vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2025-2-171-178vtio-1954Research ArticleТрансплантомикаTransplantomicsМолекулярная диагностика отторжения трансплантата у реципиентов сердца: векторы развития и перспективы клинического примененияMolecular diagnostics of cardiac allograft rejection: development pathways and future clinical prospectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8742-5102ВеликийД. А.VelikiyD D.

Великий Дмитрий Алексеевич

123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1

Dmitriy D. Velikiy

1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182

dim_vel@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-9136ШарапченкоС. О.SharapchenkoS. O.

Шарапченко Софья Олеговна

Москва

Sofya O. Sharapchenko

Moscow

nyashka1512@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-9486ШевченкоА. О.ShevchenkoA. O.

Шевченко Алексей Олегович

Москва

Alexey O. Shevchenko

Moscow

alxxshevchenko@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-6465ШевченкоО. П.ShevchenkoO. P.

Шевченко Ольга Павловна

Москва

Olga P. Shevchenko

Moscow

 

transplant2009@mail.ruФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет); ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)РоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian FederationRussian Federation202512072025272171178Copyright © Великий Д.А., Шарапченко С.О., Шевченко А.О., Шевченко О.П., 20252025Великий Д.А., Шарапченко С.О., Шевченко А.О., Шевченко О.П.Velikiy D.D., Sharapchenko S.O., Shevchenko A.O., Shevchenko O.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1954

Современные достижения в области молекулярных методов диагностики открывают возможность интег- рировать генетические и эпигенетические биомаркеры в клиническую практику. Последние годы получили развитие такие направления исследований, как анализ профиля экспрессии генов, определение внеклеточ- ной ДНК и оценка экспрессии микроРНК. Показан диагностический потенциал молекулярно-генетических биомаркеров при различных патологических состояниях. Появляются первые данные клинических иссле- дований об использовании молекулярных методов диагностики для выявления посттрансплантационных осложнений у реципиентов солидных органов. У реципиентов сердца оценка молекулярно-генетических, эпигенетических и клинических показателей необходима для персонифицированного подбора иммуносуп- рессивной терапии и предотвращения развития дисфункции и васкулопатии трансплантата. В настоящем обзоре суммированы современные представления о молекулярной диагностике отторжения трансплантата у реципиентов сердца и перспективах ее клинического применения.

Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have opened new avenues for integrating genetic and epigenetic bio- markers into clinical practice. Areas such as gene expression profiling, extracellular DNA quantification, and microRNA expression analysis have seen significant development in recent years. The diagnostic value of mo- lecular genetic biomarkers has been demonstrated across a range of pathological conditions. Emerging clinical data now support the use of molecular diagnostics to detect post-transplant complications in recipients of solid organ transplants. In heart transplant recipients, a comprehensive assessment that includes molecular genetics, epigenetic, and clinical parameters is essential for personalized selection of immunosuppressive therapy and for prevention of graft dysfunction and vasculopathy. This review highlights the current state of molecular diagnostics in cardiac allograft rejection and explores its potential for clinical application.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.