vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2024-1-78-87vtio-1741Research ArticleТрансплантация сердца и вспомогательное кровообращениеHeart Transplantation and Assisted CirculationМеханические устройства поддержки кровообращения для пациентов с малыми антропометрическими показателямиMechanical circulatory support devices for patients with small anthropometric indicatorsЕсиповаО. Ю.EsipovaO. Yu.

123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1

1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182

olgadmitrieva2008@yandex.ruЕсиповА. С.EsipovA. S.

Красногорск

Krasnogorsk

КулешовА. П.KuleshovA. P.

123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1

1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182

ГрудининН. В.GrudininN. V.

123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1

1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияShumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр высоких медицинских технологий имени А.А. Вишневского» Минобороны РоссииРоссияVishnevsky Central Military Clinical HospitalRussian Federation2024230120242617887Copyright © Есипова О.Ю., Есипов А.С., Кулешов А.П., Грудинин Н.В., 20242024Есипова О.Ю., Есипов А.С., Кулешов А.П., Грудинин Н.В.Esipova O.Y., Esipov A.S., Kuleshov A.P., Grudinin N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1741

В настоящее время появляются устройства механической поддержки кровообращения, разработанные специально для пациентов с малыми антропометрическими показателями. Был проведен подробный системный литературный анализ существующих систем для длительной поддержки кровообращения у данной когорты пациентов. Детально изучены устройства вспомогательного кровообращения, их основные технические и биологические характеристики. Несмотря на значительный научно-технический прогресс, до сих пор не существует технологии создания вспомогательного насоса для поддержки пациентов с малой площадью поверхности тела, включая широкий диапазон размеров пациентов, повышенную потребность сердечно-сосудистой системы в связи с ростом, анатомической и физиологической неоднородностью врожденных пороков сердца.

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, designed specifically for patients with small anthropometric parameters, are now emerging. A detailed systematic literature review of existing systems for long-term circulatory support in this patient cohort was conducted. Circulatory support devices and their main technical and biological characteristics were studied in detail. Despite significant scientific and technological progress, there is still no technology for creating an assist pump to support patients with small body surface area (BSA), given the wide range of patient sizes, increased cardiovascular demand due to growth, as well as anatomical and physiological heterogeneity of congenital heart disease.

