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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2025-1-63-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1838</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая трансплантология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Transplantology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патология почечного трансплантата и факторы, определяющие темпы ее прогрессирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Renal transplant pathology and factors determining the rate of its progression</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-8348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяревич</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stoliarevich</surname><given-names>Е. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столяревич Екатерина Сергеевна</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1. Тел. (499) 196-17-94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Stolyarevich</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182 Phone: (499) 196-17-94</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stolyarevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Е. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>E. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorovaet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можейко</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozheiko</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">npm_72@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайдулаев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saydulaev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России ; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы» ; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs ; Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 52 ; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии&#13;
и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Столяревич Е.С., Егорова Е.Т., Можейко Н.П., Сайдулаев Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Столяревич Е.С., Егорова Е.Т., Можейко Н.П., Сайдулаев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stoliarevich Е.S., Egorova E.T., Mozheiko N.P., Saydulaev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1838">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1838</self-uri><abstract><p>Дисфункция аллотрансплантата является гетерогенной по своей структуре, и особенности ее течения определяются как характером основного патологического процесса, так и дополнительными факторами, влияющими на темпы его прогрессирования, важнейшим из которых является распространенность интерстициального фиброза и тубулярной атрофии. Цель: оценка факторов, влияющих на темпы прогрессирования нефропатии в зависимости от природы дисфункции. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 189 реципиентов трансплантированной почки с морфологически верифицированной дисфункцией почечного трансплантата. В зависимости от морфологической картины были выделены 5 групп пациентов: 1‑я – ОКН (n = 20), 2‑я – клеточное отторжение (n = 50), 3‑я – гуморальное отторжение трансплантата (n = 61), 4‑я – интерстициальный фиброз и тубулярная атрофия (ИФТА) (n = 41), 5‑я – возвратная либо de novo гломерулярная патология (n = 17). Результаты. Несмотря на тенденцию к улучшению функции трансплантата на фоне лечения, отдаленная выживаемость трансплантатов была наиболее низкой в группах клеточного и гуморального отторжения, составляя к 12 месяцам наблюдения 64 и 54% соответственно. В группах ИФТА и ГН этот показатель составил 79 и 86% соответственно, а наилучшая 1-летняя выживаемость оказалась у пациентов с ОКН (94%). При проведении многофакторного анализа, выполненного в регрессионной модели Кокса, самостоятельными и независимыми предикторами прогноза оказались лишь два фактора – уровень креатинина на момент биопсии и распространенность ИФТА, независимо от основного механизма повреждения. Прогностическая модель, включающая обе характеристики, демонстрирует значительно более высокую прогностическую точность. Наилучшая корреляция с прогнозом отмечалась при сочетании уровня креатинина ≥200 мкмоль/л и распространенности интерстициального фиброза ≥20% площади паренхимы. Чувствительность данной модели составила 91%, а специфичность – 28% (p &lt; 0,01 95% ДИ: 0,74–0,89). Заключение. При оценке риска утраты трансплантата необходимо учитывать всю совокупность потенциальных прогностических факторов, таких как характер основного заболевания, выраженность дисфункции и распространенность фонового интерстициального фиброза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The structure of allograft dysfunction is heterogeneous, and the peculiarities of its course depend on the underlying pathological process as well as other factors that influence how quickly it progresses. The most significant of these factors are the prevalence of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Objective: to evaluate the factors influencing the rate of nephropathy progression depending on the nature of dysfunction. Materials and methods. The study included 189 kidney transplant recipients with morphologically verified renal graft dysfunction. Patients were divided into five categories based on their morphological pictures: Group 1, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) (n = 20); Group 2, cellular rejection (CR) (n = 50); Group 3, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) (n = 61); Group 4, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) (n = 41); Group 5, recurrent or de novo glomerulonephritis (GN) (n = 17). Results. Even though graft function tended to improve with treatment, The CR and AMR groups had the lowest long-term graft survival rates at 12 months, amounting to 64% and 54%, respectively, while the IFTA and GN groups had the highest, 79% and 86%, respectively. ATN patients (94%) showed the best 1-year survival. In the multivariate analysis performed in the Cox regression model, only two factors – creatinine level at the time of biopsy and IFTA prevalence – were found to be independent predictors of prognosis, regardless of the underlying mechanism of injury. A prognostic model that incorporates both characteristics demonstrated significantly higher prognostic accuracy. A combination of creatinine level ≥200 μmol/L and an interstitial fibrosis prevalence ≥20% of the parenchyma area showed the strongest correlation with prognosis. This model had a 91% sensitivity and a 28% specificity (p &lt; 0.01 95% CI: 0.74–0.89). Conclusion. When assessing the risk of graft loss, it is necessary to consider the entire set of potential prognostic factors, such as the nature of the underlying disease, severity of graft dysfunction and prevalence of background interstitial fibrosis. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>патология почечного трансплантата</kwd><kwd>выживаемость трансплантатов</kwd><kwd>факторы риска потери трансплантата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>renal graft pathology</kwd><kwd>graft survival</kwd><kwd>risk factors for graft loss</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Zoghby ZM, Stegall MD, Lager DJ, Kremers WK, Amer H, Gloor JM, Cosio FG. Identifying specific causes of kidney allograft loss. 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