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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2026-1-242-254</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1988</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Имплантаты и искусственные органы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Implants and Artificial Organs</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние паттернов кальцификации створчатых аппаратов на биомеханику биопротезов митрального клапана сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>nfluence of leaflet calcification patterns on the biomechanics of bioprosthetic mitral valves</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-2873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онищенко</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onishchenko</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Онищенко Павел Сергеевич</p><p>650002, Кемерово, бульвар Академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6. Тел. (3842) 34-55-86, доб. 6488</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel Onishchenko</p><p>6, Akademika Barbarasha bul’var, Kemerovo, 650002</p><p>Phone: (3842) 34-55-86, ext. 6488</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onis.pavel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-1250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клышников</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyshnikov</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klyshku@kemcardio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушкова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glushtv@kemcardio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6099-0315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюнин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyunin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostae@kemcardio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-3610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбараш</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbarash</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">barbol@kemcardio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7477-3979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчаренко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovcharenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovchea@kemcardio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>242</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Онищенко П.С., Клышников К.Ю., Глушкова Т.В., Костюнин А.Е., Барбараш О.Л., Овчаренко Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Онищенко П.С., Клышников К.Ю., Глушкова Т.В., Костюнин А.Е., Барбараш О.Л., Овчаренко Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Onishchenko P.S., Klyshnikov K.Y., Glushkova T.V., Kostyunin A.E., Barbarash O.L., Ovcharenko E.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1988">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1988</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: на основе собственной коллекции эксплантированных биопротезов клапанов серд ца выявить типичные паттерны расположения кальция и оценить их влияние на биомеханику изделия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе анализировали 33 створки биопротезов митральной позиции, которые были эксплантированы планово по причине развившейся структурной клапанной дегенерации. Основой для исследования стали МСКТ-изображения каждой отдельной створки, содержащие участки патологической кальцификации. Локализацию данных участков кальция определяли по проекциям сверху с использованием порогового значения 130 единиц рентгенологической плотности HU. Далее проводили кластеризацию всего набора данных по критерию количества пикселей, соответствующих кальцинированным. Были выделены три основных класса: отсутствие, слабая и выраженная кальцификация протеза. В соответствии с каждым вариантом формировали трехмерную компьютерную модель, биомеханику которой исследовали численно в серии экспериментов компьютерного моделирования методом конечных элементов. В расчет включали опорный каркас и три створки, на которые прилагали физиологические граничные условия, моделирующие давление в левом предсердии и желудочке. В исследовании оценивали максимальное главное напряжение и деформацию и эпюры их распределения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Отмечено незначительное снижение средних величин напряжения и деформации в «интактной» при кальцификации двух других створок: с 0,319 до 0,303 МПа и с 0,134 до 0,130 мм/мм. Увеличение доли кальция снижало пиковые значения этих показателей: с 2,884 до 2,117 МПа и с 0,384 до 0,333 мм/мм соответственно. Выявлено совпадение паттерна кальцификации с зонами напряжения, превышавшей на 40–50% среднее значение по створке. При солокализации кластеров слабой или выраженной кальцификации на одной или двух створках наблюдали качественное изменение характера смыкания – «захлест» минерализованных на «интактные».</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные результаты указывают на взаимосвязь напряженно-деформированного состояния створок и расположения областей кальцификации. Увеличение объема кальция до 28% не оказывает существенного воздействия на средние напряжения и деформации, однако снижает их пиковые значения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to identify characteristic patterns of calcium distribution in explanted bioprosthetic heart valves and evaluate their influence on the biomechanics of the device.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Thirty-three bioprosthetic mitral valve leaflets explanted due to structural valve degeneration were analyzed. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) images were used to identify pathological calcification within each leaflet. Calcified regions were segmented from top-view projections using a radiographic density threshold of 130 HU. The resulting dataset was clustered according to the number of pixels representing calcified areas, yielding three distinct classes: no calcification, mild calcification, and severe calcification. For each class, a three-dimensional computational model of the bioprosthesis was constructed. Biomechanical behavior was evaluated numerically in a series of computer simulation experiments using the finite element method. Each model included the supporting frame and three valve leaflets, with physiologically relevant boundary conditions simulating pressures in the left atrium and left ventricle. The analysis assessed maximum principal stress, strain, and their spatial distribution across the prosthesis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Calcification of one or two valve leaflets resulted in a slight reduction in the average stress and strain values of the intact leaflet – from 0.319 to 0.303 MPa and from 0.134 to 0.130 mm/mm, respectively. Increased calcium content also lowered the peak stress and strain values, from 2.884 to 2.117 MPa and from 0.384 to 0.333 mm/mm. A clear relationship was observed between calcification pattern and local stress concentrations, which exceeded the leaflet’s mean stress values by 40–50%. Co-localization of mild or severe calcification clusters on one or two leaflets produced qualitative alterations in the closure mechanism, including «overlap» of mineralized leaflets over adjacent intact ones.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The findings demonstrate a relationship between the stress–strain behavior of bioprosthetic valve leaflets and the spatial pattern of calcification. While an increase in calcium volume up to 28% does not substantially affect mean stress or strain values, it significantly reduces their peak values.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митральный клапан</kwd><kwd>биопротез клапана сердца</kwd><kwd>кальцификация</kwd><kwd>МСКТ-сегментация</kwd><kwd>кластеризация</kwd><kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd><kwd>биомеханика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mitral valve</kwd><kwd>bioprosthetic heart valve</kwd><kwd>calcification</kwd><kwd>MSCT segmentation</kwd><kwd>clustering</kwd><kwd>finite element method</kwd><kwd>biomechanics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках фундаментальной научно-исследовательской работы НИИ КПССЗ по теме: «Молекулярные, клеточные и биомеханические механизмы патогенеза сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в разработке новых методов лечения заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы на основе персонифицированной фармакотерапии, внедрения малоинвазивных медицинских изделий, биоматериалов и тканеинженерных имплантатов», шифр темы 0419-2022-0001.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокерия ЛА, Милиевская ЕБ, Прянишников ВВ, Юрлов ИА. 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