vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2025-4-110-124vtio-1969Research ArticleРегенеративная медицина и клеточные технологииRegenerative Medicine and Cell TechnologiesМезенхимальные стромальные клетки при хронических фиброзирующих заболеваниях печени: роль в патогенезе и при терапевтическом примененииPathogenic and therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cells in liver fibrosisОнищенкоН. А.OnishchenkoN. A.

Москва

Moscow

ШагидулинМ. Ю.ShagidulinM. Yu.

Шагидулин Мурат Юнусович

123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1

Murat Shagidulin

Address: 1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182

dr.shagidulin@mail.ruВанюковаA. А.VaniukovaA. A.

Москва

Moscow

КузьминаА. В.KuzminaA. V.

Москва

Moscow

НикольскаяА. О.NikolskayaA. O.

Москва

Moscow

ВолковаЕ. А.VolkovaE. A.

Москва

Moscow

КостышеваА. И.KostyshevaA. I.

Москва

Moscow

ЛычагинИ. А.LychaginI. A.

Москва

Moscow

КазанцеваК. А.KazantsevaK. A.

Москва

Moscow

ИбрагимоваМ. Р.IbragimovaM. R.

Москва

Moscow

ГригорьевА. М.GrigorievA. M.

Москва

Moscow

ПономареваА. С.PonomarevaA. S.

Москва

Moscow

БасокЮ. Б.BasokYu. B.

Москва

Moscow

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs$ Sechenov UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)РоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России,РоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)РоссияSechenov UniversityRussian Federation202510012026274110124Copyright © Онищенко Н.А., Шагидулин М.Ю., Ванюкова A.А., Кузьмина А.В., Никольская А.О., Волкова Е.А., Костышева А.И., Лычагин И.А., Казанцева К.А., Ибрагимова М.Р., Григорьев А.М., Пономарева А.С., Басок Ю.Б., 20262026Онищенко Н.А., Шагидулин М.Ю., Ванюкова A.А., Кузьмина А.В., Никольская А.О., Волкова Е.А., Костышева А.И., Лычагин И.А., Казанцева К.А., Ибрагимова М.Р., Григорьев А.М., Пономарева А.С., Басок Ю.Б.Onishchenko N.A., Shagidulin M.Y., Vaniukova A.A., Kuzmina A.V., Nikolskaya A.O., Volkova E.A., Kostysheva A.I., Lychagin I.A., Kazantseva K.A., Ibragimova M.R., Grigoriev A.M., Ponomareva A.S., Basok Y.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1969

Цель: провести сравнительный анализ биорегуляторной роли мезенхимальных стромальных клеток (МСК) печени в норме, при остром и хроническом повреждении печени с развитием деструктивных фиброзирующих процессов, а также при коррекции структурных нарушений в печени путем имплантации в организм экзогенных МСК из здоровых тканей. Анализ показал, что МСК в печени поддерживают ее структурный гомеостаз, взаимодействуя с тканевыми миофибробластами и мигрирующими клетками иммунной системы. При остром повреждении печени, не истощающем резервы тканевой адаптации, печеночные (резидентные) МСК регуляторно поддерживают тканевой гомеостаз. При хроническом повреждении печени, истощающем резервы тканевой адаптации, наступает активация иммунных клеток и печеночных МСК, которые индуцируют воспаление печени и переход МСК в миофибробласты. Миофибробласты, становясь активированными фибробластами, начинают продуцировать избыточные количества внеклеточного матрикса и участвовать в активации процессов фиброзирования печени. Экзогенные апоптотические МСК из здоровых ауто- или аллогенных тканей при введении в организм при хроническом повреждении печени способны восполнить дефицит регуляторных факторов, а также восстановить регуляцию метаболизма и структурного гомеостаза в печени за счет выделяемых ими паракринных и трофических факторов. Экзогенные МСК позволяют надежно восстановить метаболизм и структурный гомеостаз в печени, если перед использованием дополнительно усилить их регуляторную активность и если не применять их у реципиентов с необратимым повреждением печени.

The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the bioregulatory role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the liver under physiological conditions, in acute and chronic injury with fibrotic remodeling, and during therapeutic correction by implanting exogenous MSCs from healthy tissues into the body. The analysis showed that hepatic MSCs maintain structural homeostasis by interacting with tissue myofibroblasts and migrating immune cells. In acute liver injury that does not deplete adaptive reserves, hepatic (resident) MSCs regulate tissue homeostasis.. Chronic injury that depletes adaptive reserves activates both immune cells and hepatic MSCs, leading to liver inflammation and the transdifferentiation of MSCs into myofibroblasts. These activated fibroblasts overproduce extracellular matrix components, thereby driving liver fibrosis progression. Exogenous apoptotic MSCs from healthy auto- or allogeneic tissues, when administered in cases of chronic liver injury, can compensate for deficient regulatory factors and restore metabolic regulation and structural homeostasis through their paracrine and trophic activity. Their therapeutic potential is maximized when their regulatory properties are enhanced prior to administration and when applied in recipients without irreversible liver injury.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.