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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2026-1-154-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-2004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Донорство органов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Organ Donation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема ксенотрансплантации роговиц в офтальмологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Corneal xenotransplantation in ophthalmology: challenges and prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-6240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзенок</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzenok</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdborzenok@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svitichoa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-6370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керимов</surname><given-names>Т. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerimov</surname><given-names>T. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Керимов Тимур Захирович</p><p>127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бульвар, д. 59а. Тел. (499) 906-50-01</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timur Kerimov</p><p>59a, Beskudnikovskiy Bul’var, Moscow, 127486</p><p>Phone: (499) 906-50-01</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timkerimov2014@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс «Микрохирургия глаза» имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Борзенок С.А., Свитич О.А., Керимов Т.З., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Борзенок С.А., Свитич О.А., Керимов Т.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borzenok S.A., Svitich O.A., Kerimov T.Z.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2004">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/2004</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Настоящая работа посвящена оценке основных структурных характеристик роговицы индейки, критическому анализу полученных и литературных данных для определения потенциала применения данного ксеногенного материала при кератопластике. Подсчитано, что на сегодня количество пациентов, ожидающих кератопластику, составляет более 12 миллионов человек во всем мире. Основная причина длительного ожидания заключается в острой нехватке трупных донорских человеческих роговиц – необходимого материала для проведения кератопластики. Результаты последних исследований позволяют оптимистично охарактеризовать развивающееся направление ксеногенной кератопластики, однако количество изученных в мировой литературе животных-доноров на сегодня остается достаточно ограниченным. По этой причине была сформулирована цель настоящего исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: в эксперименте провести оценку основных структурных характеристик и возможности использования роговицы индейки (лат. Meleagris gallopavo) в качестве потенциального ксеногенного материала для селективной кератопластики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для выполнения данной цели использовали энуклеированные глазные яблоки индейки (n = 24), из которых были выделены роговично-склеральные комплексы (n = 24). На первом этапе проводили оценку особенностей микростроения роговицы индейки, для этого выполняли сканирующую электронную микроскопию и конфокальную микроскопию. На втором этапе оценивали возможность выкраивания роговичного ксенотрансплантата для глубокой передней послойной кератопластики. На третьем этапе оценивали возможность консервации полученного ксенотрансплантата, используя ксеногенный материал роговицы индейки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что роговица индейки представлена всеми основными слоями, характерными для роговицы человека. Установлено, что толщина роговицы индейки составляет 508 ± 33,5 мкм. Подтверждено наличие боуменовой мембраны. Показана возможность консервации роговицы индейки до 5 суток с сохранением высокой плотности эндотелиальных клеток. Продемонстрирована возможность заготовки ксенотрансплантата для глубокой передней послойной кератопластики из ксеногенного материала роговицы индейки.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ данных конфокальной микроскопии, сканирующей электронной микроскпии, а также оценка состояния ксенотрансплантата после гипотермической консервации позволяют охарактеризовать роговицу индейки как перспективный ксеногенный материал для селективной кератопластики с необходимостью дальнейшего изучения для возможности применения в реконструктивной хирургии роговицы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This paper evaluates the key structural characteristics of turkey cornea and critically analyzes both the obtained results and existing literature to assess the feasibility of using this xenogeneic material for keratoplasty. Currently, more than 12 million patients worldwide are awaiting keratoplasty. The prolonged waiting times is largely driven by severe shortage of cadaveric human corneas required for the procedure. Recent studies have generated growing optimism regarding the potential of xenogeneic keratoplasty; however, the number of animal donors studied to date remains quite limited. In light of this gap, the objective of this study was formulated.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to assess the main structural characteristics of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) cornea and to evaluate its potential use as a xenogeneic material for selective keratoplasty.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Corneoscleral buttons (n = 24) were isolated from enucleated turkey eyeballs. In the first stage, the corneal microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. In the second stage, the feasibility of cutting out a corneal xenograft suitable for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty was evaluated. In the third stage, the potential for preservation of the obtained xenografts using xenogeneic turkey corneal material was assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The turkey cornea was shown to possess all the principal layers characteristic of the human cornea. Its mean thickness was 508 ± 33.5 μm, and the presence of Bowman’s membrane was confirmed. Preservation of the turkey cornea for up to five days was feasible while maintaining a high endothelial cell density. In addition, the preparation of a xenograft suitable for deep Anterior lamellar keratoplasty from turkey corneal tissue was successfully demonstrated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Analysis using confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, together with assessment of xenograft integrity following hypothermic preservation, indicates that turkey cornea represents a promising xenogeneic material for selective keratoplasty. Further studies are warranted to assess its potential application in reconstructive corneal surgery.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>роговица</kwd><kwd>индейка</kwd><kwd>кератопластика</kwd><kwd>ксенотрансплантация</kwd><kwd>ксеноматериал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cornea</kwd><kwd>turkey</kwd><kwd>keratoplasty</kwd><kwd>xenotransplantation</kwd><kwd>xenogeneic material</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ackland P, Resnikoff S, Bourne R. World blindness and visual impairment: despite many successes, the problem is growing. Community Eye Health. 2017;30(100):71-73. PMID: 29483748; PMCID: PMC5820628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ackland P, Resnikoff S, Bourne R. World blindness and visual impairment: despite many successes, the problem is growing. 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