vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2025-2-89-99vtio-1975Research ArticleТрансплантация сердца и вспомогательное кровообращениеHeart Transplantation and Assisted CirculationДлительная механическая поддержка кровообращения: исторический путь, современные достижения и перспективыLong-term mechanical circulatory support: evolution, present milestones, and future directionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-2480БангаровР. Ю.BangarovR. Yu.

Бангаров Ризван Юннадиевич, врач - сердечно-сосудистый хирург

404120, Волжский, ул. Генерала Карбышева, д. 86

Rizvan Yu. Bangarov

86, Generala Karbysheva str., Volzhsky, 404120

rizvan.bangarov@yandex.ruХалилулинТ. А.KhalilulinT. A.

Москва

Moscow

ЗахаревичВ. М.ZakharevichV. M.

Москва

Moscow

ГалеевШ. Р.GaleevSh. R.

Волжский

Volzhsky

НабиевГ. В.NabievG. V.

Волжский

Volzhsky

Филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияVolzhsky Branch of Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian Federation2025120720252728999Copyright © Бангаров Р.Ю., Халилулин Т.А., Захаревич В.М., Галеев Ш.Р., Набиев Г.В., 20252025Бангаров Р.Ю., Халилулин Т.А., Захаревич В.М., Галеев Ш.Р., Набиев Г.В.Bangarov R.Y., Khalilulin T.A., Zakharevich V.M., Galeev S.R., Nabiev G.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1975Цель

Цель: изучить исторический путь развития, современные достижения и перспективы устройств длительной механической поддержки кровообращения (ДМПК) в лечении терминальной сердечной недостаточности.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ клинических исследований (MOMENTUM 3, INTERMACS, EUROMACS), исторических данных и технологических разработок в области ДМПК. Рассмотрены три поколения устройств: пульсирующие насосы (1-е поколение), аксиальные насосы (2-е поколение), цен- тробежные насосы с магнитной левитацией (3-е поколение). Оценены показатели выживаемости, час- тота осложнений (тромбозы, инфекции, правожелудочковая недостаточность), а также отечественные разработки.

Результаты

Результаты. Устройства третьего поколения (HeartMate III) демонстрируют двухлетнюю выживаемость 82%, риск тромбоза насоса менее 1%. Осложнения включают инфекции кабеля (10–15%), правожелудочковую недостаточность (20–40%) и кровотечения (15–20%). Отечественные системы (СТРИМ КАРДИО) соответствуют второму поколению, но отстают в миниатюризации и клинических испытаниях. Беспроводные технологии (Leviticus FiVAD) и полностью имплантируемые системы (Carmat Aeson) от- крывают новые перспективы.

Заключение

Заключение. Современные ДМПК стали жизнеспособной альтернативой трансплантации сердца, особенно для пациентов, не являющихся кандидатами на пересадку. Ключевые направления развития – миниатюризация, беспроводные технологии и интеграция искусственного интел- лекта. Преодоление системных ограничений, включая риск инфекций и правожелудочковой недостаточ- ности, определит будущее ДМПК.

Objective

Objective: to examine the historical evolution, current advancements, and future prospects of long-term mecha nical circulatory support (LT-MCS) devices in the management of end-stage heart failure.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. An analysis was conducted on clinical studies (MOMENTUM 3, INTERMACS, EUROMACS), historical records, and technological progress in the field of LT-MCS. The review covered three generations of devices: pulsatile pumps (first generation), axial-flow pumps (second generation), and centrifugal pumps with magnetic levitation (third generation). Key outcomes evaluated included survival rates, complication rates (thrombosis, infections, right ventricular failure), and developments within national technology.

Results

Results. The HeartMate III third-generation device has a 2-year survival rate of 82% with a pump thrombosis risk of less than 1%. However, complications remain, including driveline infections (10–15%), right ventricular failure (20–40%), and bleeding events (15–20%). Domestic systems (Stream Cardio) are comparable to second-generation devices but lag in terms of miniaturization and clinical trials. Emerging technologies like the Leviticus FiVAD wireless energy transfer system and the Carmat Aeson fully implantable artificial heart are opening up promising new directions for the future of mechanical circulatory support.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Modern LT-MCS systems have emerged as a via- ble alternative to heart transplantation (HT), particularly for patients who are not candidates for HT. Key areas of ongoing development include device miniaturization, wireless energy transfer technologies, and integration of artificial intelligence. The future of LT-MCS will largely depend on overcoming current system limitations, notably the risks of infection and right ventricular failure.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.