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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2024-3-91-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1773</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая трансплантология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Transplantology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Значение мониторинга анти-HLA антител в диагностике иммунологических осложнений после трансплантации почки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic value of anti-HLA antibody monitoring in the diagnosis of immunological complications following kidney transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-4873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александрова Вероника Олеговна</p><p>129090, Москва, Грохольский переулок, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika О. Aleksandrova</p><p>12, Grokholsky lane, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandrovavo@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-3310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитриев Илья Викторович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DmitrievIV@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-7523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боровкова Наталья Валерьевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BorovkovaNV@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-7048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балкаров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balkarov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балкаров Аслан Галиевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BalkarovAG@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мушта</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mushta</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мушта Наталья Анатольевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MushtaNA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8199-905X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмарина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмарина Нонна Валерьевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ShmarinaNV@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доронина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doronina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доронина Натадья Викторовна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DoroninaNV@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-9932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарева</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazareva</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазарева Ксения Евгеньевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LazarevaKE2@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»;&#13;
ФДПО ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care;&#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»;&#13;
ФДПО ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России;&#13;
ГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care;&#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University;&#13;
Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care;&#13;
Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Александрова В.О., Дмитриев И.В., Боровкова Н.В., Балкаров А.Г., Мушта Н.А., Шмарина Н.В., Доронина Н.В., Лазарева К.Е., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Александрова В.О., Дмитриев И.В., Боровкова Н.В., Балкаров А.Г., Мушта Н.А., Шмарина Н.В., Доронина Н.В., Лазарева К.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aleksandrova V.O., Dmitriev I.V., Borovkova N.V., Balkarov A.G., Mushta N.A., Shmarina N.V., Doronina N.V., Lazareva K.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1773">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1773</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Несмотря на совершенствование протоколов иммуносупрессивной терапии, иммунологические осложнения остаются одной из ведущих причин утраты функции нефротрансплантата. Определение уровня предсуществующих и de novo синтезированных анти-HLA антител (АТ) показало высокую значимость в современной диагностике отторжения и оценке эффективности противокризовой терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: анализ частоты встречаемости и специфичности предсуществующих и de novo синтезированных, в том числе донор-специфических, анти-HLA антител, оценка их влияния на развитие острого криза отторжения и исходы трансплантации почки в раннем послеоперационном периоде.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения 637 реципиентов, перенесших трансплантацию почки от посмертных доноров в ГБУЗ «НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ» в период с 2020-го по 2022 г. Было выполнено определение предсуществующих и de novo синтезированных анти-HLA АТ, в том числе донор-специфических (Donor-Specific Antibodies – DSA), оценено их влияние на частоту развития острого криза отторжения (ОКО) в раннем послеоперационном периоде и функцию нефротрансплантатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У несенсибилизированных пациентов частота ОКО составила 10,7% (n = 58), первичную начальную функцию трансплантата отметили у 354 пациентов (65,6%), удовлетворительную функцию при выписке – у 377 пациентов (70%). Предсуществующие анти-HLA АТ обнаружили у 97 реципиентов (15,2%), развитие ОКО в этой группе отметили у 14 реципиентов (14,4%), первичную начальную функцию – у 51 (52,6%), удовлетворительную функцию при выписке – у 62 (63,9%). Cинтез de novo анти-HLA АТ после трансплантации отметили у 70 (11%) пациентов, ОКО – у 10 из них (16,7%), первичную функцию – у 38 (54,3%), удовлетворительную функцию при выписке – у 43 (61,4%). Синтез DSA выявили у 10 пациентов, у 5 (50%) из них диагностировали ОКО, первичную начальную функцию и удовлетворительную функцию при выписке отметили у 3 (30%) реципиентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Наличие предсуществующих и/или синтез de novo анти-HLA АТ после трансплантации почки при рационально подобранной иммуносупрессивной терапии статистически значимо не влияло на ранние исходы функционирования трансплантатов, однако синтез DSA статистически значимо повышал частоту острого отторжения, дисфункции нефротрансплантата и увеличивал сроки восстановления азотовыделительной функции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Despite improvements in immunosuppressive therapy procedures, immunological complications continue to be a major cause of kidney graft loss. The level of pre-existing and de novo synthesized anti-HLA antibodies (AB) has shown high significance in modern diagnosis of graft rejection and assessment of the efficacy of anti-crisis therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the frequency and specificity of pre-existing and de novo synthesized (including donor-specific), anti-HLA antibodies, to assess their impact on acute rejection crisis and kidney transplant (KT) outcomes in the early postoperative period.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes of 637 patients, who received a deceased-donor kidney transplant at Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care from 2020 to 2022. Pre-existing and de novo synthesized anti-HLA AB, including donor-specific antibodies (DSA), were determined and their impact on the incidence of acute rejection crisis (ARC) in the early postoperative period and on kidney graft function was assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In non-sensitized patients, the ARC rate was 10.7% (n = 58), primary initial graft function was noted in 354 patients (65.6%), and satisfactory function at discharge was observed in 377 patients (70%). Pre-existing anti-HLA AB was detected in 97 recipients (15.2%); ARC developed in 14 recipients (14.4%) from this group, 51 (52.6%) patients had primary initial function, and 62 (63.9%) exhibited satisfactory function at discharge. De novo anti-HLA AB synthesis after transplantation was noted in 70 (11%) patients, ARC in 10 of them (16.7%), 38 (54.3%) had primary function, and 43 (61.4%) had satisfactory function at discharge. DSA synthesis was detected in 10 patients, ARC was diagnosed in 5 (50%) of them, primary initial function and satisfactory function at discharge were noted in 3 (30%) recipients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The presence of pre-existing and/or de novo anti-HLA AB synthesis after KT under rationally selected immunosuppressive therapy did not statistically significantly affect the early outcomes of graft function. However, DSA synthesis statistically significantly increased the incidence of acute rejection, kidney graft dysfunction and increased the time of recovery of nitrogen excretory function.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анти-HLA антитела</kwd><kwd>предсуществующие анти-HLA антитела</kwd><kwd>de novo анти-HLA антитела</kwd><kwd>донор-специфические анти-HLA антитела</kwd><kwd>острое отторжение нефротрансплантата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anti-HLA antibodies</kwd><kwd>pre-existing anti-HLA antibodies</kwd><kwd>de novo anti-HLA antibodies</kwd><kwd>donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies</kwd><kwd>acute kidney graft rejection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрусев АМ, Перегудова НГ, Шинкарев МБ, Томилина НА. Заместительная почечная терапия хронической болезни почек 5-й стадии в Российской Федерации 2016–2020 гг. 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