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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2025-3-173-203</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1994</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПОЧЕЧНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хроническая болезнь почек и заместительная почечная терапия в Российской Федерации в 2024 году. Ежегодный мониторинг Центра совершенствования оказания медицинской помощи по профилю «нефрология» ФГБУ «НМИЦ ТИО имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Status and trends in chronic kidney disease and renal replacement therapy in the Russian Federation: 2024 Report. Annual monitoring by the Center for Excellence in Medical Care in Nephrology at Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Готье</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gautier</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хомяков</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomyakov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хомяков Сергей Михайлович.</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p><p>Тел. (903) 150-89-55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey M. Khomyakov.</p><p>1, Schukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182</p><p>Phone: (903) 150-89-55</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">profkom_transpl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цирульникова</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsirulnikova</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2128-8560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеботарева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chebotareva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеботарева Наталья Викторовна - заведующий ЦСОМП по нефрологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natasha_tcheb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>173</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Готье С.В., Хомяков С.М., Цирульникова О.М., Чеботарева Н.В., Круглов Д.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Готье С.В., Хомяков С.М., Цирульникова О.М., Чеботарева Н.В., Круглов Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gautier S.V., Khomyakov S.M., Tsirulnikova O.M., Chebotareva N.V., Kruglov D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1994">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1994</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: разработать ежегодный мониторинг состояния и тенденций развития медицинской помощи по профилю «нефрология» в субъектах РФ, провести мониторинг за 2024 г. Материалы и методы. Разработан комплекс показателей, проведено анкетирование профильных главных внештатных специалистов в субъектах РФ. Выполнен анализ полученных данных. Результаты. В 2024 г. в РФ функционировало 706 центров гемодиализа и 49 центров трансплантации почки. В 2024 г. на заместительной почечной терапии (ЗПТ) находилось 73 483 пациента, из них 76,6% пациентов получали лечение гемодиализом (ГД), 2,7% – перитонеальным диализом (ПД), 20,6% пациентов наблюдались с трансплантированной почкой (ТП). Трансплантации почки в 2024 году (всего 1943) были проведены в 49 центрах в 38 субъектах РФ. Показатель обеспеченности ЗПТ в целом по РФ в 2024 г. был равен 503,2 пациента на 1 млн населения, ГД – 385,7, ПД – 13,7 и ТП – 103,8. В 2024 г. 81,9% пациентов получали терапию гемодиализом через артериовенозную фистулу, 3,6% – через временный, 12,1% – через постоянный центральный венозный катетер, и у 2,4% больных были установлены сосудистые протезы. В РФ в 2024 г. функционировало 537 кабинетов врачей-нефрологов, амбулаторный прием осуществляли 690 врачей, показатель обеспеченности амбулаторными врачами-нефрологами составляет 0,24 на 50 тыс. населения, что значительно ниже норматива врачебного персонала. Стационарное лечение больных хронической болезнью почек (ХБП) додиализных стадий обеспечивали 263 отделения с общей мощностью коек 5039 (0,35 на 10 тыс. населения). Морфологическое исследование биоптата почки, как один из показателей помощи в стационаре, самостоятельно проводилось в 38 регионах РФ; биопсия почки была выполнена 2,5% госпитализированных в стационар пациентов, что составляет в среднем 32,8 на 1 млн населения. Заключение. Разработан дизайн для проведения ежегодного мониторинга, отработано взаимодействие с регионами, благодаря чему собраны интересующие данные о состоянии нефрологической помощи в РФ в 2024 г. В РФ отсутствует дефицит диализных мест, больший процент пациентов получают заместительную почечную терапию методом гемодиализа, что сопряжено с большими финансовыми затратами национального здравоохранения. Высокая доля людей трудоспособного возраста (62,4%) среди пациентов на гемодиализе обосновывает социальную и экономическую значимость данной проблемы для государства и общества. Число трансплантаций почки в РФ ежегодно увеличивается, но выполняемые объемы пока не закрывают всю потребность и лишь частично сдерживают расходы на заместительную почечную терапию. Развитие перитонеального диализа, особенно в регионах с низкой плотностью населения, может иметь преимущества перед гемодиализом. Однако оптимальным методом заместительной почечной терапии у больных ХБП является трансплантация почки, что обосновывает целесообразность дальнейшего расширения географии центров и увеличения объемов медицинской помощи по трансплантации почки. Ежегодный мониторинг ключевых показателей нефрологической помощи больным на всех стадиях хронической болезни почек будет продолжен с учетом всех рекомендаций и дополнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to establish and conduct annual monitoring of the status and development trends in nephrology care across the federal subjects of the Russian Federation for the year 2024. Materials and methods. A comprehensive set of indicators was developed, and a structured survey was administered among leading freelance nephrology specialists across the regions. The collected data were systematically analyzed. Results. In 2024, the Russian Federation operated 706 hemodialysis (HD) centers and 49 kidney transplant (KT) centers. A total of 73,483 patients were receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT), of whom 76.6% were on HD, 2.7% on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and 20.6% were being monitored with a functioning kidney transplant. During the year, 1,943 KTs were performed across 49 centers in 38 regions. The overall RRT availability in the Russian Federation was 503.2 patients per million population (pmp), with HD at 385.7 pmp, PD at 13.7 pmp, and KT at 103.8 pmp. Among patients receiving HD in 2024, 81.9% were treated via arteriovenous fistula, 12.1% through permanent central venous catheter, 3.6% via temporary catheter, and 2.4% using vascular prostheses. In 2024, the Russian Federation had 537 nephrology outpatient offices, staffed by 690 physicians providing specialized care. The ratio of outpatient nephrologists to the population was 0.24 per 50,000, significantly below the recommended standard for medical personnel. Inpatient care for patients with pre-dialysis stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was delivered through 263 departments, comprising a total of 5,039 beds (equivalent to 0.35 beds per 10,000 population). Morphological evaluation of kidney biopsies – an important indicator of inpatient nephrological care – was independently conducted in 38 regions. Kidney biopsies were performed in 2.5% of patients hospitalized in inpatient facilities, translating to an average of 32.8 biopsies per million population. Conclusion. An annual monitoring framework has been successfully developed, with active collaboration established across regional centers, enabling the collection of up-to-date data on nephrological care in the Russian Federation for 2024. There is no current shortage of dialysis facilities, and a significant proportion of patients receive RRT via HD, an approach that places considerable financial burden on the national healthcare system. The high proportion of working-age individuals (62.4%) among HD patients underscores the substantial socio-economic impact of CKD and its treatment on both the state and society. Although the number of KTs continues to rise annually, current transplant volumes remain insufficient to fully meet demand and only partially offset the growing costs associated with RRT. Expanding the use of PD, particularly in sparsely populated regions, may offer advantages over HD. Nonetheless, KT remains the optimal treatment modality for patients with end-stage CKD, supporting the need to further expand transplant infrastructure and increase access to this intervention. The continuation of annual monitoring across all stages of CKD will allow for data-driven improvements in care delivery, incorporating emerging recommendations and regional insights.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефрологическая помощь</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>мониторинг больных ХБП</kwd><kwd>сосудистый доступ для диализа</kwd><kwd>заместительная почечная терапия</kwd><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>перитонеальный диализ</kwd><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>НМИЦ ТИО им. акад. В.И. Шумакова</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nephrological care</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>CKD patient monitoring</kwd><kwd>vascular access for dialysis</kwd><kwd>renal replacement therapy</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>peritoneal dialysis</kwd><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O’Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease – a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 2016; 11: e0158765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O’Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease – a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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