vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2024-3-72-90vtio-1749Research ArticleКлиническая трансплантологияClinical TransplantologyБилиарные осложнения после трансплантации печениPost-liver transplant biliary complicationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-5235СёмашК. О.SemashK. O.

Сёмаш  Константин Олесьевич - врач хирург-трансплантолог, кандидат медицинских наук

100171, Ташкент, Яшнабадский район, ул. Паркентская, 294

 

Konstantin О. Semash

294, Parkentskaya str., Yashnobod district, Tashkent, 100171

mail@doctorsemash.comНациональный детский медицинский центрУзбекистанNational Children’s Medical CenterUzbekistan2024300520242637290Copyright © Сёмаш К.О., 20242024Сёмаш К.О.Semash K.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1749

Билиарные осложнения — наиболее частые из встречающихся осложнений после выполнения трансплантации печени. Они вносят весомый вклад в заболеваемость пациентов после трансплантации печени и их частота по разным источникам составляет от 5% до 50%. К основным билиарным осложнениям после трансплантации печени относятся: стриктуры, желчные свищи и биломы, желчекаменная болезнь, дисфункция сфинктера Одди, гемобилия, мукоцеле. Факторы риска возникновения билиарных осложнений многообразны. В данном обзоре рассмотрены основные типы желчных осложнений и современные подходы к их диагностике и лечению.

Biliary complications (BCs) are the most frequent complications following liver transplantation (LT). They are a major source of morbidity after LT. The incidence of BCs after LT is reported to range from 5% to 45%. The main post-LT biliary complications are strictures, biliary fistulas and bilomas, cholelithiasis, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, hemobilia, and mucocele. Risk factors for biliary complications are diverse. In this article we seek to review the main types of biliary complications and modern approaches to their diagnosis and treatment.

трансплантация печенибилиарные осложненияliver transplantationbiliary complicationsReferencesГотье СВ, Мойсюк ЯГ, Попцов ВН, Корнилов МН, Цирульникова ОМ, Ярошенко ЕБ и др. Опыт 100 трансплантаций трупной печени в одном центре. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2012; 14 (1): 6–14. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2012-1-6-14.Gautier SV, Moysyuk YG, Poptsov VN, Kornilov MN, Tsirulnikova OM, Yaroshenko EB et al. One hundred deceased donor liver transplantations at a single center. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2012; 14 (1): 6–14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2012-1-6-14.Schladt DP, Israni AK. OPTN/SRTR 2021 Annual Data Report: Introduction. Am J Transplant. 2023; 23 (2 Suppl 1): S12–S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajt.2023.02.003.Schladt DP, Israni AK. OPTN/SRTR 2021 Annual Data Report: Introduction. Am J Transplant. 2023; 23 (2 Suppl 1): S12–S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajt.2023.02.003.Terrault NA, Francoz C, Berenguer M, Charlton M, Heimbach J. Liver Transplantation 2023: Status Report, Current and Future Challenges. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023; 21 (8): 2150–2166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.005.Terrault NA, Francoz C, Berenguer M, Charlton M, Heimbach J. Liver Transplantation 2023: Status Report, Current and Future Challenges. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023; 21 (8): 2150–2166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.005.Semash K, Dzhanbekov T, Akbarov M, Mirolimov M, Usmonov A, Razzokov N et al. Implementation of a living donor liver transplantation program in the Republic of Uzbekistan: a report of the first 40 cases. Clin Transplant Res. 2024 Jun 30; 38 (2): 116–127. doi: 10.4285/ctr.24.0013. Epub 2024 Jun 24.Semash K, Dzhanbekov T, Akbarov M, Mirolimov M, Usmonov A, Razzokov N et al. Implementation of a living donor liver transplantation program in the Republic of Uzbekistan: a report of the first 40 cases. Clin Transplant Res. 2024 Jun 30; 38 (2): 116–127. doi: 10.4285/ctr.24.0013. Epub 2024 Jun 24.Hampe T, Dogan A, Encke J, Mehrabi A, Schemmer P, Schmidt J et al. Biliary complications after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2006; 20 Suppl 17: 93–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2006.00607.x.Hampe T, Dogan A, Encke J, Mehrabi A, Schemmer P, Schmidt J et al. Biliary complications after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2006; 20 Suppl 17: 93–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2006.00607.x.Досханов МО, Скакбаев АС, Баймаханов ЖБ, Баймаханов ББ, Каниев ША, Серикулы Е и др. Билиарные осложнения после трансплантации печени. Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 2019; 24 (4): 80–90. https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2019480-90.Doskhanov MO, Skakbayev AS, Baimakhanov ZhB, Baimakhanov BB, Kaniyev ShA, Serikuly E et al. Biliary complications after liver transplantation. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery. 2019; 24 (4): 80–90. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2019480-90.Davidson BR, Rai R, Kurzawinski TR, Selves L, Farouk M, Dooley JS et al. Prospective randomized trial of end-to-end versus side-to-side biliary reconstruction after orthotopic liver transplantation. Br J Surg. 1999; 86 (4): 447–452. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01073.x.Davidson BR, Rai R, Kurzawinski TR, Selves L, Farouk M, Dooley JS et al. Prospective randomized trial of end-to-end versus side-to-side biliary reconstruction after orthotopic liver transplantation. Br J Surg. 1999; 86 (4): 447–452. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01073.x.Pascher A, Neuhaus P. Biliary complications after deceased-donor orthotopic liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2006; 13 (6): 487–496. doi: 10.1007/s00534-005-1083-z.Pascher A, Neuhaus P. Biliary complications after deceased-donor orthotopic liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2006; 13 (6): 487–496. doi: 10.1007/s00534-005-1083-z.Семаш КО, Джанбеков ТА, Акбаров ММ. Сосудистые осложнения после трансплантации печени – современные методы диагностики и лечения. Обзор мировой литературы. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2023; 25 (4): 46–72. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2023-4-46-72.Semash KO, Dzhanbekov TA, Akbarov MM. Vascular complications after liver transplantation: contemporary approaches to detection and treatment. A literature review. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2023; 25 (4): 46–72. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2023-4-46-72.Sharma S, Gurakar A, Jabbour N. Biliary strictures following liver transplantation: past, present and preventive strategies. Liver Transpl. 2008; 14 (6): 759–769. doi: 10.1002/lt.21509.Sharma S, Gurakar A, Jabbour N. Biliary strictures following liver transplantation: past, present and preventive strategies. Liver Transpl. 