механическая поддержка кровообращенияплощадь поверхности телаосевой насосцентробежный насосmechanical circulatory supportbody surface areaaxial pumpcentrifugal pumpReferencesWorld Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions. Lancet Glob Health. 2019; 7 (10): e1332–e1345.World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions. Lancet Glob Health. 2019; 7 (10): e1332–e1345.Roth GA, Abate D, Abate KH. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018; 392: 1736–1788.Roth GA, Abate D, Abate KH. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018; 392: 1736–1788.Das B. Current state of pediatric heart failure. Children. 2018; 5: 88.Das B. Current state of pediatric heart failure. Children. 2018; 5: 88.Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics’2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017; 135: e146–603.Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics’2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017; 135: e146–603.Adachi I, Jaquiss Robert DB. Mechanical circulatory support in children. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2016; 12 (2): 132–140.Adachi I, Jaquiss Robert DB. Mechanical circulatory support in children. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2016; 12 (2): 132–140.Rychik J. Forty years of the Fontan operation: a failed strategy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010; 13: 96–100.Rychik J. Forty years of the Fontan operation: a failed strategy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010; 13: 96–100.Khairy P, Fernandes SM, Mayer JE Jr, Triedman JK, Walsh EP, Lock JE, Landzberg MJ. Long-term survival, modes of death, and predictors of mortality in patients with Fontan surgery. Circulation. 2008; 117: 85–92.Khairy P, Fernandes SM, Mayer JE Jr, Triedman JK, Walsh EP, Lock JE, Landzberg MJ. Long-term survival, modes of death, and predictors of mortality in patients with Fontan surgery. Circulation. 2008; 117: 85–92.Fox C, Sarkisyan H, Stevens R, Arabia F, Fischer W, Rossano J et al. New versatile dual-support pediatric heart pump. Artif Organs. 2019; 43: 1055–1064.Fox C, Sarkisyan H, Stevens R, Arabia F, Fischer W, Rossano J et al. New versatile dual-support pediatric heart pump. Artif Organs. 2019; 43: 1055–1064.Almond CSD, Thiagarajan RR, Piercey GE, Gauvreau K, Blume ED, Bastardi HJ et al. Waiting list mortality among children listed for heart transplantation in the United States. Circulation. 2009; 119: 717–727.Almond CSD, Thiagarajan RR, Piercey GE, Gauvreau K, Blume ED, Bastardi HJ et al. Waiting list mortality among children listed for heart transplantation in the United States. Circulation. 2009; 119: 717–727.Dipchand AI. Current state of pediatric cardiac transplantation. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2018; 7: 31–55.Dipchand AI. Current state of pediatric cardiac transplantation. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2018; 7: 31–55.Schmidt T, Rosenthal D, Reinhartz O, Riemer K, He F, Hsia TY et al. Superior performance of continuous over pulsatile flow ventricular assist devices in the single ventricle circulation: a computational study. J Biomech. 2017; 52: 48–54.Schmidt T, Rosenthal D, Reinhartz O, Riemer K, He F, Hsia TY et al. Superior performance of continuous over pulsatile flow ventricular assist devices in the single ventricle circulation: a computational study. J Biomech. 2017; 52: 48–54.Бучнев АС, Кулешов АП, Дробышев АА, Иткин ГП. Гемодинамическая оценка нового метода генерации пульсирующего потока в системах сердечно-легочного обхода. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2019; 21 (3): 69–75.Buchnev AS, Kuleshov AP, Drobyshev AA, Itkin GP. Hemodynamic evaluation of a new method for generating pulsatile flow in cardiopulmonary bypass systems. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2019; 21 (3): 69–75.Бучнев АС, Кулешов АП, Есипова ОЮ, Дробышев АА, Грудинин НВ. Гемодинамическая оценка устройства генерации пульсирующего потока в системах обхода левого желудочка сердца. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2023; 25 (1): 106–112.Buchnev AS, Kuleshov AP, Esipova OYu, Drobyshev AA, Grudinin NV. Hemodynamic evaluation of pulsatile flow generation devices in left ventricular bypass systems. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2023; 25 (1): 106–112.Force M, Moroi M, Wang S, Kunselman AR, Ündar A. In vitro hemodynamic evaluation of ECG-synchronized pulsatile flow using i-Cor pump as short-term cardiac assist device for neonatal and pediatric population. Artif Organs. 