<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2023-3-76-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Регенеративная медицина и клеточные технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Regenerative Medicine and Cell Technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние трипсина на биохимические и функциональные свойства децеллюляризованного суставного хряща свиньи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of trypsin on biochemical and functional properties of decellularized porcine articular cartilage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кириллова Александра Дмитриевна,</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra Kirillova,</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sashak1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немец</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemets</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgnemets@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bear-38@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ludochkakirsanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжикова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhikova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gavrjuchenkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басок</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basok</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bjb2005@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севастьянов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevastianov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viksev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кириллова А.Д., Немец Е.А., Григорьев А.М., Кирсанова Л.А., Рыжикова В.А., Волкова Е.А., Басок Ю.Б., Севастьянов В.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кириллова А.Д., Немец Е.А., Григорьев А.М., Кирсанова Л.А., Рыжикова В.А., Волкова Е.А., Басок Ю.Б., Севастьянов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirillova A.D., Nemets E.A., Grigoriev A.M., Kirsanova L.A., Ryzhikova V.A., Volkova E.A., Basok Y.B., Sevastianov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1616">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1616</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: исследовать влияние включения в протокол децеллюляризации суставного хряща свиньи стадии предобработки его трипсином на способность к восстановлению биохимического состава и функциональных свойств полученной мелкодисперсной тканеспецифической матрицы при сокультивировании с мезенхимными стромальными клетками жировой ткани человека (МСК ЖТч).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Суставной хрящ свиньи микронизировали до размеров не более 250 мкм. Полученные микрочастицы суставного хряща свиньи (МХс) обрабатывали раствором трипсина (0,05; 0,25; 0,50%) / ЭДТА при +37 °С в течение 24 часов. Далее МХс последовательно инкубировали в течение 24 часов в трех растворах поверхностно-активных веществ, содержащих 0,1% додецилсульфат натрия и повышающуюся концентрацию Triton Х-100 (1, 2, 3%), при комнатной температуре и в растворе ДНКазы I типа при +37 °C в течение 48 часов. Затем оценивали степень изменения биохимического состава и способность децеллюляризованных МХс (ДМХс) матриц в составе клеточно-инженерных конструкций (КИК) поддерживать адгезию МСК ЖТч, их пролиферацию, а также потенциальную способность оказывать стимулирующее регенерационное воздействие. В ДМХс и КИК исследовали содержание ДНК, гликозаминогликанов (ГАГ) и коллагена. Морфологию образцов исследовали с использованием гистологического и иммуногистохимического окрашивания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Гистологический анализ показал отсутствие клеток и детрита в образцах ДМХс. При предварительной обработке МХс раствором с наименьшим содержанием трипсина (0,05%) / ЭДТА в образцах сохранилось 5,14 ± 0,87 нг/мг ДНК, при этом снизилось содержание ГАГ до 5,34 ± 0,9 мкг/мг и коллагена до 154 ± 34 мкг/мг. К 28-м суткам культивирования КИК выявлена наработка адгезированными клетками собственного внеклеточного матрикса (ВКМ), содержащего ГАГ и коллаген. Количество ДНК в нем составляло 6,30 ± 0,11 мкг/КИК, а количество ГАГ 19,36 ± 0,73 мкг/ КИК.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предобработка трипсином позволяет достичь равномерной полной децеллюляризации МХс. Вместе с тем наступившие изменения состава ВКМ свидетельствуют о снижении способности МСК ЖТч в процессе сокультивирования с ДМХс синтезировать ГАГ и коллаген II типа. Увеличение пролиферативной активности адгезированных МСК ЖТч, а также тканеспецифичность ДМХс-матрицы позволят продолжить исследования в направлении создания гидрогелевой формы матрикса, способной повысить специфический и стимулирующий регенераторный потенциал в процессе сокультивирования с клетками того же фенотипа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the effect of trypsin pretreatment in the porcine articular cartilage decellularization protocol on the ability to restore the biochemical composition and functional properties of the resulting finely dispersed tissue-specific scaffold when co-cultured with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Porcine articular cartilage was micronized to a maximum size of 250 μm. The resulting porcine articular cartilage microparticles (CMps) were treated with trypsin (0.05, 0.25, 0.50%) / EDTA solution at +37 °C for 24 hours. Then, the CMps were successively incubated for 24 hours in three surfactant solutions containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and increasing concentration of Triton X-100 (1, 2, 3%) at room temperature and in DNase I solution at +37 °C for 48 hours. The degree of change in the biochemical composition and the ability of decellularized CMps (DCMps) scaffolds within cell-engineered constructs (CECs) to support hADSC adhesion and proliferation, as well as their potential ability to exert a stimulatory regenerative effect, were then assessed. DNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen content in the DCMps and CECs were examined. The morphology of the samples was examined using histological and immunohistochemistry staining.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Histological analysis showed that there were no cells and detritus in the DCMp samples. Pretreatment of CMps samples гыштп a solution with the lowest content of trypsin (0.05%) / EDTA in the samples retained 5.14 ± 0.87 ng/mg DNA in the samples, while GAG content decreased to 5.34 ± 0.9 μg/mg and collagen to 154 ± 34 μg/mg. By day 28 of CEC cultivation, adherent cells had produced their own extracellular matrix (ECM) containing GAGs and collagen. The amount of DNA in it was 6.30 ± 0.11 μg/CEC and that of GAGs was 19.36 ± 0.73 μg/CEC.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pretreatment with trypsin allows achieving uniformly complete decellularized CMps. At the same time, onset of changes in the ECM composition indicates a decrease in the ability of hADSCs to synthesize GAGs and type II collagen during co-culturing with DCMps. The increased proliferative activity of adherent hADSCs, as well as the tissue specificity of the DCMp scaffold will allow further research towards a hydrogel matrix capable of enhancing the specific and stimulating regenerative potential when co-cultured with cells of the same phenotype.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хрящевая ткань</kwd><kwd>децеллюляризация</kwd><kwd>трипсин</kwd><kwd>мезенхимные стромальные клетки</kwd><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cartilage tissue</kwd><kwd>decellularization</kwd><kwd>trypsin</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-15-00251, https://rscf.ru/ project/21-15-00251/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cramer MC, Badylak SF. Extracellular matrix-based biomaterials and their influence upon cell behavior. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2020; 48 (7): 2132–2153. doi: 10.1007/s10439-019-02408-9. PMID: 31741227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cramer MC, Badylak SF. Extracellular matrix-based biomaterials and their influence upon cell behavior. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2020; 48 (7): 2132–2153. doi: 10.1007/s10439-019-02408-9. PMID: 31741227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jambar Nooshin B, Tayebi T, Babajani A, Khani MM, Niknejad H. Effects of different perfusing routes through the portal vein, hepatic vein, and biliary duct on whole rat liver decellularization. Cell journal. 2023; 25 (1): 35–44. doi: 10.22074/cellj.2022.557600.1081. PMID: 36680482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jambar Nooshin B, Tayebi T, Babajani A, Khani MM, Niknejad H. Effects of different perfusing routes through the portal vein, hepatic vein, and biliary duct on whole rat liver decellularization. Cell journal. 2023; 25 (1): 35–44. doi: 10.22074/cellj.2022.557600.1081. PMID: 36680482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu CY, Chi PL, Chen HY, Ou SH, