<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2023-4-109-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1696</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Регенеративная медицина и клеточные технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Regenerative Medicine and Cell Technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биологические свойства макропористого криоструктурата на основе компонентов внеклеточного матрикса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological properties of macroporous  cryostructurate based on extracellular matrix  components</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Алексей Михайлович</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p><p>Тел. (499) 193-86-62</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei Grigoriev</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182</p><p>Phone: (499) 193-86-62</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Bear-38@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басок</surname><given-names>Ю Б</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basok</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bjb2005@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirillovaad20@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмерко</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmerko</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shnape@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суббот</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Subbot</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kletkagb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулакова</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakova</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valkirkul@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лозинский</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozinsky</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">loz@ineos.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севастьянов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevastianov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viksev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт элементоорганических соединений имени А.Н. Несмеянова Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт элементоорганических соединений имени А.Н. Несмеянова Российской академии наук»; ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский федеральный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; АНО «Институт медико-биологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Institute for Biomedical Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Григорьев А.М., Басок Ю.Б., Белова А.Д., Шмерко Н.П., Суббот А.М., Кулакова В.К., Лозинский В.И., Севастьянов В.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорьев А.М., Басок Ю.Б., Белова А.Д., Шмерко Н.П., Суббот А.М., Кулакова В.К., Лозинский В.И., Севастьянов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigoriev A.M., Basok Y.B., Belova A.D., Shmerko N.P., Subbot A.M., Kulakova V.K., Lozinsky V.I., Sevastianov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1696">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1696</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: исследование биологических свойств макропористого криоструктурата из концентрированного коллагенсодержащего раствора в качестве перспективной матрицы для формирования клеточно- и тканеинженерных конструкций.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Макропористый губчатый носитель получали методом криоструктурирования коллагенсодержащего экстракта, приготовленного путем уксуснокислого гидролиза соединительной ткани цыплят (АО «БИОМИР сервис», РФ). Для придания водонерастворимости криоструктурату использовали N-(3-диметиламинопропил)-N’-этилкарбодиимид (Sigma-Aldrich, США). Исследование микроморфологии поверхности губки проводили с использованием сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Цитотоксичность носителя оценивали по реакции клеточной культуры фибробластов мыши NIH 3T3 с использованием автоматического микроскопа IncuCyte ZOOM (EssenBioscience, США). Биосовместимость макропористого носителя изучали на культурах мезенхимальных стромальных клеток жировой ткани человека (МСК ЖТч), линейных клетках гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы человека HepG2 и линейных клетках эндотелия пупочной вены человека EA.hy926. Определяли метаболическую активность клеток с использованием реагентов PrestoBlue™ (Invitrogen™, США). Развитие клеточной популяции при долговременном культивировании клеточно-инженерной конструкции (КИК) оценивали с помощью прижизненной флуоресцентной микроскопии по всей поверхности образца с использованием инвертированного микроскопа Leica Dmi8 с програмным обеспечением Leica Thunder (Leica Microsystems, ФРГ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Оптическая микроскопия и сканирующая электронная микроскопия (СЭМ) показали наличие в полученном биополимерном материале пор разного размера: крупных, диаметром 237 ± 32 мкм, средних – 169 ± 23 мкм и малых – 70 ± 20 мкм; преимущественно наблюдали поры крупных и средних размеров. Исследуемые носители не проявляли цитотоксичности. Наблюдали адгезию и пролиферацию клеток на поверхности материала и их проникновение в подлежащие слои при долговременном культивировании. Наибольшая метаболическая активность клеток наблюдалась для МСК ЖТч на 14-е сутки, что соответствует нормальной динамике развития популяции клеток данного типа. В модели КИК печени была показана функциональная активность клеток HepG2 – продуцирование альбумина и мочевины.