2008; 14 (6): 759–769. doi: 10.1002/lt.21509.Lennon AM, Kapoor S, Khashab M, Corless E, Amateau S, Dunbar K et al. Spiral assisted ERCP is equivalent to single balloon assisted ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y anatomy. Dig Dis Sci. 2012; 57 (5): 1391– 1398. doi: 10.1007/s10620-011-2000-8.Lennon AM, Kapoor S, Khashab M, Corless E, Amateau S, Dunbar K et al. Spiral assisted ERCP is equivalent to single balloon assisted ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y anatomy. Dig Dis Sci. 2012; 57 (5): 1391– 1398. doi: 10.1007/s10620-011-2000-8.Saleem A, Levy MJ, Petersen BT, Que FG, Baron TH. Laparoscopic assisted ERCP in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery patients. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012; 16 (1): 203–208. doi: 10.1007/s11605-011-1760-y.Saleem A, Levy MJ, Petersen BT, Que FG, Baron TH. Laparoscopic assisted ERCP in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery patients. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012; 16 (1): 203–208. doi: 10.1007/s11605-011-1760-y.Attam R, Leslie D, Freeman M, Ikramuddin S, Andrade R. EUS-assisted, fluoroscopically guided gastrostomy tube placement in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a novel technique for access to the gastric remnant. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 74 (3): 677–682. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.05.018.Attam R, Leslie D, Freeman M, Ikramuddin S, Andrade R. EUS-assisted, fluoroscopically guided gastrostomy tube placement in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a novel technique for access to the gastric remnant. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 74 (3): 677–682. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.05.018.Khot R, Morgan MA, Nair RT, Ludwig DR, Arif-Tiwari H, Bhati CS, Itani M. Radiologic findings of biliary complications post liver transplantation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2023 Jan; 48 (1): 166–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-022-03714-y.Khot R, Morgan MA, Nair RT, Ludwig DR, Arif-Tiwari H, Bhati CS, Itani M. Radiologic findings of biliary complications post liver transplantation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2023 Jan; 48 (1): 166–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-022-03714-y.Londoño MC, Balderramo D, Cárdenas A. Management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: the role of endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14 (4): 493–497. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.493.Londoño MC, Balderramo D, Cárdenas A. Management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: the role of endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14 (4): 493–497. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.493.Thuluvath PJ, Pfau PR, Kimmey MB, Ginsberg GG. Biliary complications after liver transplantation: the role of endoscopy. Endoscopy. 2005; 37 (9): 857–863. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-870192.Thuluvath PJ, Pfau PR, Kimmey MB, Ginsberg GG. Biliary complications after liver transplantation: the role of endoscopy. Endoscopy. 2005; 37 (9): 857–863. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-870192.Stratta RJ, Wood RP, Langnas AN, Hollins RR, Bruder KJ, Donovan JP et al. Diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Surgery. 1989; 106 (4): 675–684.Stratta RJ, Wood RP, Langnas AN, Hollins RR, Bruder KJ, Donovan JP et al. Diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Surgery. 1989; 106 (4): 675–684.Gunawansa N, McCall JL, Holden A, Plank L, Munn SR. Biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation: a 10-year audit. HPB (Oxford). 2011 Jun; 13 (6): 391–399. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2011.00300.x.Gunawansa N, McCall JL, Holden A, Plank L, Munn SR. Biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation: a 10-year audit. HPB (Oxford). 2011 Jun; 13 (6): 391–399. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2011.00300.x.Scanga AE, Kowdley KV. Management of biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2007; 9 (1): 31–38. doi: 10.1007/s11894-008-0018-7.Scanga AE, Kowdley KV. Management of biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2007; 9 (1): 31–38. doi: 10.1007/s11894-008-0018-7.Kochhar G, Parungao JM, Hanouneh IA, Parsi MA. Biliary complications following liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (19): 2841–2846. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i19.2841.Kochhar G, Parungao JM, Hanouneh IA, Parsi MA. Biliary complications following liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (19): 2841–2846. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i19.2841.Girotra M, Soota K, Klair JS, Dang SM, Aduli F. Endoscopic management of post-liver transplant biliary complications. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 7 (5): 446–459. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i5.446.Girotra M, Soota K, Klair JS, Dang SM, Aduli F. Endoscopic management of post-liver transplant biliary complications. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 7 (5): 446–459. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i5.446.Verdonk RC, Buis CI, Porte RJ, van der Jagt EJ, Limburg AJ, van den Berg AP et al. Anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation: causes and consequences. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12 (5): 726–735. doi: 10.1002/lt.20714.Verdonk RC, Buis CI, Porte RJ, van der Jagt EJ, Limburg AJ, van den Berg AP et al. Anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation: causes and consequences. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12 (5): 726–735. doi: 10.1002/lt.20714.Chang JH, Lee I, Choi MG, Han SW. Current diagnosis and treatment of benign biliary strictures after living donor liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22 (4): 1593–1606. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1593.Chang JH, Lee I, Choi MG, Han SW. Current diagnosis and treatment of benign biliary strictures after living donor liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22 (4): 1593–1606. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1593.Сёмаш КО, Джанбеков ТА, Гайбуллаев ТЗ. Опыт одного центра по интраоперационному лигированию селезеночной артерии для профилактики развития синдрома обкрадывания у пациентов после родственной трансплантации печени. Трансплантология. 2024; 16 (2): 230–243. https://doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2024-16-2-230-243.Semash KO, Dzhanbekov TA, Gaybullaev TZ. Single-center experience of intraoperative ligation of the splenic artery for prevention of splenic artery steal syndrome in patients after living donor liver transplant. Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation. 