2018; 42: E153–167.Force M, Moroi M, Wang S, Kunselman AR, Ündar A. In vitro hemodynamic evaluation of ECG-synchronized pulsatile flow using i-Cor pump as short-term cardiac assist device for neonatal and pediatric population. Artif Organs. 2018; 42: E153–167.Gohean JR, Larson ER, Hsi BH, Kurusz M, Smalling RW, Longoria RG. Scaling the low-shear pulsatile TORVAD for pediatric heart failure. ASAIO J. 2017; 63: 198–206.Gohean JR, Larson ER, Hsi BH, Kurusz M, Smalling RW, Longoria RG. Scaling the low-shear pulsatile TORVAD for pediatric heart failure. ASAIO J. 2017; 63: 198–206.Lorts A, Eghtesady P, Mehegan M, Adachi I, Villa C, Davies R et al. Outcomes of children supported with devices labeled as «temporary» or short term: a report from the pediatric interagency registry for mechanical circulatory support. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2018; 37: 54–60.Lorts A, Eghtesady P, Mehegan M, Adachi I, Villa C, Davies R et al. Outcomes of children supported with devices labeled as «temporary» or short term: a report from the pediatric interagency registry for mechanical circulatory support. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2018; 37: 54–60.Yarlagadda V, Maeda K, Zhang Y, Chen S, Dykes JC, Gowen MA et al. Temporary circulatory support in U.S. children awaiting heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 70 (18): 2250–2260.Yarlagadda V, Maeda K, Zhang Y, Chen S, Dykes JC, Gowen MA et al. Temporary circulatory support in U.S. children awaiting heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 70 (18): 2250–2260.Feber J, Krásničanová H. Measures of body surface area in children. Handbook of anthropometry. 2012; 1: 1249–1256.Feber J, Krásničanová H. Measures of body surface area in children. Handbook of anthropometry. 2012; 1: 1249–1256.Hetzer R, Alexi-Meskishvili V, Weng Y, Hübler M, Potapov E, Drews T et al. Mechanical Cardiac Support in the Young with the Berlin Heart EXCOR Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Device: 15 Years Experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Ann. 2006; 9: 99–108.Hetzer R, Alexi-Meskishvili V, Weng Y, Hübler M, Potapov E, Drews T et al. Mechanical Cardiac Support in the Young with the Berlin Heart EXCOR Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Device: 15 Years Experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Ann. 2006; 9: 99–108.Morales DL, Almond CS, Jaquiss RD, Rosenthal DN, Naftel DC, Massicotte MP et al. Bridging children of all sizes to cardiac transplantation: the initial multicenter North American experience with the Berlin Heart EXCOR ventricular assist device. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011; 30: 1–8.Morales DL, Almond CS, Jaquiss RD, Rosenthal DN, Naftel DC, Massicotte MP et al. Bridging children of all sizes to cardiac transplantation: the initial multicenter North American experience with the Berlin Heart EXCOR ventricular assist device. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011; 30: 1–8.Humpl T, Furness S, Gruenwald C. The Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatrics – The SickKids Experience 2004–2008. Artif Organs. 2010; 34: 1082–1086.Humpl T, Furness S, Gruenwald C. The Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatrics – The SickKids Experience 2004–2008. Artif Organs. 2010; 34: 1082–1086.Sharp MK, Gregg M, Brock G, Nair N, Sahetya S, Austin EH et al. Comparison of blood viscoelasticity in pediatric and adult cardiac patients. Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2017; 8: 182–192.Sharp MK, Gregg M, Brock G, Nair N, Sahetya S, Austin EH et al. Comparison of blood viscoelasticity in pediatric and adult cardiac patients. Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2017; 8: 182–192.Good BC, Deutsch S, Manning KB. Hemodynamics in a pediatric ascending aorta using a viscoelastic pediatric blood model. Ann Biomed Eng. 2016; 44: 1019–1035.Good BC, Deutsch S, Manning KB. Hemodynamics in a pediatric ascending aorta using a viscoelastic pediatric blood model. Ann Biomed Eng. 2016; 44: 1019–1035.Long JA, Ündar A, Manning KB, Deutsch S. Viscoelasticity of pediatric blood and its implications for the testing of a pulsatile pediatric blood pump. ASAIO J. 2005; 51: 563–566.Long JA, Ündar A, Manning KB, Deutsch S. Viscoelasticity of pediatric blood and its implications for the testing of a pulsatile pediatric blood pump. ASAIO J. 2005; 51: 563–566.Chen Z, Zhang J, Li T, Tran D, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. The Impact of Shear Stress on Device-Induced Platelet Hemostatic Dysfunction Relevant to Thrombosis and Bleeding in Mechanically Assisted Circulation. Artif Organs. 