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хорошая адгезия и активная пролиферация, показанная для трех типов клеток, свидетельствует о биосовместимости полученного биополимерного носителя, а распространение клеток во внутренний объем губки и ее активное заселение при долговременном культивировании указывает на целесообразность использования данного материала для создания клеточно- и тканеинженерных конструкций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the biological properties of macroporous cryostructurate from multicomponent concentrated collagen-containing solution (MCCS) as a promising matrix for the formation of cell- and tissue-engineered constructs.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A macroporous spongy carrier was obtained by cryostructuring of collagencontaining extract, prepared by acetic acid hydrolysis of chicken connective tissue (BIOMIR Service, Russian Federation). N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was used to make the cryostructurate water insoluble. The micromorphology of the sponge surface was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the carrier was evaluated by reaction of the mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell culture using automated microscope IncuCyte ZOOM (EssenBioscience, USA). Biocompatibility of the macroporous carrier was studied on cultures of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSC), human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cell line EA.hy926. The metabolic activity of cells was determined using PrestoBlue™ reagents (Invitrogen™, USA). Cell population development during long-term cultivation of the cell-engineered construct (CEC) was assessed by fluorescencelifetime imaging microscopy over the entire surface of the sample using a Leica Dmi8 inverted microscope with Leica Thunder software (Leica Microsystems, Germany).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of pores of different sizes in the resulting biopolymer material: large pores with 237 ± 32 μm diameter, medium-sized pores with 169 ± 23 μm diameter, and small-sized pores with 70 ± 20 μm diameter; large and medium-sized pores were predominant. The studied media did not exhibit cytotoxicity. Cell adhesion and proliferation on the surface of the material and their penetration into the underlying layers during long-term cultivation were observed. The highest metabolic activity of the cells was observed for human AD-MSC on day 14, which corresponds to the normal dynamics of development of a population of cells of this type. The functional activity of HepG2 cells – albumin and urea production – was shown in the liver CEC model.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The good adhesion and active proliferation that were shown for the three cell types indicate that the resulting biopolymer carrier is biocompatible, and that the spread of the cells into the inner volume of the sponge and active population of the sponge under prolonged culturing indicates that this material can be used to create cell- and tissue-engineered constructs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криогенное структурирование</kwd><kwd>коллаген</kwd><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cryogenic structuring</kwd><kwd>collagen</kwd><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трансплантология и искусственные органы: учебник / Под ред. акад. РАН С.В. Готье. М.: Лаборатория знаний, 2018; 319 с.: ил.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transplantologija i iskusstvennye organy: uchebnik / Pod red. akad. RAN S.V. Gautier. M.: Laboratorija znanij, 2018; 319: il. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto T, Randriantsilefisoa R, Sprecher CM, D’Este M. Fabrication of collagen-hyaluronic acid cryogels by directional freezing mimicking cartilage arcadelike structure. Biomolecules. 2022 Dec 3; 12 (12): 1809. doi: 10.3390/biom12121809.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto T, Randriantsilefisoa R, Sprecher CM, D’Este M. Fabrication of collagen-hyaluronic acid cryogels by directional freezing mimicking cartilage arcadelike structure. Biomolecules. 2022 Dec 3; 12 (12): 1809. doi: 10.3390/biom12121809.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirdamadi ES, Kalhori D, Zakeri N, Azarpira N, Solati-Hashjin M. Liver tissue engineering as an emerging alternative for liver disease treatment. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2020 Apr; 26 (2): 145–163. doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirdamadi ES, Kalhori D, Zakeri N, Azarpira N, Solati-Hashjin M. Liver tissue engineering as an emerging alternative for liver disease treatment. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2020 Apr; 26 (2): 145–163. doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L, Guan Z, Ye JS, Yin YF, Stoltz JF, de Isla N. Research progress in liver tissue engineering. Biomed Mater Eng. 2017; 28 (s1): S113–S119. doi: 10.3233/BME171632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L, Guan Z, Ye JS, Yin YF, Stoltz JF, de Isla N. Research progress in liver tissue engineering. Biomed Mater Eng. 2017; 28 (s1): S113–S119. doi: 10.3233/BME171632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wise JK, Yarin AL, Megaridis CM, Cho M. Chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on oriented nanofibrous scaffolds: engineering the superficial zone of articular cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Apr; 15 (4): 913–921. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wise JK, Yarin AL, Megaridis CM, Cho M. Chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on oriented nanofibrous scaffolds: engineering the superficial zone of articular cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Apr; 15 (4): 913–921. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daly AC, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of spatially organised tissues by directing the growth of cellular spheroids within 3D printed polymeric microchambers. Biomaterials. 