biopsy with morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation in accordance with the 2013 ISHLT classification. Hemodynamically significant rejection was defined as AMR II–III in combination with graft dysfunction and/or the presence of donorspecific antibodies (DSA). Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) no sign of AMR (control); (2) isolated morphological signs of AMR (AMR II); and (3) hemodynamically significant AMR (AMR III, or AMR II with DSA and/or echocardiographic evidence of graft dysfunction). Discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with the development of AMR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Morphological signs of AMR were identified in 36.2% of patients, including 9.9% with hemodynamically significant rejection requiring specific therapy. Patients with AMR before HT showed significantly higher sensitization to HLA class I and II antigens (MFI &gt;5000; p &lt; 0.05), and following HT, a statistically significant excess of de novo antibodies persisted for 6–12 months compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, AMR was associated with lower tacrolimus levels during the first two weeks after HT (p = 0.002) and reduced antimetabolite doses in the first month post-transplant (p &lt; 0.001). Discriminant analysis of 15 variables yielded a model incorporating 9 significant predictors, enabling statistically reliable differentiation of patients with hemodynamically significant rejection from other groups (F(18,222) = 12.463; p &lt; 0.00001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. High levels of HLA sensitization before transplantation, suboptimal immunosuppression in the early postoperative period, and predictors identified in the discriminant analysis model are associated with an increased risk of developing hemodynamically significant AMR. The proposed model may be used for risk stratification and to individualize post-transplant follow-up.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация сердца</kwd><kwd>факторы риска гуморального отторжения</kwd><kwd>донорспецифические антитела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>antibody-mediated rejection risk factors</kwd><kwd>donor-specific antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-15-20016, https://rscf.ru/ project/24-15-20016/ и за счет гранта Санкт-Петербургского научного фонда (Договор № 24-15-20016 от 24.05.2024).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghpour Tabaei A, Hashemi P. 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