2020; 44 (8): E201–E213.Chen Z, Zhang J, Li T, Tran D, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. The Impact of Shear Stress on Device-Induced Platelet Hemostatic Dysfunction Relevant to Thrombosis and Bleeding in Mechanically Assisted Circulation. Artif Organs. 2020; 44 (8): E201–E213.Conway J, Bozso SJ. Expanding the use of temporary ventricular assist devices in pediatric patients: rise of the machines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 70: 2261–2273.Conway J, Bozso SJ. Expanding the use of temporary ventricular assist devices in pediatric patients: rise of the machines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 70: 2261–2273.Vasavada R, Khan S, Qiu F, Kunselman A, Undar A. Impact of oxygenator selection on hemodynamic energy indicators under pulsatile and non-pulsatile flow in a neonatal ECLS model. Artif Organs. 2011; 31: 101–107.Vasavada R, Khan S, Qiu F, Kunselman A, Undar A. Impact of oxygenator selection on hemodynamic energy indicators under pulsatile and non-pulsatile flow in a neonatal ECLS model. Artif Organs. 2011; 31: 101–107.Qiu F, Khan S, Talor J, Kunselman A, Undar A. Evaluation of two pediatric polymethyl pentene membrane oxygenators with pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion. Perfusion. 2011; 26: 229–238.Qiu F, Khan S, Talor J, Kunselman A, Undar A. Evaluation of two pediatric polymethyl pentene membrane oxygenators with pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion. Perfusion. 2011; 26: 229–238.Shen I, Levy FH, Vocelka CR, O’Rourke PP, Duncan BW, Thomas R, Verrier ED. Effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on left ventricular function of swine. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001; 71: 862–867.Shen I, Levy FH, Vocelka CR, O’Rourke PP, Duncan BW, Thomas R, Verrier ED. Effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on left ventricular function of swine. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001; 71: 862–867.Jeewa A, Manlhiot C, McCrindle BW, van Arsdell G, Humpl T, Dipchand AI. Outcomes with ventricular assist device versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to pediatric heart transplantation. Artif Organs. 2010; 34: 1087–1091.Jeewa A, Manlhiot C, McCrindle BW, van Arsdell G, Humpl T, Dipchand AI. Outcomes with ventricular assist device versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to pediatric heart transplantation. Artif Organs. 2010; 34: 1087–1091.Spigel ZA, Cho J, Adachi I. Current status of pediatric mechanical circulatory support. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2020; 25: 231–6.Spigel ZA, Cho J, Adachi I. Current status of pediatric mechanical circulatory support. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2020; 25: 231–6.National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. NHLBI funds preclinical tests on devices for infants and children with congenital heart defects. Bethesda: National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2010.National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. NHLBI funds preclinical tests on devices for infants and children with congenital heart defects. Bethesda: National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2010.Baldwin JT, Borovetz HS, Duncan BW, Gartner MJ, Jarvik RK, Weiss WJ. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pediatric Circulatory Support Program. A summary of the 5-Year Experience. Circulation. 2011; 123: 1233–1240.Baldwin JT, Borovetz HS, Duncan BW, Gartner MJ, Jarvik RK, Weiss WJ. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pediatric Circulatory Support Program. A summary of the 5-Year Experience. Circulation. 2011; 123: 1233–1240.Johnson CA Jr, Vandenberghe S, Daly AR, Woolley JR, Snyder ST, Verkaik JE et al. Biocompatibility Assessment of the First Generation PediaFlow Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device. Artif Organs. 2011; 35: 9–21.Johnson CA Jr, Vandenberghe S, Daly AR, Woolley JR, Snyder ST, Verkaik JE et al. Biocompatibility Assessment of the First Generation PediaFlow Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device. Artif Organs. 