vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2025-3-160-172vtio-1979Research ArticleЗАМЕСТИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПОЧЕЧНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯRENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPYФакторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек на заместительной почечной терапииCardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease patients on renal replacement therapyСеменоваЮ. В.SemenovaYu. V.

Семенова Юлия Викторовна.

123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1

Тел. (985) 250-72-82

Yulia V. Semenova.

1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182

Phone: (985) 250-72-82

julie11.89@mail.ruМиронковБ. Л.MironkovB. L.

Миронков Борис Леонтьевич.

Москва

Moscow

mironkov@rambler.ruПозЯ. Л.PozYa. L.

Поз Яков Львович.

Москва

Moscow

dr.poz@list.ruСтроковА. Г.StrokovA. G.

Строков Александр Григорьевич.

Москва

Moscow

strokov_a_g@staff.sechenov.ruФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian Federation202503092025273160172Copyright © Семенова Ю.В., Миронков Б.Л., Поз Я.Л., Строков А.Г., 20252025Семенова Ю.В., Миронков Б.Л., Поз Я.Л., Строков А.Г.Semenova Y.V., Mironkov B.L., Poz Y.L., Strokov A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1979

Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) являются основной причиной смерти пациентов с терминальной почечной недостаточностью (ТПН). Факторы сердечно-сосудистого риска у пациентов с ТПН можно разделить на традиционные (немодифицируемые: мужской пол, возраст старше 65 лет для мужчин и старше 75 лет для женщин, отягощенная наследственность; модифицируемые: артериальная гипертензия, сахарный диабет, дислипидемия, курение, ожирение, малоактивный образ жизни), «почечные» (анемия, хроническая гипергидратация, минерально-костные нарушения, хроническое воспаление, электролитные нарушения, оксидативный стресс) и специфичные для пациентов после трансплантации почки (иммуносупрессивная терапия, нарушения функции пересаженной почки). Факторы риска, связанные с почечной патологией и иммуносупрессивной терапией после трансплантации почки, играют ключевую роль, сопоставимую с традиционными факторами риска ССЗ. Раннее выявление и коррекция этих факторов являются критически важными для профилактики развития ССЗ в данной популяции пациентов.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The risk factors for CVD in this population can be categorized into three main groups: traditional (nonmodifiable factors such as male gender, age over 65 years in men and over 75 years in women, and a family history of cardiovascular disease; modifiable factors encompass hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity), renal-specific (anemia, chronic fluid overload, mineral and bone disorders, chronic inflammation, electrolyte imbalances, and oxidative stress), and transplant-specific (immunosuppressive therapy and graft dysfunction). Risk factors related to renal pathology and immunosuppressive therapy following kidney transplantation play a role comparable in significance to traditional CVD risk factors. Early detection and management of these factors are critical for reducing CVD incidence in this patient population.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.