2019 Mar; 197: 194–206. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daly AC, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of spatially organised tissues by directing the growth of cellular spheroids within 3D printed polymeric microchambers. Biomaterials. 2019 Mar; 197: 194–206. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwab A, Hélary C, Richards RG, Alini M, Eglin D, D’Este M. Tissue mimetic hyaluronan bioink containing collagen fibers with controlled orientation modulating cell migration and alignment. Mater Today Bio. 2020 Jun 1; 7: 100058. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwab A, Hélary C, Richards RG, Alini M, Eglin D, D’Este M. Tissue mimetic hyaluronan bioink containing collagen fibers with controlled orientation modulating cell migration and alignment. Mater Today Bio. 2020 Jun 1; 7: 100058. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лозинский ВИ. Новое семейство макропористых и сверхмакропористых материалов биотехнологического назначения – полимерные криогели. Известия РАН. Серия химическая. 2008; (5): 996–1014. doi: 10.1007/s11172-008-0131-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozinsky VI. Polymeric cryogels as a new family of macroporous and supermacroporous materials for biotechnological purposes. Russ Chem Bull. 2008; 57 (5): 1015–1032. doi: 10.1007/s11172-008-0131-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of polymer systems. 50.† Cryogels and cryotropic gel-formation: terms and definitions. Gels. 2018; 4 (3): 77. doi: 10.3390/gels4030077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of polymer systems. 50.† Cryogels and cryotropic gel-formation: terms and definitions. Gels. 2018; 4 (3): 77. doi: 10.3390/gels4030077.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henderson TMA, Ladewig K, Haylock DN, McLean KM, O’Connor AJ. Cryogels for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B. 2013; 1 (21): 2682–2695. doi: 10.1039/c3tb20280a.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henderson TMA, Ladewig K, Haylock DN, McLean KM, O’Connor AJ. Cryogels for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B. 2013; 1 (21): 2682–2695. doi: 10.1039/c3tb20280a.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Memic A, Colombani T, Eggermont LJ, Rezaeeyazdi M, Steingold J, Rogers ZJ et al. Latest advances in cryogel technology for biomedical applications. Adv Ther. 2019; 2 (4): 1800114. doi: 10.1002/adtp.201800114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Memic A, Colombani T, Eggermont LJ, Rezaeeyazdi M, Steingold J, Rogers ZJ et al. Latest advances in cryogel technology for biomedical applications. Adv Ther. 2019; 2 (4): 1800114. doi: 10.1002/adtp.201800114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of polymeric systems. 55. Retrospective view on the more than 40-years studies performed in the A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with respect of the cryostructuring processes in polymeric systems. Gels. 2020; 6 (3): 29. doi: 10.3390/gels6030029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of polymeric systems. 55. Retrospective view on the more than 40-years studies performed in the A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with respect of the cryostructuring processes in polymeric systems. Gels. 2020; 6 (3): 29. doi: 10.3390/gels6030029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiekh PA, Andrabi SV, Singh A, Majumder S, Kumar A. Designing cryogels through cryostructuring of polymeric matrices for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J. 2021; 144; 110234. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiekh PA, Andrabi SV, Singh A, Majumder S, Kumar A. Designing cryogels through cryostructuring of polymeric matrices for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J. 2021; 144; 110234. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma Y, Wang X, Su T, Lu F, Chang Q, Gao J. Recent advances in macroporous hydrogels for cell behavior and tissue engineering. Gels. 2022 Sep 21; 8 (10): 606. doi: 10.3390/gels8100606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma Y, Wang X, Su T, Lu F, Chang Q, Gao J. Recent advances in macroporous hydrogels for cell behavior and tissue engineering. Gels. 2022 Sep 21; 8 (10): 606. doi: 10.3390/gels8100606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Omidian H, Chowdhury SD, Babanejad N. Cryogels: advancing biomaterials for transformative biomedical applications. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jun 27; 15 (7): 1836. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071836.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omidian H, Chowdhury SD, Babanejad N. Cryogels: advancing biomaterials for transformative biomedical applications. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jun 27; 15 (7): 1836. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071836.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lozinsky VI, Okay O. Basic principles of cryotropic gelation. Adv Polym Sci. 2014; 263: 49–102. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05846-7_2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozinsky VI, Okay O. Basic principles of cryotropic gelation. Adv Polym Sci. 2014; 263: 49–102. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05846-7_2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Севастьянов ВИ, Григорьев АМ, Басок ЮБ, Кирсанова ЛА, Василец ВН, Малкова АП и др. Биосовместимые и матриксные свойства полилактидных губок. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2018; 20 (2): 82–90. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2018-2-82-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevastianov VI, Grigoriev AM, Basok YuB, Kirsanova LA, Vasilets VN, Malkova AP et al. Biocompatible and matrix properties of polylactide scaffolds. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2018; 20 (2): 82–90. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2018-2-82-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhaskar B, Rao PS, Kasoju N, Nagarjuna V, Baadhe RR (Eds.). Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. From Basic Concepts to State of the Art Approaches. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2021; 1039. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0002-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhaskar B, Rao PS, Kasoju N, Nagarjuna V, Baadhe RR (Eds.). Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. From Basic Concepts to State of the Art Approaches. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2021; 1039. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0002-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sevastianov VI, Basok YB, Kirsanova LA, Grigoriev AM, Kirillova AD, Nemets EA et al. A Comparison of the Capacity of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cartilage Regeneration Depending on Collagen-Based Injectable Biomimetic Scaffold Type. Life (Basel). 2021 Jul 27; 11 (8): 756. doi: 10.3390/life11080756.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevastianov VI, Basok YB, Kirsanova LA, Grigoriev AM, Kirillova AD, Nemets EA et al. A Comparison of the Capacity of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cartilage Regeneration Depending on Collagen-Based Injectable Biomimetic Scaffold Type. Life (Basel). 2021 Jul 27; 11 (8): 756. doi: 10.3390/life11080756.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Севастьянов ВИ, Перова НВ. Биополимерный гетерогенный гидрогель Сферо®ГЕЛЬ – инъекционный биодеградируемый имплантат для заместительной и регенеративной медицины. Практическая медицина. 2014; 8 (84): 120–126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevast’yanov VI, Perova NV. Biopolimernyy geterogennyy gidrogel’ Sfero®GEL’’ – in’’ektsionnyy biodegradiruemyy implantat dlya zamestitel’noy i regenerativnoy meditsiny. Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2014; 8 (84): 120–126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeQuach JA, Mezzano V, Miglani A, Lange S, Keller GM, Sheikh F, Christman KL. Simple and high yielding method for preparing tissue specific extracellular matrix coatings for cell culture. PLoS ONE. 2010; 5 (9): e13039. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeQuach JA, Mezzano V, Miglani A, Lange S, Keller GM, Sheikh F, Christman KL. Simple and high yielding method for preparing tissue specific extracellular matrix coatings for cell culture. PLoS ONE. 2010; 5 (9): e13039. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лозинский ВИ, Кулакова ВК, Колосова ОЮ, Басок ЮБ, Григорьев АМ, Перова НВ, Севастьянов ВИ. Биополимерный материал для клеточно-инженерных и/или тканеинженерных конструкций и способ его получения. Пат. РФ № 2774947 (2021); Б.И. № 18 (2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozinskiy VI, Kulakova VK, Kolosova OYu, Basok YuB, Grigor’ev AM, Perova NV, Sevast’yanov VI. Biopolimernyy material dlya kletochno-inzhenernykh i/ili tkaneinzhenernykh konstruktsiy i sposob ego polucheniya. Pat. RF № 2774947 (2021); B.I. № 18 (2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьев АМ, Басок ЮБ, Кириллова АД, Сургученко ВА, Шмерко НП, Кулакова ВК и др. Криогенно-структурированный гидрогель на основе желатина как резорбируемая макропористая матрица для биомедицинских технологий. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2022; 24 (2): 83–93. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-2-83-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoriev AM, Basok YuB, Kirillova AD, Surguchenko VA, Shmerko NP, Kulakova VK et al. Cryogenically structured gelatin-based hydrogel as a resorbable macroporous matrix for biomedical technologies. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2022; 24 (2): 8393. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-2-83-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lozinsky VI, Kulakova VK, Grigoriev AM, Podorozhko EA, Kirsanova LA, Kirillova AD et al. Cryostructuring of polymeric systems: 63. Synthesis of two chemically tanned gelatin-based cryostructurates and evaluation of their potential as scaffolds for culturing of mammalian cells. Gels. 2022 Oct 28; 8 (11): 695. doi: 10.3390/gels8110695.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozinsky VI, Kulakova VK, Grigoriev AM, Podorozhko EA, Kirsanova LA, Kirillova AD et al. Cryostructuring of polymeric systems: 63. Synthesis of two chemically tanned gelatin-based cryostructurates and evaluation of their potential as scaffolds for culturing of mammalian cells. Gels. 2022 Oct 28; 8 (11): 695. doi: 10.3390/gels8110695.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novikov I, Subbot A, Turenok A, Mayanskiy N, Chebotar I. A rapid method of whole cell sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy using neodymium chloride. Micron. 2019; 124: 102687. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov I, Subbot A, Turenok A, Mayanskiy N, Chebotar I. A rapid method of whole cell sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy using neodymium chloride. Micron. 2019; 124: 102687. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Межгосударственный стандарт ГОСТ ISO 109935-2011 «Изделия медицинские. Оценка биологического действия медицинских изделий. Часть 5. Исследование на цитотоксичность: методы in vitro».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mezhgosudarstvennyj standart GOST ISO 10993-52011 «Izdeliya medicinskie. Ocenka biologicheskogo dejstviya medicinskih izdelij. Chast’ 5. Issledovanie na citotoksichnost’: metody in vitro».</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