2024; 16 (2): 230–243. https://doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2024-16-2-230-243.Park JS, Kim MH, Lee SK, Seo DW, Lee SS, Han J et al. Efficacy of endoscopic and percutaneous treatments for biliary complications after cadaveric and living donor liver transplantation. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57 (1): 78–85. doi: 10.1067/mge.2003.11.Park JS, Kim MH, Lee SK, Seo DW, Lee SS, Han J et al. Efficacy of endoscopic and percutaneous treatments for biliary complications after cadaveric and living donor liver transplantation. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57 (1): 78–85. doi: 10.1067/mge.2003.11.Восканян СЭ, Попов МВ, Артемьев АИ, Сушков АИ, Колышев ИЮ, Рудаков ВС и др. Билиарные анастомотические стриктуры после трансплантации правой доли печени от живого родственного донора: опыт одного трансплантационного центра. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2021; (2): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia20210215.Voskanyan SE, Popov MV, Artemiev AI, Sushkov AI, Kolyshev IYu, Rudakov VS et al. Bilary anastomotic strictures after right lobe living donor liver transplantation: a single-center experience. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2021; (2): 5–13. (In Russ., In Engl.). https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia20210215.Восканян СЭ, Попов МВ, Мальцева АП, Артемьев АИ, Колышев ИЮ, Забежинский ДА и др. Билиарная реконструкция при трансплантации правой доли печени от родственного донора: состояние проблемы, варианты и классификация. Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 2020; 25 (4): 33–48. https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2020433-48.Voskanyan SE, Popov MV, Mal’tseva AP, Artem’ev AI, Kolyshev IY, Zabezhinskii DA et al. Biliary reconstruction during right lobe living donor liver transplantation: state of the problem, options and classification. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery. 2020; 25 (4): 33–48. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2020433-48.Chen YK. Preclinical characterization of the Spyglass peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy system for direct access, visualization, and biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007; 65 (2): 303–311. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2006.07.048.Chen YK. Preclinical characterization of the Spyglass peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy system for direct access, visualization, and biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007; 65 (2): 303–311. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2006.07.048.Gürakar A, Wright H, Camci C, Jaboour N. The application of SpyScope® technology in evaluation of pre and post liver transplant biliary problems. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2010; 21 (4): 428–432. doi: 10.4318/tjg.2010.0131.Gürakar A, Wright H, Camci C, Jaboour N. The application of SpyScope® technology in evaluation of pre and post liver transplant biliary problems. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2010; 21 (4): 428–432. doi: 10.4318/tjg.2010.0131.Wright H, Sharma S, Gurakar A, Sebastian A, Kohli V, Jabbour N. Management of biliary stricture guided by the Spyglass Direct Visualization System in a liver transplant recipient: an innovative approach. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67 (7): 1201–1203. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2007.10.055.Wright H, Sharma S, Gurakar A, Sebastian A, Kohli V, Jabbour N. Management of biliary stricture guided by the Spyglass Direct Visualization System in a liver transplant recipient: an innovative approach. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67 (7): 1201–1203. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2007.10.055.Graziadei IW, Schwaighofer H, Koch R, Nachbaur K, Koenigsrainer A, Margreiter R, Vogel W. Long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12 (5): 718–725. doi: 10.1002/lt.20644.Graziadei IW, Schwaighofer H, Koch R, Nachbaur K, Koenigsrainer A, Margreiter R, Vogel W. Long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12 (5): 718–725. doi: 10.1002/lt.20644.Moy BT, Birk JW. A Review on the Management of Biliary Complications after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2019; 7 (1): 61–71. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2018.00028.Moy BT, Birk JW. A Review on the Management of Biliary Complications after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2019; 7 (1): 61–71. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2018.00028.Jang SI, Cho JH, Lee DK. Magnetic Compression Anastomosis for the Treatment of Post-Transplant Biliary Stricture. Clin Endosc. 2020; 53 (3): 266–275. doi: 10.5946/ce.2020.095.Jang SI, Cho JH, Lee DK. Magnetic Compression Anastomosis for the Treatment of Post-Transplant Biliary Stricture. Clin Endosc. 2020; 53 (3): 266–275. doi: 10.5946/ce.2020.095.Монахов АР, Миронков БЛ, Восканов МА, Мещеряков СВ, Азоев ЭТ, Семаш КО и др. Лечение стриктур билиодигестивного анастомоза после трансплантации левого латерального сектора печени. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2020; 22 (3): 18–25. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-3-18-25.Monakhov AR, Mironkov BL, Voskanov MA, Meshcheryakov SV, Azoev ET, Semash KO et al. Treatment of biliodigestive anastomotic strictures after transplantation of left lateral segment of the liver. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2020; 22 (3): 18–25. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-3-18-25.Monakhov A, Mironkov B, Tsiroulnikova O, Voskanov M, Dzhanbekov T, Semash K et al. Interventional Radiology in Complication Management after Pediatric Liver Transplantation. Transplantation. 2018; 102 (Suppl 7): S150. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000542777.01469.8e.Monakhov A, Mironkov B, Tsiroulnikova O, Voskanov M, Dzhanbekov T, Semash K et al. Interventional Radiology in Complication Management after Pediatric Liver Transplantation. Transplantation. 2018; 102 (Suppl 7): S150. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000542777.01469.8e.Готье СВ, Восканов МА, Монахов АР, Семаш КО. Роль эндоваскулярных и эндобилиарных методов в лечении осложнений после трансплантации печени. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2020; 22 (4): 140–148. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-4-140-148.Gautier SV, Voskanov MA, Monakhov AR, Semash KO. The role of endovascular and endobiliary methods in the treatment of post-liver transplant complications. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2020; 22 (4): 140–148. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-4-140-148.Arain MA, Attam R, Freeman ML. Advances in endoscopic management of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2013; 19 (5): 482– 498. doi: 10.1002/lt.23624.Arain MA, Attam R, Freeman ML. Advances in endoscopic management of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2013; 19 (5): 482– 498. doi: 10.1002/lt.23624.Tsujino T, Isayama H, Sugawara Y, Sasaki T, Kogure H, Nakai Y et al. Endoscopic management of biliary complications after adult living donor liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006; 101 (10): 2230–2236. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00797.x.Tsujino T, Isayama H, Sugawara Y, Sasaki T, Kogure H, Nakai Y et al. Endoscopic management of biliary complications after adult living donor liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006; 101 (10): 2230–2236. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00797.x.Fasullo M, Shah T, Zhou H, Siddiqui MS. Post-Transplant Biliary Strictures: An Updated Review. Semin Liver Dis. 2022; 42 (2): 225–232. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1744144.Fasullo M, Shah T, Zhou H, Siddiqui MS. Post-Transplant Biliary Strictures: An Updated Review. Semin Liver Dis. 2022; 42 (2): 225–232. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1744144.Rerknimitr R, Sherman S, Fogel EL, Kalayci C, Lumeng L, Chalasani N et al. Biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation with choledochocholedochostomy anastomosis: endoscopic findings and results of therapy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002; 55 (2): 224–231. doi: 10.1067/mge.2002.120813.Rerknimitr R, Sherman S, Fogel EL, Kalayci C, Lumeng L, Chalasani N et al. Biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation with choledochocholedochostomy anastomosis: endoscopic findings and results of therapy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002; 55 (2): 224–231. doi: 10.1067/mge.2002.120813.Pfau PR, Kochman ML, Lewis JD, Long WB, Lucey MR, Olthoff K et al. Endoscopic management of postoperative biliary complications in orthotopic liver transplantation. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000; 52 (1): 55–63. doi: 10.1067/mge.2000.106687.Pfau PR, Kochman ML, Lewis JD, Long WB, Lucey MR, Olthoff K et al. Endoscopic management of postoperative biliary complications in orthotopic liver transplantation. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000; 52 (1): 55–63. doi: 10.1067/mge.2000.106687.Moench C, Moench K, Lohse AW, Thies J, Otto G. Prevention of ischemic-type biliary lesions by arterial back-table pressure perfusion. Liver Transpl. 2003; 9 (3): 285–289. doi: 10.1053/jlts.2003.50015.Moench C, Moench K, Lohse AW, Thies J, Otto G. Prevention of ischemic-type biliary lesions by arterial back-table pressure perfusion. Liver Transpl. 2003; 9 (3): 285–289. doi: 10.1053/jlts.2003.50015.Pan B, Liu W, Ou YJ, Zhang YQ, Jiang D, Li YC et al. Gastroduodenal artery disconnection during liver transplantation decreases non-anastomotic stricture incidence. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2023; 22 (1): 28–33. doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.09.013.Pan B, Liu W, Ou YJ, Zhang YQ, Jiang D, Li YC et al. Gastroduodenal artery disconnection during liver transplantation decreases non-anastomotic stricture incidence. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2023; 22 (1): 28–33. doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.09.013.Thuluvath PJ, Atassi T, Lee J. An endoscopic approach to biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Int. 2003; 23 (3): 156–162. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2003.00823.x.Thuluvath PJ, Atassi T, Lee J. An endoscopic approach to biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Int. 2003; 23 (3): 156–162. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2003.00823.x.Gambaccini D, Ruggiero L, Marciano E. Cholangioscopy in Recurrent Cholangitis after Liver Transplantation: Selective Guidewire Cannulation of Non-anastomotic Biliary Stricture. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2022; 31 (4): 381. Published 2022 Dec 16. doi: 10.15403/jgld4552.Gambaccini D, Ruggiero L, Marciano E. Cholangioscopy in Recurrent Cholangitis after Liver Transplantation: Selective Guidewire Cannulation of Non-anastomotic Biliary Stricture. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2022; 31 (4): 381. Published 2022 Dec 16. doi: 10.15403/jgld4552.Boeva I, Karagyozov PI, Tishkov I. Post-liver transplant biliary complications: Current knowledge and therapeutic advances. World J Hepatol. 2021; 13 (1): 66–79. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.66.Boeva I, Karagyozov PI, Tishkov I. Post-liver transplant biliary complications: Current knowledge and therapeutic advances. World J Hepatol. 2021; 13 (1): 66–79. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.66.Suo L, Liang X, Zhang W, Ma T, Gao Z. Risk Factors Related to Early Biliary Complications After Liver Transplantation: a Single-Center Analysis. Transplant Proc. 2023; 55 (1): 164–169. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.12.007.Suo L, Liang X, Zhang W, Ma T, Gao Z. Risk Factors Related to Early Biliary Complications After Liver Transplantation: a Single-Center Analysis. Transplant Proc. 2023; 55 (1): 164–169. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.12.007.Kim ES, Lee BJ, Won JY, Choi JY, Lee DK. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage may serve as a successful rescue procedure in failed cases of endoscopic therapy for a post-living donor liver transplantation biliary stricture. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 (1): 38–46. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.03.1113.Kim ES, Lee BJ, Won JY, Choi JY, Lee DK. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage may serve as a successful rescue procedure in failed cases of endoscopic therapy for a post-living donor liver transplantation biliary stricture. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 (1): 38–46. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.03.1113.Parsi MA, Stevens T, Dumot JA, Zuccaro G Jr. Endoscopic therapy of recurrent acute pancreatitis. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009; 76 (4): 225–233. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.76a.08017.Parsi MA, Stevens T, Dumot JA, Zuccaro G Jr. Endoscopic therapy of recurrent acute pancreatitis. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009; 76 (4): 225–233. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.76a.08017.Nasr JY, Slivka A. Endoscopic approach to the post liver transplant patient. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2013; 23 (2): 473–481. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2012.12.014.Nasr JY, Slivka A. Endoscopic approach to the post liver transplant patient. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2013; 23 (2): 473–481. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2012.12.014.Kinner S, Dechêne A, Paul A, Umutlu L, Ladd SC, de Dechêne EM et al. Detection of biliary stenoses in patients after liver transplantation: is there a different diagnostic accuracy of MRCP depending on the type of biliary anastomosis? Eur J Radiol. 