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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2024-2-145-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1789</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Регенеративная медицина и клеточные технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Regenerative Medicine and Cell Technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биомиметический подход к разработке протезов  кровеносных сосудов малого диаметра</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biomimetic approach to the design of artificial  small‑diameter blood vessels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немец</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemets</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Немец Евгений Абрамович</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p><p>Тел. (968) 840-47-45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy Nemets</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation.</p><p>Phone: (968) 840-47-45</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgnemets@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">w.000000000@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирьяков</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiryakov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kiriakovmd@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грудинин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grudinin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zbignev.religa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdanovv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filippovkirill02@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никольская</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolskaya</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">allanik64@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюняева</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyunyaeva</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tuniasha@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Выпрышко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vypryshko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aavypryshko@vk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаревич</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaxarevich</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaharslava@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басок</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basok</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bjb2005@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севастьянов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevastianov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viksev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России;  Автономная некоммерческая организация «Институт медико-биологических исследований и технологий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Institute of Biomedical Research and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Немец Е.А., Белов В.Ю., Кирьяков К.С., Грудинин Н.В., Богданов В.К., Филиппов К.С., Никольская А.О., Тюняева И.Ю., Выпрышко А.А., Захаревич В.М., Басок Ю.Б., Севастьянов В.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Немец Е.А., Белов В.Ю., Кирьяков К.С., Грудинин Н.В., Богданов В.К., Филиппов К.С., Никольская А.О., Тюняева И.Ю., Выпрышко А.А., Захаревич В.М., Басок Ю.Б., Севастьянов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nemets E.A., Belov Y.V., Kiryakov K.S., Grudinin N.V., Bogdanov V.K., Filippov K.S., Nikolskaya A.O., Tyunyaeva I.Y., Vypryshko A.A., Zaxarevich V.M., Basok Y.B., Sevastianov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1789">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1789</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: разработать многослойные пористые трубчатые каркасы (ПТК) диаметром 2 мм с характеристиками, близкими к естественным кровеносным сосудам малого диаметра.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. ПТК из поликапролактона (ПКЛ, ММ 80000) с водозапирающим слоем из ПКЛ с добавлением желатина (ПКЛЖ) диаметром 2 мм формировали методом электроспиннинга (NANON-01A). Биоактивное покрытие наносили на поверхность ПТК последовательной инкубацией в растворах бычьего сывороточного альбумина, гепарина (Гп) и лизата тромбоцитов (ЛТ). Цитотоксичность исследовали в условиях непосредственного контакта ПТК с монослоем фибробластов мыши линии NIH/3T3. Жизнеспособность ЭКч линии EA.hy926 оценивали с помощью набора Live/Dead® Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit. Проходимость и параметры кровотока ПТК, имплантированных в инфраренальный отдел аорты крысы, регистрировали с применением допплерографии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработана трехслойная конструкция ПТК с внутренним диаметром 2 мм, внутренний и внешний слои которой сформированы из 0,2 мл раствора ПКЛ, а средний водозапирающий слой – из 0,5 мл раствора ПКЛ с добавлением 30% (по массе полимера) желатина. Введение водозапирающего слоя позволило снизить хирургическую пористость (ХП) с 56,2 ± 8,7 мл/(см2·мин) в случае однослойного ПТК из чистого ПКЛ до 8,9 ± 2,6 мл/(см2·мин) для трехслойного ПТК. Полученные ПТК продемонстрировали физико-механические характеристики, сходные с естественными кровеносными сосудами, а также отсутствие цитотоксичности. Нанесение биоактивного покрытия из Гп и ЛТ позволило повысить in vitro адгезию и пролиферацию ЭК. Была осуществлена коррекция техники имплантации фрагментов трехслойных ПТК длиной 10 мм в инфраренальный отдел аорты крысы, позволившая минимизировать кровопотерю и сужение области анастомозов. В остром эксперименте доказано, что протезы проходимы, а параметры кровотока (систолическая и диастолическая скорость, индекс резистивности) близки к соответствующим показателям естественной аорты крысы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанные трехслойные конструкции ПТК имеют низкую ХП и физико-механические свойства, близкие к нативным кровеносным сосудам. Нанесение биологически активного покрытия позволяет улучшить in vitro матриксные свойства ПТК относительно ЭКч. При кратковременной имплантации в аорту экспериментального животного ПТК продемонстрировали отсутствие раннего тромбоза, при этом параметры кровотока были близки к показателям естественной аорты крысы. Таким образом, трехслойный ПТК с биоактивным покрытием может быть использован в качестве каркаса для формирования in situ тканеинженерной конструкции кровеносного сосуда малого диаметра.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To create 2-mm diameter multilayer porous tubular scaffolds (PTS) with characteristics that resemble small-diameter native blood vessels in terms of characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. PTS made of polycaprolactone (PCL, MM 80000) with a PCL-made sealing coat/layer with gelatin addition (PCL-gelatin) with a diameter of 2 mm were created by electrospinning (NANON-01A). Bioactive coating was applied to the PTS surface by sequential incubation in solutions of bovine serum albumin, heparin (Hp), and platelet lysate (PL). Cytotoxicity was investigated under conditions of direct contact of PTS with a monolayer of NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926) was evaluated using Live/Dead® Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit. Permeability and blood flow parameters of the PTS implanted in the infrarenal section of the rat aorta were recorded using Doppler imaging.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A three-layer PTS construct with an inner diameter of 2 mm was developed. Its inner and outer layers were formed from 0.2 mL of PCL solution, and the middle sealing coat/layer was from 0.5 mL of PCL with addition of 30% (by weight of polymer) gelatin. Introduction of the sealing coat/layer reduced surgical porosity (SP) from 56.2 ± 8.7 mL/(cm2·min) for a single-layer PTS made of pure PCL to 8.9 ± 2.6 mL/(cm2·min) for a three-layer PTS. The resulting PTS demonstrated physicomechanical characteristics similar to those of native blood vessels; it also showed no cytotoxicity. Application of a bioactive coating of Hp and PL allowed for increased in vitro adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells. The technique of implantation of 10 mm long fragments of three-layer PTS into the infrarenal section of a rat aorta was corrected, thus minimizing blood loss and narrowing the anastomosis site. In an acute experiment, it was proven that the prostheses were patent and that blood flow parameters (systolic and diastolic velocity, resistivity index) were close to the corresponding indicators of native rat aorta.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The developed three-layer PTS constructs have low SP and physicomechanical properties close to those of native blood vessels. Bioactive coating improves the in vitro matrix properties of PTS relative to human endothelial cells. At short-term implantation into the aorta of experimental animals, PTS showed no early thrombosis, while blood flow parameters were close to those of native rat aorta. Thus, three-layer PTS with bioactive coating can be used as a scaffold for creation of in situ tissue-engineered construct of a small-diameter blood vessel.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сосудистый протез</kwd><kwd>электроспиннинг</kwd><kwd>трубчатый пористый каркас</kwd><kwd>поликапролактон</kwd><kwd>желатин</kwd><kwd>гепарин</kwd><kwd>лизат тромбоцитов</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>цитотоксичность</kwd><kwd>имплантация</kwd><kwd>аорта крысы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vascular prosthesis</kwd><kwd>electrospinning</kwd><kwd>tubular porous scaffold</kwd><kwd>polycaprolactone</kwd><kwd>gelatin</kwd><kwd>heparin</kwd><kwd>platelet lysate</kwd><kwd>endothelial cells</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicity</kwd><kwd>implantation</kwd><kwd>rat aorta</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das D, Noh I. 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