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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2025-2-69-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1915</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Трансплантация сердца и вспомогательное кровообращение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Heart Transplantation and Assisted Circulation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние несовпадений по антигенам MHC на развитие раннего посттрансплантационного острого криза отторжения донорского сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Impact of MHC mismatches on the development of early posttransplant acute heart rejection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спиридонов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spiridonov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спиридонов Сергей Викторович, лавный внештатный кардиохирург МЗ РБ, заместитель директора по хирургической помощи </p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.spiridonov79@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыркунов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyrkunov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыркунов Артем Игоревич, студент 5 курса лечебного факультета, член Студенческого научного общества </p><p>220036, Минск, ул. Розы Люксембург, д. 110б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem I. Tsyrkunov</p><p>110b, Rose Luxembourg str., Minsk, 220036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cir.a@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колядко</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koliadko</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колядко Марина Георгиевна, заведующий клинико-диагностической лабораторией, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkaliadka@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивец</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivets</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сивец Ирина Сергеевна, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики (заведующий) лабораторией HLA-типирования органов и тканей РНПЦ трансфузиологии и медицинскихбиотехнологий</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sis@blood.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Островский</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrovsky</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Островский Юрий Петрович, академик НАН Беларуси, иностранный член РАН, доктор медициских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по инновационному развитию и высоким технологиям, заслуженный врач Республики Беларусь </p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">j.p.ostrovskij@cardio.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр «Кардиология»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center «Cardiology»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр трансфузиологии и медицинских технологий»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Transfusiology and Medical Biotechnology</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Спиридонов С.В., Цыркунов А.И., Колядко М.Г., Сивец И.С., Островский Ю.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спиридонов С.В., Цыркунов А.И., Колядко М.Г., Сивец И.С., Островский Ю.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spiridonov S.V., Tsyrkunov A.I., Koliadko M.G., Sivets I.S., Ostrovsky Y.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1915">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1915</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: проанализировать влияние несовпадений по MHC с учетом национальности и возраста реципиентов на развитие криза отторжения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование: итоговый анализ включал 264 реципиента и 264 соответствующих донора. HLA-типирование проводилось серологическим и молекулярно-генетическим (SSР) методами. Оценивалось наличие несовпадений по следующим генам I и II класса MHC: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1. Дополнительно учитывались возраст и национальность реципиентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наличие несовпадений по I классу МHC (HLA-A, B) не влияет на наличие острого криза отторжения. Наличие несовпадений по II классу MHC (HLA-DRB1, DQB1) достоверно влияет (χ2 = 6,790; df = 1; p = 0,009) на развитие острого криза отторжения, отношение шансов (ОШ) составляет 5,69 (доверительный интервал (ДИ) 95% 1,32–24,50). Возраст реципиента достоверно влияет (χ2 = 8,200; df = 1; p = 0,004) на развитие острого криза отторжения. Получено, что возраст младше 45 лет вызывает развитие отторжения в 34,8%, что на 18,9% больше, чем при возрасте реципиента 45 и старше, ОШ – 2,30 (ДИ 95% 1,29–4,10). Достоверно установлено, что разница в национальной принадлежности донора и реципиента влияет на развитие острого криза отторжения (χ2 = 4,660; df = 1; p = 0,031), ОШ равняется 2,00 (ДИ 95% 1,06–3,79). Данные, полученные с учетом всех трех вышеперечисленных факторов, подтвердили, что именно наличие несовпадений достоверно влияет на развитие острого криза отторжения трансплантата в подгруппе реципиентов белорусской национальности младше 45 лет (χ2 = 4,068; df = 1; p = 0,044) и иных национальностей (русских, израильтян, грузин, армян, узбеков, казахов, азербайджанцев, украинцев) младше 45 лет (χ2 = 4,342; df = 1; p = 0,037). У белорусов при количестве несовпадений 0–1 отторжение не развивалось, а при 2–4 – 35,40% (ОШ 9,44, ДИ 0,51–173,61). У иных национальностей при количестве несовпадений 0–1 острый криз отторжения не развивался, а при 2–4 – 50,00% (ОШ 11,00, ДИ 0,56–217,69).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Достоверно установлено, что несовпадения по II классу MHC, разница в национальной принадлежности доноров и реципиентов и более молодой возраст реципиентов (младше 45 лет) значительно увеличивают шанс развития острого криза отторжения в послеоперационном периоде.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the impact of MHC mismatches, considering recipient nationality and age, on the develop- ment of rejection crisis.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted, including 264 recipients and their 264 matched donors. HLA typing was performed by serological and molecular genetic (SSP) methods. Mismatches in the following MHC class I and II genes were assessed: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, HLA- DQB1. Recipient age and nationality were also considered in the analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. MHC Class I mismatches (HLA-A, HLA-B) did not significantly impact the occurrence of acute rejection crises. MHC Class II mismatches (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1) significantly increased the risk of acute rejection (χ2 = 6.790; df = 1; p = 0.009), with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.69 (95% CI: 1.32–24.50). Recipient age had a significant effect on acute rejection (χ2 = 8.200; df = 1; p = 0.004). Recipients under 45 years experienced rejection in 34.8% of cases, 18.9% more than those aged 45 and older, with an OR of 2.30 (95% CI: 1.29–4.10). Donor-recipient nationality mismatch signifi- cantly influenced acute rejection (χ2 = 4.660; df = 1; p = 0.031), with an OR of 2.00 (95% CI: 1.06–3.79). The analysis, considering all three above-mentioned factors, confirmed that MHC mismatches significantly influence the development of acute graft rejection in Belarusian recipients under 45 years old (χ2 = 4.068; df = 1; p = 0.044) and in recipients of other nationalities (Russians, Israelis, Georgians, Armenians, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians) under 45 years old (χ2 = 4.342; df = 1; p = 0.037). Among Belarusian recipients, no cases of rejec- tion were observed with 0–1 MHC mismatches, while rejection occurred in 35.4% of cases with 2–4 mismatches (OR 9.44, CI 0.51–173.61). Similarly, in recipients of other nationalities, acute rejection did not develop with 0–1 mismatches, but occurred in 50.0% of cases with 2–4 mismatches (OR 11.00, CI 0.56–217.69).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It has been reliably established that MHC class II mismatches, donor-recipient nationality differences, and recipient age under 45 years significantly increase the risk of acute rejection crisis in the postoperative period.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация сердца</kwd><kwd>HLA-типирование</kwd><kwd>HLA-несовпадения</kwd><kwd>отторжение трансплантата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>HLA typing</kwd><kwd>HLA mismatch</kwd><kwd>graft rejection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колюбаева СН, Мякошина ЛА, Елисеева МИ, Глушаков РИ. Методы типирования генов системы HLA для трансплантации органов и тканей. 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