2011; 80 (2): e20–e28. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.003.Kinner S, Dechêne A, Paul A, Umutlu L, Ladd SC, de Dechêne EM et al. Detection of biliary stenoses in patients after liver transplantation: is there a different diagnostic accuracy of MRCP depending on the type of biliary anastomosis? Eur J Radiol. 2011; 80 (2): e20–e28. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.003.Shah JN, Haigh WG, Lee SP, Lucey MR, Brensinger CM, Kochman ML et al. Biliary casts after orthotopic liver transplantation: clinical factors, treatment, biochemical analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003; 98 (8): 1861–1867. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07617.x.Shah JN, Haigh WG, Lee SP, Lucey MR, Brensinger CM, Kochman ML et al. Biliary casts after orthotopic liver transplantation: clinical factors, treatment, biochemical analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003; 98 (8): 1861–1867. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07617.x.Buxbaum JL, Biggins SW, Bagatelos KC, Ostroff JW. Predictors of endoscopic treatment outcomes in the management of biliary problems after liver transplantation at a high-volume academic center. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 73 (1): 37–44. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.09.007.Buxbaum JL, Biggins SW, Bagatelos KC, Ostroff JW. Predictors of endoscopic treatment outcomes in the management of biliary problems after liver transplantation at a high-volume academic center. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 73 (1): 37–44. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.09.007.Chatterjee S, Das D, Hudson M, Bassendine MF, Scott J, Oppong KE et al. Mucocele of the cystic duct remnant after orthotopic liver transplant: a problem revisited. Exp Clin Transplant. 2011; 9 (3): 214–216.Chatterjee S, Das D, Hudson M, Bassendine MF, Scott J, Oppong KE et al. Mucocele of the cystic duct remnant after orthotopic liver transplant: a problem revisited. Exp Clin Transplant. 2011; 9 (3): 214–216.Park TY, Lee SK, Nam K, Oh D, Song TJ, Park DH et al. Spontaneous hemobilia after liver transplantation: Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of endoscopic management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 32 (3): 583–588. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13497.Park TY, Lee SK, Nam K, Oh D, Song TJ, Park DH et al. Spontaneous hemobilia after liver transplantation: Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of endoscopic management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 32 (3): 583–588. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13497.Parsi MA. Hemobilia: endoscopic, fluoroscopic, and cholangioscopic diagnosis. Hepatology. 2010; 52 (6): 2237–2238. doi: 10.1002/hep.23948.Parsi MA. Hemobilia: endoscopic, fluoroscopic, and cholangioscopic diagnosis. Hepatology. 2010; 52 (6): 2237–2238. doi: 10.1002/hep.23948.Shinjo K, Matsubayashi H, Matsui T, Kawata N, Uemura S, Yamamoto Y, Ono H. Biliary hemostasis using an endoscopic plastic stent placement for uncontrolled hemobilia caused by transpapillary forceps biopsy (with video). Clin J Gastroenterol. 2016; 9 (2): 86–88. doi: 10.1007/s12328-016-0637-8.Shinjo K, Matsubayashi H, Matsui T, Kawata N, Uemura S, Yamamoto Y, Ono H. Biliary hemostasis using an endoscopic plastic stent placement for uncontrolled hemobilia caused by transpapillary forceps biopsy (with video). Clin J Gastroenterol. 2016; 9 (2): 86–88. doi: 10.1007/s12328-016-0637-8.Goenka MK, Harwani Y, Rai V, Goenka U. Fully covered self-expandable metal biliary stent for hemobilia caused by portal biliopathy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014; 80 (6): 1175. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.03.029.Goenka MK, Harwani Y, Rai V, Goenka U. Fully covered self-expandable metal biliary stent for hemobilia caused by portal biliopathy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014; 80 (6): 1175. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.03.029.Torres V, Martinez N, Lee G, Almeda J, Gross G, Patel S, Rosenkranz L. How do we manage post-OLT redundant bile duct? World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (16): 2501–2506. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i16.2501.Torres V, Martinez N, Lee G, Almeda J, Gross G, Patel S, Rosenkranz L. How do we manage post-OLT redundant bile duct? World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (16): 2501–2506. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i16.2501.Choi JH, Lee SK. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy: does its role still exist? Clin Endosc. 2013; 46 (5): 529–536. doi: 10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.529.Choi JH, Lee SK. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy: does its role still exist? Clin Endosc. 2013; 46 (5): 529–536. doi: 10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.529.Heidenhain C, Rosch R, Neumann UP. Hepatobiliäre Anastomosentechniken [Hepatobiliary anastomosis techniques]. Chirurg. 2011; 82 (1): 7–10, 12–13. doi: 10.1007/s00104-010-1902-x.Heidenhain C, Rosch R, Neumann UP. Hepatobiliäre Anastomosentechniken [Hepatobiliary anastomosis techniques]. Chirurg. 2011; 82 (1): 7–10, 12–13. doi: 10.1007/s00104-010-1902-x.Baker TB, Zimmerman MA, Goodrich NP, Samstein B, Pomfret EA, Pomposelli JJ et al. Biliary reconstructive techniques and associated anatomic variants in adult living donor liver transplantations: The adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation cohort study experience. Liver Transpl. 2017; 23 (12): 1519–1530. doi: 10.1002/lt.24872.Baker TB, Zimmerman MA, Goodrich NP, Samstein B, Pomfret EA, Pomposelli JJ et al. Biliary reconstructive techniques and associated anatomic variants in adult living donor liver transplantations: The adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation cohort study experience. Liver Transpl. 2017; 23 (12): 1519–1530. doi: 10.1002/lt.24872.Magro B, Tacelli M, Mazzola A, Conti F, Celsa C. Biliary complications after liver transplantation: current perspectives and future strategies. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2019; 10 (1): 76–92. doi: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.09.01.Magro B, Tacelli M, Mazzola A, Conti F, Celsa C. Biliary complications after liver transplantation: current perspectives and future strategies. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2019; 10 (1): 76–92. doi: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.09.01.Dumortier J, Chambon-Augoyard C, Guillaud O, Pioche M, Rivory J, Valette PJ et al. Anastomotic biliobiliary stricture after adult liver transplantation: A retrospective study over 20 years in a single center. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2020 Sep; 44 (4): 564–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2019.08.008.Dumortier J, Chambon-Augoyard C, Guillaud O, Pioche M, Rivory J, Valette PJ et al. Anastomotic biliobiliary stricture after adult liver transplantation: A retrospective study over 20 years in a single center. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2020 Sep; 44 (4): 564–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2019.08.008.Melcher ML, Pomposelli JJ, Verbesey JE, McTaggart RA, Freise CE, Ascher NL et al. Comparison of biliary complications in adult living-donor liver transplants performed at two busy transplant centers. Clin Transplant. 2010; 24 (5): 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01189.x.Melcher ML, Pomposelli JJ, Verbesey JE, McTaggart RA, Freise CE, Ascher NL et al. Comparison of biliary complications in adult living-donor liver transplants performed at two busy transplant centers. Clin Transplant. 2010; 24 (5): 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01189.x.Egawa H, Inomata Y, Uemoto S, Asonuma K, Kiuchi T, Fujita S et al. Biliary anastomotic complications in 400 living related liver transplantations. World J Surg. 2001; 25 (10): 1300–1307. doi: 10.1007/s00268-001-0114-4.Egawa H, Inomata Y, Uemoto S, Asonuma K, Kiuchi T, Fujita S et al. Biliary anastomotic complications in 400 living related liver transplantations. World J Surg. 2001; 25 (10): 1300–1307. doi: 10.1007/s00268-001-0114-4.Germani G, Ferrarese A, Adam R, Karam V, Belli L, O’Grady J et al. Influence of Donor and Recipient Gender on Liver Transplantation Outcomes in Europe: A Eltr Study. J Hepatol. 2016; 64 (2): 537–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(16)00956-9.Germani G, Ferrarese A, Adam R, Karam V, Belli L, O’Grady J et al. Influence of Donor and Recipient Gender on Liver Transplantation Outcomes in Europe: A Eltr Study. J Hepatol. 2016; 64 (2): 537–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(16)00956-9.Hwang S, Lee SG, Sung KB, Park KM, Kim KH, Ahn CS et al. Long-term incidence, risk factors, and management of biliary complications after adult living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12 (5): 831– 838. doi: 10.1002/lt.20693.Hwang S, Lee SG, Sung KB, Park KM, Kim KH, Ahn CS et al. Long-term incidence, risk factors, and management of biliary complications after adult living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12 (5): 831– 838. doi: 10.1002/lt.20693.Marubashi S, Dono K, Nagano H, Kobayashi S, Takeda Y, Umeshita K et al. Biliary reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation: technical invention and risk factor analysis for anastomotic stricture. Transplantation. 2009; 88 (9): 1123–1130. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ba184a.Marubashi S, Dono K, Nagano H, Kobayashi S, Takeda Y, Umeshita K et al. Biliary reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation: technical invention and risk factor analysis for anastomotic stricture. Transplantation. 2009; 88 (9): 1123–1130. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ba184a.Castaldo ET, Pinson CW, Feurer ID, Wright JK, Gorden DL, Kelly BS, Chari RS. Continuous versus interrupted suture for end-to-end biliary anastomosis during liver transplantation gives equal results. Liver Transpl. 2007; 13 (2): 234–238. doi: 10.1002/lt.20986.Castaldo ET, Pinson CW, Feurer ID, Wright JK, Gorden DL, Kelly BS, Chari RS. Continuous versus interrupted suture for end-to-end biliary anastomosis during liver transplantation gives equal results. Liver Transpl. 2007; 13 (2): 234–238. doi: 10.1002/lt.20986.Kasahara M, Egawa H, Takada Y, Oike F, Sakamoto S, Kiuchi T et al. Biliary reconstruction in right lobe livingdonor liver transplantation: Comparison of different techniques in 321 recipients. Ann Surg. 2006; 243 (4): 559–566. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000206419.65678.2e.Kasahara M, Egawa H, Takada Y, Oike F, Sakamoto S, Kiuchi T et al. Biliary reconstruction in right lobe livingdonor liver transplantation: Comparison of different techniques in 321 recipients. Ann Surg. 2006; 243 (4): 559–566. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000206419.65678.2e.Soejima Y, Taketomi A, Yoshizumi T, Uchiyama H, Harada N, Ijichi H et al. Biliary strictures in living donor liver transplantation: incidence, management, and technical evolution. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12 (6): 979–986. doi: 10.1002/lt.20740.Soejima Y, Taketomi A, Yoshizumi T, Uchiyama H, Harada N, Ijichi H et al. Biliary strictures in living donor liver transplantation: incidence, management, and technical evolution. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12 (6): 979–986. doi: 10.1002/lt.20740.Tashiro H, Itamoto T, Sasaki T, Ohdan H, Fudaba Y, Amano H et al. Biliary complications after duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in living-donor liver transplantation: causes and treatment. World J Surg. 2007; 31 (11): 2222–2229. doi: 10.1007/s00268-007-9217-x.Tashiro H, Itamoto T, Sasaki T, Ohdan H, Fudaba Y, Amano H et al. Biliary complications after duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in living-donor liver transplantation: causes and treatment. World J Surg. 2007; 31 (11): 2222–2229. doi: 10.1007/s00268-007-9217-x.Mita A, Hashikura Y, Masuda Y, Ohno Y, Urata K, Nakazawa Y et al. Nonsurgical policy for treatment of bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after living donor liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 2008; 21 (4): 320–327. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2007.00609.x.Mita A, Hashikura Y, Masuda Y, Ohno Y, Urata K, Nakazawa Y et al. Nonsurgical policy for treatment of bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after living donor liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 2008; 21 (4): 320–327. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2007.00609.x.Готье СВ, Монахов АР, Цирульникова ОМ, Латыпов РА, Джанбеков ТА, Мещеряков СВ и др. Сплиттрансплантация печени: опыт одного центра. Альманах клинической медицины. 2020; 48 (3): 162–170. doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-031.Gautier SV, Monakhov AR, Tsiroulnikova OM, Latypov RA, Dzhanbekov TA, Mescheryakov SV et al. Split liver transplantation: a single center experience. Almanac Of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 48 (3): 162–170. doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-031.Готье СВ, Цирульникова ОМ, Мойсюк ЯГ, Ахаладзе ДГ, Цирульникова ИЕ, Силина ОВ и др. Трансплантация печени детям: анализ шестилетнего опыта. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2014; 16 (3): 54–62. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2014-3-54-62.Gautier SV, Tsiroulnikova OM, Moysyuk YG, Akhaladze DG, Tsiroulnikova IE, Silina OV et al. Liver transplantation in children: sixyear experience analysis. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2014; 16 (3): 54–62. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2014-3-54-62.Sanada Y, Katano T, Hirata Y, Yamada N, Okada N, Ihara Y, Mizuta K. Biliary Complications Following Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Risk Factors, Treatments, and Prognosis. Transplantation. 2019; 103 (9): 1863–1870. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002572.Sanada Y, Katano T, Hirata Y, Yamada N, Okada N, Ihara Y, Mizuta K. Biliary Complications Following Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Risk Factors, Treatments, and Prognosis. Transplantation. 2019; 103 (9): 1863–1870. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002572.Ando H, Kaneko K, Ono Y, Tainaka T, Kawai Y. Biliary reconstruction with wide-interval interrupted suture to prevent biliary complications in pediatric living-donor liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2011; 18 (1): 26–31. doi: 10.1007/s00534-010-0301-5.Ando H, Kaneko K, Ono Y, Tainaka T, Kawai Y. Biliary reconstruction with wide-interval interrupted suture to prevent biliary complications in pediatric living-donor liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2011; 18 (1): 26–31. doi: 10.1007/s00534-010-0301-5.Монахов АР, Джанбеков ТА, Мещеряков СВ, Семаш КО, Хизроев ХМ, Восканов МА. Каркасное дренирование желчных протоков при билиарной реконструкции при трансплантации левого латерального сектора печени. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2020; 22 (S): 74.Monakhov AR, Dzhanbekov TA, Meshcheryakov SV, Semash KO, Khizroev KhM, Voskanov MA. Karkasnoe drenirovanie zhelchnykh protokov pri biliarnoy rekonstruktsii pri transplantatsii levogo lateral’nogo sektora pecheni. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2020; 22 (S): 74.Готье СВ, Монахов АР, Цирульникова ОМ, Джанбеков ТА, Мещеряков СВ, Семаш КО. Ретроспективный анализ применения модификации билиарной реконструкции при трансплантации левого латерального сектора печени. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2017; 19 (S): 92–93.Gautier SV, Monakhov AR, Tsirul’nikova OM, Dzhanbekov TA, Meshcheryakov SV, Semash KO. Retrospektivnyy analiz primeneniya modifikatsii biliarnoy rekonstruktsii pri transplantatsii levogo lateral’nogo sektora pecheni. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2017; 19 (S): 92–93.Gautier S, Monakhov A, Tsiroulnikova O, Dzhanbekov T, Meshcheryakov S, Semash K et al. Retrospective Analysis of Using the Modified in Pediatric Recipients of Left Lateral Segment Liver Graft. Transplantation. 2018; 102 (Suppl 7): S153. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000542783.78359.bf.Gautier S, Monakhov A, Tsiroulnikova O, Dzhanbekov T, Meshcheryakov S, Semash K et al. Retrospective Analysis of Using the Modified in Pediatric Recipients of Left Lateral Segment Liver Graft. Transplantation. 2018; 102 (Suppl 7): S153. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000542783.78359.bf.Scatton O, Meunier B, Cherqui D, Boillot O, Sauvanet A, Boudjema K et al. Randomized trial of choledochocholedochostomy with or without a T tube in orthotopic liver transplantation. Ann Surg. 2001; 233 (3): 432–437. doi: 10.1097/00000658-200103000-00019.Scatton O, Meunier B, Cherqui D, Boillot O, Sauvanet A, Boudjema K et al. Randomized trial of choledochocholedochostomy with or without a T tube in orthotopic liver transplantation. Ann Surg. 2001; 233 (3): 432–437. doi: 10.1097/00000658-200103000-00019.Weiss S, Schmidt SC, Ulrich F, Pascher A, Schumacher G, Stockmann M et al. Biliary reconstruction using a side-to-side choledochocholedochostomy with or without T-tube in deceased donor liver transplantation: a prospective randomized trial. Ann Surg. 2009; 250 (5): 766–771. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181bd920a.Weiss S, Schmidt SC, Ulrich F, Pascher A, Schumacher G, Stockmann M et al. Biliary reconstruction using a side-to-side choledochocholedochostomy with or without T-tube in deceased donor liver transplantation: a prospective randomized trial. Ann Surg. 2009; 250 (5): 766–771. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181bd920a.Barbas AS, Goldaracena N, Dib MJ, Al-Adra DP, Aravinthan AD, Lilly LB et al. Early Intervention With Live Donor Liver Transplantation Reduces Resource Utilization in NASH: The Toronto Experience. Transplant Direct. 2017 May 10; 3 (6): e158. doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000674.Barbas AS, Goldaracena N, Dib MJ, Al-Adra DP, Aravinthan AD, Lilly LB et al. Early Intervention With Live Donor Liver Transplantation Reduces Resource Utilization in NASH: The Toronto Experience. Transplant Direct. 2017 May 10; 3 (6): e158. doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000674.Reichman TW, Katchman H, Tanaka T, Greig PD, McGilvray ID, Cattral MS et al. Living donor versus deceased donor liver transplantation: a surgeon-matched comparison of recipient morbidity and outcomes. Transpl Int. 2013 Aug; 26 (8): 780–787. doi: 10.1111/tri.12127.Reichman TW, Katchman H, Tanaka T, Greig PD, McGilvray ID, Cattral MS et al. Living donor versus deceased donor liver transplantation: a surgeon-matched comparison of recipient morbidity and outcomes. Transpl Int. 2013 Aug; 26 (8): 780–787. doi: 10.1111/tri.12127.Lei J, Yan L, Wang W. Comparison of the outcomes of patients who underwent deceased-donor or living-donor liver transplantation after successful downstaging therapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Nov; 25 (11): 1340–1346. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283622743.Lei J, Yan L, Wang W. Comparison of the outcomes of patients who underwent deceased-donor or living-donor liver transplantation after successful downstaging therapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Nov; 25 (11): 1340–1346. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283622743.Li C, Mi K, Wen Tf, Yan Ln, Li B, Yang Jy et al. Outcomes of Patients with Benign Liver Diseases Undergoing Living Donor versus Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation. PLoS One. 2011; 6 (11): e27366. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027366.Li C, Mi K, Wen Tf, Yan Ln, Li B, Yang Jy et al. Outcomes of Patients with Benign Liver Diseases Undergoing Living Donor versus Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation. PLoS One. 2011; 6 (11): e27366. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027366.Chok KS, Fung JY, Chan AC, Dai WC, Sharr WW, Cheung TT et al. Comparable Short- and Long-term Outcomes in Living Donor and Deceased Donor Liver Transplantations for Patients With Model for End-stage Liver Disease Scores ≥35 in a Hepatitis-B Endemic Area. Ann Surg. 2017 Jan; 265 (1): 173–177. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001671.Chok KS, Fung JY, Chan AC, Dai WC, Sharr WW, Cheung TT et al. Comparable Short- and Long-term Outcomes in Living Donor and Deceased Donor Liver Transplantations for Patients With Model for End-stage Liver Disease Scores ≥35 in a Hepatitis-B Endemic Area. Ann Surg. 2017 Jan; 265 (1): 173–177. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001671.Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, Wei WI, Chan SC, Yong BH, Wong J. Operative outcomes of adult-to-adult right lobe live donor liver transplantation: a comparative study with cadaveric whole-graft liver transplantation in a single center. Ann Surg. 2006 Mar; 243 (3): 404–410. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000201544.36473.a2.Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, Wei WI, Chan SC, Yong BH, Wong J. Operative outcomes of adult-to-adult right lobe live donor liver transplantation: a comparative study with cadaveric whole-graft liver transplantation in a single center. Ann Surg. 2006 Mar; 243 (3): 404–410. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000201544.36473.a2.Wan P, Zhang JJ, Li QG, Xu N, Zhang M, Chen XS et al. Living-donor or deceased-donor liver transplantation for hepatic carcinoma: a case-matched comparison. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Apr 21; 20 (15): 4393–4400. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4393.Wan P, Zhang JJ, Li QG, Xu N, Zhang M, Chen XS et al. Living-donor or deceased-donor liver transplantation for hepatic carcinoma: a case-matched comparison. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Apr 21; 20 (15): 4393–4400. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4393.Hu Z, Qian Z, Wu J, Zhou J, Zhang M, Zhou L, Zheng S. Clinical outcomes and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by liver transplantation: A multi-centre comparison of living donor and deceased donor transplantation. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2016 Jun; 40 (3): 315–326. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.08.003.Hu Z, Qian Z, Wu J, Zhou J, Zhang M, Zhou L, Zheng S. Clinical outcomes and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by liver transplantation: A multi-centre comparison of living donor and deceased donor transplantation. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2016 Jun; 40 (3): 315–326. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.08.003.Kim DS, Yu YD, Jung SW, Yang KS, Seo YS, Um SH, Suh SO. Balanced approach can help initial outcomes: analysis of initial 50 cases of a new liver transplantation program in East Asia. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2014 Jul; 87 (1): 22–27. doi: 10.4174/astr.2014.87.1.22. Epub 2014 Jun 24.Kim DS, Yu YD, Jung SW, Yang KS, Seo YS, Um SH, Suh SO. Balanced approach can help initial outcomes: analysis of initial 50 cases of a new liver transplantation program in East Asia. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2014 Jul; 87 (1): 22–27. doi: 10.4174/astr.2014.87.1.22. Epub 2014 Jun 24.Kim EJ, Lim S, Chu CW, Ryu JH, Yang K, Park YM et al. Clinical Impacts of Donor Types of Living vs. Deceased Donors: Predictors of One-Year Mortality in Patients with Liver Transplantation. J Korean Med Sci. 2017 Aug; 32 (8): 1258–1262. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.8.1258.Kim EJ, Lim S, Chu CW, Ryu JH, Yang K, Park YM et al. Clinical Impacts of Donor Types of Living vs. Deceased Donors: Predictors of One-Year Mortality in Patients with Liver Transplantation. J Korean Med Sci. 2017 Aug; 32 (8): 1258–1262. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.8.1258.Jiang L, Yan L, Tan Y, Li B, Wen T, Yang J, Zhao J. Adult-to-adult right-lobe living donor liver transplantation in recipients with hepatitis B virus-related benign liver disease and high model end-stage liver disease scores. Surg Today. 2013 Sep; 43 (9): 1039–1048. doi: 10.1007/s00595-013-0539-z. Epub 2013 Mar 7. PMID: 23467980.Jiang L, Yan L, Tan Y, Li B, Wen T, Yang J, Zhao J. Adult-to-adult right-lobe living donor liver transplantation in recipients with hepatitis B virus-related benign liver disease and high model end-stage liver disease scores. Surg Today. 2013 Sep; 43 (9): 1039–1048. doi: 10.1007/s00595-013-0539-z. Epub 2013 Mar 7. PMID: 23467980.Латыпов РА. Сплит-трансплантация печени: дис. … канд. мед. наук. М., 2019; 125.Latypov RA. Splittransplantatsiya pecheni. [Dissertation]. M., 2019; 215.Dalzell C, Vargas PA, Soltys K, Dipaola F, Mazariegos G, Oberholzer J, Goldaracena N. Living Donor Liver Transplantation vs. Split Liver Transplantation Using Left Lateral Segment Grafts in Pediatric Recipients: An Analysis of the UNOS Database. Transpl Int. 2022 Mar 22; 36: 10437. doi: 10.3389/ti.2022.10437.Dalzell C, Vargas PA, Soltys K, Dipaola F, Mazariegos G, Oberholzer J, Goldaracena N. Living Donor Liver Transplantation vs. Split Liver Transplantation Using Left Lateral Segment Grafts in Pediatric Recipients: An Analysis of the UNOS Database. Transpl Int. 2022 Mar 22; 36: 10437. doi: 10.3389/ti.2022.10437.Yoon KC, Song S, Lee S, Kim OK, Hong SK, Yi NJ et al. Outcomes of Split Liver Transplantation vs Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Pediatric Patients: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study in Korea. Ann Transplant. 2022 May 3; 27: e935682. doi: 10.12659/AOT.935682.Yoon KC, Song S, Lee S, Kim OK, Hong SK, Yi NJ et al. Outcomes of Split Liver Transplantation vs Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Pediatric Patients: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study in Korea. Ann Transplant. 2022 May 3; 27: e935682. doi: 10.12659/AOT.935682.Diamond IR, Fecteau A, Millis JM, Losanoff JE, Ng V, Anand R, Song C; SPLIT Research Group. Impact of graft type on outcome in pediatric liver transplantation: a report From Studies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT). Ann Surg. 2007 Aug; 246 (2): 301–310. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3180caa415.Diamond IR, Fecteau A, Millis JM, Losanoff JE, Ng V, Anand R, Song C; SPLIT Research Group. Impact of graft type on outcome in pediatric liver transplantation: a report From Studies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT). Ann Surg. 2007 Aug; 246 (2): 301–310. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3180caa415.Liu JY, Zhang JR, Sun LY, Zhu ZJ, Wei L, Qu W et al. Impact of cytomegalovirus infection on biliary disease after liver transplantation – maybe an essential factor. World J Clin Cases. 2021 Dec 16; 9 (35): 10792–10804. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.10792.Liu JY, Zhang JR, Sun LY, Zhu ZJ, Wei L, Qu W et al. Impact of cytomegalovirus infection on biliary disease after liver transplantation – maybe an essential factor. World J Clin Cases. 2021 Dec 16; 9 (35): 10792–10804. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.10792.Nemes B, Gámán G, Doros A. Biliary complications after liver transplantation. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Apr; 9 (4): 447–466. doi: 10.1586/17474124.2015.967761.Nemes B, Gámán G, Doros A. Biliary complications after liver transplantation. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Apr; 9 (4): 447–466. doi: 10.1586/17474124.2015.967761.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.