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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2025-4-24-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1950</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая трансплантология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Transplantology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рациональный выбор поддерживающей иммуносупрессивной терапии после трансплантации печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimizing maintenance immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасимова Ольга Анатольевна. д.м.н., вед. научный сотр. группы трансплантологии ФГБУ РНЦРХТ, заведующая амбулаторным центром трансплантологии, гепатологии и нефрологии</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 70. </p><p> </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Gerasimova</p><p>Address: 70, Leningradskaya str., Pesochnyy, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ren321@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тилеубергенов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tileubergenov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуйков</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuykov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова» Минздрава РФ; &#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies; &#13;
St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Герасимова О.А., Марченко Н.В., Тилеубергенов И.И., Жуйков В.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Герасимова О.А., Марченко Н.В., Тилеубергенов И.И., Жуйков В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gerasimova O.A., Marchenko N.V., Tileubergenov I.I., Zhuykov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1950">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1950</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: обоснование рационального выбора поддерживающей иммуносупрессивной терапии после трансплантации печени (ТП)</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включили 42 реципиента печени от посмертного донора, наблюдавшихся в сроки от 1 мес. до 15 лет после ТП. Средний возраст на момент ТП 49,4 ± 7,0 года. Все пациенты получали эверолимус в сочетании с низкими дозами такролимуса пролонгированного действия. Эверолимус назначен при нефротоксичности такролимуса (13 чел.), гепатоцеллюлярном раке (ГЦР) в анамнезе (21 чел.), развитии злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) иной локализации de novo (8 чел.). Целевые концентрации такролимуса – 2–3 нг/мл, эверолимуса – 3–8 нг/мл. Оценивали нежелательные явления эверолимуса, динамику концентрации холестерина в сыворотке крови через 12, 36, 60 и 120 мес. от конверсии на эту схему по сравнению с данными от 20 случайно выбранных реципиентов на монотерапии такролимусом. Скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) рассчитывали по CKD-EPI в те же периоды наблюдения. Жесткость печени в kPa определили методом транзиентной эластографии однократно ко времени завершения исследования. В случае ГЦР в анамнезе учитывали исходный уровень альфа-фетопротеина (АФП).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Длительное применение эверолимуса с низкими дозами такролимуса пролонгированного действия не привело к ухудшению функции почек (СКФ в начале 84,13 ± 16,70 мл/мин/1,73 м2 и в конце периода наблюдения 84,99 ± 21,30 мл/мин/1,73 м2 достоверно не отличалась), но уровень холестерина в сыворотке крови оставался достоверно выше, чем при использовании монотерапии такролимусом (5,7 ± 0,91 ммоль/л против 4,01 ± 1,21 через 12 мес. наблюдения и 5,52 ± 1,51 ммоль/л против 4,58 ± 0,72 у пациентов на терапии 120 мес.). Из 21 чел. с анамнезом ГЦР рецидив или прогрессирование произошли у 6 пациентов (30%), что зависело от исходного уровня АФП перед ТП – 429,2 ± 306,9 Ме/мл (Z = 4,2, p = 0,0001). Жесткость печени, измеренная однократно в конечной точке ретроспективного исследования, составила 4,8 ± 1,8 kPa (F0–1 по METAVIR).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Длительное применение поддерживающей иммуносупрессивной терапии после ТП, сочетающей прием низких доз такролимуса пролонгированного действия с эверолимусом, безопасно, профилактирует нефротоксичность ингибиторов кальциневрина (ИКН), не предотвращает рецидив ГЦР, который зависит от биологической активности опухоли.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to justify the rational selection of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy following liver transplantation (LT).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 42 recipients of deceased donor liver grafts, observed for periods ranging from 1 month to 15 years LT. The mean age at transplantation was 49.4 ± 7.0 years. All patients received everolimus in combination with low-dose extended-release tacrolimus. Indications for everolimus therapy were tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity (n = 13), history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 21), and development of de novo malignancies at non-hepatic sites (n = 8). Target trough concentrations were 2–3 ng/mL for tacrolimus and 3–8 ng/mL for everolimus. Adverse events of everolimus and serum cholesterol dynamics were assessed at 12, 36, 60, and 120 months after conversion to this regimen, and compared with data from 20 randomly selected recipients maintained on tacrolimus monotherapy. Estimated glomerular ﬁltration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation at the same time points. Liver stiﬀness (kPa) was measured by transient elastography once at study completion. In patients with a history of HCC, baseline alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were also taken into account.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Long-term use of everolimus with low-dose extended-release tacrolimus did not impair renal function (baseline GFR: 84.13 ± 16.70 mL/min/1.73 m2; ﬁnal GFR: 84.99 ± 21.30 mL/min/1.73 m2). However, serum cholesterol levels were consistently higher compared with tacrolimus monotherapy (12 months: 5.7 ± 0.91 vs 4.01 ± 1.21 mmol/L; 120 months: 5.52 ± 1.51 vs 4.58 ± 0.72 mmol/L). Among 21 patients with a history of HCC, recurrence or progression occurred in 6 patients (30%), which was associated with elevated baseline AFP levels prior to LT (429.2 ± 306.9 U/mL; Z = 4.2, p = 0.0001). Liver stiﬀness, assessed once at the endpoint of the retrospective study, averaged 4.8 ± 1.8 kPa, corresponding to F0–1 by the METAVIR scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Long-term maintenance therapy with everolimus combined with low-dose extended-release tacrolimus after LT is safe and helps mitigate calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity. Nevertheless, this regimen does not prevent recurrent HCC, which depends on the biological activity of the tumor.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>эверолимус</kwd><kwd>такролимус пролонгированного действия</kwd><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации</kwd><kwd>гиперхолестеринемия</kwd><kwd>жесткость печени</kwd><kwd>альфа-фетопротеин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>everolimus</kwd><kwd>extended-release tacrolimus</kwd><kwd>glomerular filtration rate</kwd><kwd>hypercholesterolemia</kwd><kwd>liver stiﬀness</kwd><kwd>alpha-fetoprotein</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Gelder T. ESOT Advisory Committee on Generic Substitution. European Society for Organ Transplantation Advisory Committee recommendations on generic substitution of immunosuppressive drugs. 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PMID: 38450290; PMCID: PMC10912712.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
