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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2025-2-148-162</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1888</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Регенеративная медицина и клеточные технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Regenerative Medicine and Cell Technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы в профилактике и лечении послеожоговых рубцов (систематический обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern strategies for the prevention and treatment of post-burn scars (a systematic review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-6934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умников</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umnikov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Умников Алексей Сергеевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.umnikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-3736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazko</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глазко Ирина Ивановна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinap17@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-135X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балакин</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балакин Евгений Игоревич</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46, корп. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii Balakin</p><p>46/8, Zhivopisnaya str., 123098, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgbalakin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-7238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самойлов Александр Сергеевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asamoilov@fmbcfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-5813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустовойт</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovoit</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пустовойт Василий Игоревич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vipust@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр РФ – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Умников А.С., Глазко И.И., Балакин Е.И., Самойлов А.С., Пустовойт В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Умников А.С., Глазко И.И., Балакин Е.И., Самойлов А.С., Пустовойт В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Umnikov A.S., Glazko I.I., Balakin E.I., Samoilov A.S., Pustovoit V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1888">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1888</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на достижения современной медицины в области реконструктивной хирургии, профилактика образования грубой рубцовой ткани, ограничивающей функцию конечности или приводящей к косметическому дефекту, остается актуальной проблемой. Не менее важной составляющей в достижении функционального и косметического результата является адекватная коррекция сформировавшихся рубцов. Грубая функциональная недостаточность в области верхних конечностей может приводить к инвалидизации больного. Сочетание хирургических и нехирургических методов лечения должно улучшить функциональность при одновременном снижении риска рецидива. Инъекции обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмы, применение стволовых клеток, пересадка жировой ткани и комбинация терапии ран отрицательным давлением (NPWT) с традиционной реконструкцией лоскутом и другими видами трансплантации становятся все более популярными. Метод лечения ран отрицательным давлением позволяет подготовить раневую поверхность к последующим реконструкциям покровных тканей и является альтернативой традиционным методам перевязки. Созданный над раневой поверхностью после ее закрытия кожным аутотрансплантатом вакуум обеспечивает профилактику воспалительных явлений в основании трансплантата, препятствует формированию избыточной грануляционной ткани и грубых рубцов в долгосрочной перспективе. Механизм формирования гипертрофических и келоидных рубцов до сих пор неясен, установлено, что выделенные клетки костного мозга, такие как фиброциты и кератиноцитоподобные клетки, могут быть членами воспалительного клеточного инфильтрата во время заживления ран, а также могут способствовать развитию кожного фиброза при нарушенном заживлении. Установлен ряд патофизиологических и биохимических процессов, происходящих в тканях при заживлении обширных и глубоких раневых поверхностей. Определена роль кератиноцитов, содержащихся в луковицах волосяных фолликулов, обеспечивающих эпителизацию послеожоговых раневых поверхностей при сохраненных после ожогов дериватах кожи. В отдельных исследованиях доказана положительная роль стромально-васкулярной фракции жировой ткани, активно применяемой в разных фазах раневого процесса, в том числе на стадии формирования келоидных и гипертрофических рубцов. Выделенные из жировой ткани стволовые клетки возможно использовать в сочетании с гидрогелем. Гидрогелевая основа повязок создает влажную среду как в ожоговых ранах, так и на раневых поверхностях после тангенциального или радикального иссечения ожогового струпа, способствует более быстрому заживлению раневых поверхностей, снижая риски рубцовой гиперплазии, а также создает условия для пролонгации медикаментозного эффекта препарата, помещенного на гидрогелевую основу. Своевременное принятие решения о хирургическом лечении глубоких ожогов, сроки выполнения хирургического вмешательства, а также применение современных методов лечения в раннем послеоперационном периоде позволяют снизить риски формирования гипертрофических и келоидных рубцов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite advancements in modern reconstructive surgery, preventing the formation of thick scar tissue that impairs limb function or causes cosmetic defects remains a critical challenge. Equally important is the effective correction of existing scars to optimize both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Severe functional impairment of the upper limbs can result in disability. A combination of surgical and nonsurgical interventions is essential to enhance functionality while minimizing the risk of scar recurrence. Platelet-rich plasma injections, stem cell therapy, adipose tissue transplantation, and a combination of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with traditional flap reconstruction and other transplantation methods are gaining popularity in modern reconstructive surgery. NPWT plays a crucial role in preparing the wound bed for subsequent tissue reconstruction and serves as an effective alternative to traditional dressings. The vacuum created over the wound after closure with a skin autograft helps prevent inflammation at the graft base, reduces excessive granulation tissue formation, and minimizes the risk of rough scar development in the long term. The mechanisms of formation of hypertrophic scar and keloids have not yet been completely understood. However, research indicates that bone marrow-derived cells, including fibrocytes and keratinocyte-like cells, contribute to the inflammatory cell infiltrate during wound healing, and can play a role in cutaneous fibrosis, especially in cases of impaired healing. Several pathophysiological and biochemical processes involved in the repair of extensive and deep wounds have been established. Additionally, the role of keratinocytes within hair follicle bulbs in promoting epithelialization of post-burn wound surfaces, particularly in areas with preserved skin appendages, has been recognized. Studies indicate that stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue plays a positive role in various stages of wound healing, including keloid and hypertrophic scar formation. Adipose-derived stem cells can be used in combination with hydrogel. The hydrogel base of dressings maintains a moist environment in both burn wounds and wound surfaces following tangential or radical excision of burn scab. This promotes faster wound healing, reduces the risk of scar hyperplasia, and enhances the sustained release and effectiveness of medications applied to the hydrogel base. Prompt surgical intervention, including early excision and grafting, along with modern treatment methods in the early postoperative period for deep burns, can significantly reduce the risk of hypertrophic and keloid scar formation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожоги</kwd><kwd>рубцы</kwd><kwd>клеточные технологии</kwd><kwd>биомедицинский клеточный продукт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>burns</kwd><kwd>scars</kwd><kwd>cell technologies</kwd><kwd>biomedical cell products</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karakol P, Bozkurt M. Recent strategic approach in postburn extremity scars and contractures. 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