Objective: to examine how the severity of tissue metabolic disorders affects the dynamics of the state of blood cells and bone marrow (BM) cells in patients with progressive diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials and methods. The genetic model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in db/db mutant mice (experimental group, n = 30) was used. Healthy mice of the same line – db/+m (n = 10) and line B10 (n = 5) served as control. The dynamics of laboratory and clinical parameters (blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, body weight) and oxidative metabolism indicators in tissues were monitored FOR 6–6.5 months using Lasma-ST device. The state of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and BM cells were examined during the same period. Statistical processing of the results was done with preliminary use of the Shapiro–Wilk test; the significance of differences with the control was assessed using the parametric Student’s t test, at p < 0.05.

Results. In the development of T2DM, 3 stages of progressive metabolic disorders were identified: I – adaptation stage (1–2 months); II – progressive maladaptation stage (2.5–4.5 months); III – decompensation stage (from 5.0–6.5 months to death). It was found that in T2DM mice, blood content of red blood cells, Hb and leukocytes was reduced already in stages I–III; but in stage II and especially in stage III, there was increased platelet count and percentage of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils with a decrease in lymphocytes. A high percentage of live cells is preserved in the BM in stages I, II and early periods of stage III; in late periods of stage III, live cell percentages are frequently found to be low; in all periods of stage III, the total cell content in the BM is clearly reduced.

Conclusion. Hematopoietic processes are inhibited in the BM as T2DM progresses. Individual assessment of the state of BM and its cells at the progressive stages of T2DM may be useful for prognostic purposes.