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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2023-2-170-177</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1648</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Смежные дисциплины</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Related Disciplines</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ фармакокинетических параметров трансдермальной и инъекционной форм никотинамида</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters of transdermal and injectable forms of nicotinamide</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжикова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhikova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжикова Варвара Андреевна</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1. Тел. (499) 196-26-61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varvara Ryzhikova</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182, Phone: (499) 196-26-61</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gavrjuchenkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Геннадьевна Кузнецова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzeugenia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курылева</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuryleva</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Михайловна Курылева</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-ms13@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саломатина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salomatina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лидия Анатольевна Саломатина</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liansa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курсаков</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kursakov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Васильевич Курсаков</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kursakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никольская</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolskaya</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Олеговна Никольская</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">allanik64@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севастьянов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevastianov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Иванович Севастьянов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viksev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Автономная некоммерческая организация «Институт медико-биологических исследований и технологий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Research and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России; Автономная некоммерческая организация «Институт медико-биологических исследований и технологий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Institute of Biomedical Research and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыжикова В.А., Кузнецова Е.Г., Курылева О.М., Саломатина Л.А., Курсаков С.В., Никольская А.О., Севастьянов В.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжикова В.А., Кузнецова Е.Г., Курылева О.М., Саломатина Л.А., Курсаков С.В., Никольская А.О., Севастьянов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhikova V.A., Kuznetsova E.G., Kuryleva O.M., Salomatina L.A., Kursakov S.V., Nikolskaya A.O., Sevastianov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1648">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1648</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы окислительный стресс, характеризующийся избыточным содержанием свободных радикалов в организме, называют причиной многих заболеваний. Ведется активный поиск лекарственных средств, обладающих антиоксидантными свойствами и подходящих для длительной поддерживающей терапии. Антиоксидант никотинамид применяют при лечении самых разных заболеваний, как правило, в пероральной или инъекционной форме. Учитывая особенности режима приема препарата (доза, длительный прием), предложена новая лекарственная форма никотинамида – эмульсионная трансдермальная терапевтическая система (ТТС), содержащая 20 мг/10 см2 никотинамида.</p><p>Целью данной работы является сравнение фармакокинетических параметров внутримышечного и трансдермального введений никотинамида в экспериментах на животных на протяжении 24 ч.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использовали лабораторные образцы ТТС никотинамида на основе эмульсионной системы чрескожной доставки (СЧД) с различным содержанием активатора переноса докузата натрия. Изучение фармакокинетики при транс дермальном и внутримышечном введениях выполняли на кроликах-самцах породы Шиншилла массой 3,5–4,0 кг. Определение концентрации никотинамида в плазме крови экспериментальных животных проводили методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии по специально разработанной методике на колонках NUCLEODUR PFP (5 мкм, 250 × 4,6 мм) с использованием подвижной фазы ацетонитрил : вода деионизированная. Предварительно проводили очистку образцов методом твердофазной экстракции с использованием патронов Chromabond С18 Hydra.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При внутримышечном введении максимальная концентрация никотинамида в крови составила 13,3 ± 1 мкг/мл, а при аппликации трансдермальных форм никотинамида в той же дозировке с разным содержанием активатора переноса достоверно не отличалась и составила 3,1 и 3,2 мкг/мл. Показано, что при трансдермальном введении никотинамида концентрация действующего вещества поддерживалась на постоянном уровне на протяжении ~6 часов. Рассчитана биодоступность никотинамида при трансдермальном введении относительно внутримышечного: 1,43 для ТТС с 9,8% докузата натрия и 1,84 с 3,3% докузата натрия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В ходе фармакокинетических исследований показана более высокая биодоступность исследуемого вещества при использовании трансдермальной терапевтической системы никотинамида 20 мг, чем при его внутримышечном введении в той же дозе. Также при трансдермальном введении выявлена возможность поддержания концентрации никотинамида на постоянном уровне длительное время, без скачков, характерных для внутримышечного введения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, oxidative stress, characterized by excess free radicals in the body, has been called the cause of many diseases. There is an active search for drugs with antioxidant properties that are suitable for long-term maintenance therapy. Nicotinamide (NAM), an antioxidant, is used to treat a variety of diseases, usually in oral or injectable form. Given the peculiarities of the drug regimen (dose, prolonged administration), a new dosage form of NAM, a microemulsion-based transdermal patch (TP), containing 20 mg/10 cm2 of NAM, has been proposed.</p><p>The objective of this work is to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of intramuscular and transdermal NAM administration in animal experiments for 24 hours.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We used laboratory samples of nicotinamide TP based on a microemulsion-based transdermal delivery emulsion (TDS) with different content of sodium docusate transfer activator. The pharmacokinetics of transdermal and intramuscular injections were studied in male Chinchilla rabbits weighing 3.5–4.0 kg. Plasma NAM levels of the experimental animals were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a specially designed method on NUCLEODUR PFP columns (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm) using the mobile phase acetonitrile: deionized water. The samples were preliminarily purified by solid-phase extraction using Chromabond C18 Hydra cartridges.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. When administered intramuscularly, the maximum blood NAM level was 13.3±1 μg/mL; when NAM transdermal forms were applied in the same dosage with different contents of the transfer activator, the levels did not differ significantly – 3.1 and 3.2 μg/mL. It was shown that in transdermal administration of NAM, concentration of the active substance remained at a constant level for ~6 hours. The bioavailability of NAM with transdermal administration was calculated relative to intramuscular administration: 1.43 for TP with 9.8% docusate sodium and 1.84 with 3.3% docusate sodium.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. NAM has a higher bioavailability when administered transdermally at 20 mg than when administered intramuscularly in the same dose. With transdermal administration, NAM concentration can be maintained at a constant level for a long time, without the jumps that are typical of intramuscular administration.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансдермальная терапевтическая система</kwd><kwd>антиоксидант</kwd><kwd>никотинамид</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transdermal therapeutic system</kwd><kwd>transdermal patch</kwd><kwd>antioxidant</kwd><kwd>nicotinamide</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olefir YuV, Romanov BK, Kukes VG, Sychev DA, Prokofiev AB, Parfenova OK et al. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of socially significant human diseases and ways of its drug correction. Medical News of North Caucasus. 2021; 16 (4): 450–455. 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