2011; 35: 9–21.Duncan BW, Dudzinski DT, Gu L, Mielke N, Noecker AM, Kopcak MW et al. The PediPump: development status of a new pediatric ventricular assist device: update II. ASAIO J. 2006; 52 (5): 581–587.Duncan BW, Dudzinski DT, Gu L, Mielke N, Noecker AM, Kopcak MW et al. The PediPump: development status of a new pediatric ventricular assist device: update II. ASAIO J. 2006; 52 (5): 581–587.Pantalos GM, Horrell T, Merkley T, Sahetya S, Speakman J, Johnson G, Gartner M. In vitro Characterization and Performance Testing of the Ension Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Assist System. ASAIO J. 2009; 55: 282–286.Pantalos GM, Horrell T, Merkley T, Sahetya S, Speakman J, Johnson G, Gartner M. In vitro Characterization and Performance Testing of the Ension Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Assist System. ASAIO J. 2009; 55: 282–286.Jarvik R. Jarvik 2000 pump technology and miniaturization. Heart Fail Clin. 2014; 10 (1): 27–38.Jarvik R. Jarvik 2000 pump technology and miniaturization. Heart Fail Clin. 2014; 10 (1): 27–38.Carney EL, Clark JB, Myers JL, Peterson R, Wilson RP, Weiss WJ. Animal model development for the Penn State pediatric ventricular assist device. Artif Organs. 2009; 33: 953–957.Carney EL, Clark JB, Myers JL, Peterson R, Wilson RP, Weiss WJ. Animal model development for the Penn State pediatric ventricular assist device. Artif Organs. 2009; 33: 953–957.Miera O, Schmitt KRL, Delmo-Walter E, Ovroutski S, Hetzer R, Berger F. Pump size of Berlin heart EXCOR pediatric device influences clinical outcome in children. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014; 33: 816–21.Miera O, Schmitt KRL, Delmo-Walter E, Ovroutski S, Hetzer R, Berger F. Pump size of Berlin heart EXCOR pediatric device influences clinical outcome in children. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014; 33: 816–21.Jaquiss RDB, Humpl T, Canter CE, Morales DLS, Rosenthal DN, Fraser CD. Postapproval outcomes: the Berlin heart EXCOR pediatric in North America. ASAIOJ. 2017; 63: 193–197.Jaquiss RDB, Humpl T, Canter CE, Morales DLS, Rosenthal DN, Fraser CD. Postapproval outcomes: the Berlin heart EXCOR pediatric in North America. ASAIOJ. 2017; 63: 193–197.Anders M. Berlin heart VAD Excor. London: Don’t Forget The Bubbles, 2013.Anders M. Berlin heart VAD Excor. London: Don’t Forget The Bubbles, 2013.Blume ED, VanderPluym C, Lorts A, Baldwin JT, Rossano JW, Morales DLS et al. Second annual Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support (Pedimacs) report: Pre-implant characteristics and outcomes. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2018; 37 (1): 38–45.Blume ED, VanderPluym C, Lorts A, Baldwin JT, Rossano JW, Morales DLS et al. Second annual Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support (Pedimacs) report: Pre-implant characteristics and outcomes. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2018; 37 (1): 38–45.Lange S. FDA approves labeling update for Abbott’s HeartMate III heart pump for use in pediatric patients. New Delhi: Athena Information Solutions Ltd., 2020.Lange S. FDA approves labeling update for Abbott’s HeartMate III heart pump for use in pediatric patients. New Delhi: Athena Information Solutions Ltd., 2020.Simson S. FDA alerts health care providers to stop new implants of certain ventricular assist device system. Silver Spring: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2021.Simson S. FDA alerts health care providers to stop new implants of certain ventricular assist device system. Silver Spring: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2021.Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology. FDA approves trial using Jarvik 2000 heart as a destination therapy. Park Ridge: Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology, 2012.Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology. FDA approves trial using Jarvik 2000 heart as a destination therapy. Park Ridge: Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology, 2012.Gahdhi K. Class 2 device recall Jarvik 2000 ventricular assist system. Silver Spring: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2021.Gahdhi K. Class 2 device recall Jarvik 2000 ventricular assist system. Silver Spring: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2021.Olia SE, Wearden PD, Maul TM, Shankarraman V, Kocyildirim E, Snyder ST et al. Preclinical performance of a pediatric mechanical circulatory support device: the PediaFlow ventricular assist device. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018; 156: 1643–1651.Olia SE, Wearden PD, Maul TM, Shankarraman V, Kocyildirim E, Snyder ST et al. Preclinical performance of a pediatric mechanical circulatory support device: the PediaFlow ventricular assist device. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018; 156: 1643–1651.Wang S, Kunselman AR, Ündar A. In vitro performance analysis of a novel pulsatile diagonal pump in a simulated pediatric mechanical circulatory support system. Artif Organs. 2014; 38: 64–72.Wang S, Kunselman AR, Ündar A. In vitro performance analysis of a novel pulsatile diagonal pump in a simulated pediatric mechanical circulatory support system. Artif Organs. 2014; 38: 64–72.Дмитриева ОЮ, Бучнев АС, Дробышев АА, Иткин ГП. Гемолизные исследования имплантируемого осевого насоса для двухэтапной трансплантации сердца у детей. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2017; 19 (1): 22–27.Dmitrieva OYu, Buchnev AS, Drobyshev AA, Itkin GP. Hemolysis studies of an implantable axial pump for two-stage heart transplantation in children. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2017; 19 (1): 22–27.Иткин ГП, Дмитриева ОЮ, Бучнев АС, Дробышев АА, Кулешов АП, Волкова ЕА, Халилулин ТА. Результаты экспериментальных исследований детского осевого насоса «ДОН-3». Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2018; 20 (2): 61–68.Itkin GP, Dmitrieva OYu, Buchnev AS, Drobyshev AA, Kuleshov AP, Volkova EA, Khalilulin TA. Results of experimental studies of children’s axial pump «DON-3». Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2018; 20 (2): 61–68.Козлов ВА, Дмитриева ОЮ, Иткин ГП, Иванов АС, Кулешов АП, Волкова ЕА, Говорова ТН. Оптимизация размещения детского осевого насоса ДОН-3 в грудной полости ребенка (исследование на математической модели). Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2018; 20 (3): 40–44.Kozlov VA, Dmitrieva OYu, Itkin GP, Ivanov AS, Kuleshov AP, Volkova EA, Govorova TN. Optimization of placement of the DON-3 children’s axial pump in the child’s chest cavity (study using a mathematical model). Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2018; 20 (3): 40–44.Sarkisyan H, Stevens R, Tchantchaleishvili V, Rossano J, Throckmorton A. Integrated long-term multifunctional pediatric mechanical circulatory assist device. Artif Organs. 2021; 45: E65–78.Sarkisyan H, Stevens R, Tchantchaleishvili V, Rossano J, Throckmorton A. Integrated long-term multifunctional pediatric mechanical circulatory assist device. Artif Organs. 2021; 45: E65–78.Naito N, Takewa Y, Kishimoto S, Iizuka K, Mizuno T, Tsukiya T et al. Preclinical animal study of the NIPRO-ventricular assist device for use in pediatric patients. J Artif Organs. 2018; 21: 156–163.Naito N, Takewa Y, Kishimoto S, Iizuka K, Mizuno T, Tsukiya T et al. Preclinical animal study of the NIPRO-ventricular assist device for use in pediatric patients. J Artif Organs. 2018; 21: 156–163.Kimura M, Nishimura T, Kinoshita O, Kashiwa K, Kyo S, Ono M. Hemodynamic influence of tilting disc valve type on pump performance with the NIPRO-ventricular assist device. J Artif Organs. 2012; 15: 134–9.Kimura M, Nishimura T, Kinoshita O, Kashiwa K, Kyo S, Ono M. Hemodynamic influence of tilting disc valve type on pump performance with the NIPRO-ventricular assist device. J Artif Organs. 2012; 15: 134–9.Schönberger M, Deutsch S, Manning KB. The influence of device position on the flow within the Penn state 12 cc pediatric ventricular assist device. ASAIO J. 2012; 58: 481–493.Schönberger M, Deutsch S, Manning KB. The influence of device position on the flow within the Penn state 12 cc pediatric ventricular assist device. ASAIO J. 2012; 58: 481–493.Lukic B, Brian Clark J, Izer JM, Cooper TK, Finicle HA, Cysyk J et al. Chronic ovine studies demonstrate low thromboembolic risk in the Penn State infant ventricular assist device. ASAIO J. 2019; 65: 371–379.Lukic B, Brian Clark J, Izer JM, Cooper TK, Finicle HA, Cysyk J et al. Chronic ovine studies demonstrate low thromboembolic risk in the Penn State infant ventricular assist device. ASAIO J. 2019; 65: 371–379.Throckmorton A, Garven E, Hirschhorn M, Day S, Stevens R, Tchantchaleishvili V. Forward-thinking design solutions for mechanical circulatory support: multifunctional hybrid continuous-flow ventricular assist device technology. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2021; 10: 383–5.Throckmorton A, Garven E, Hirschhorn M, Day S, Stevens R, Tchantchaleishvili V. Forward-thinking design solutions for mechanical circulatory support: multifunctional hybrid continuous-flow ventricular assist device technology. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2021; 10: 383–5.Chopski SG, Moskowitz WB, Stevens RM, Throckmorton AL. Mechanical circulatory support devices for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Artif Organs. 2017; 41: E1–14.Chopski SG, Moskowitz WB, Stevens RM, Throckmorton AL. Mechanical circulatory support devices for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Artif Organs. 2017; 41: E1–14.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.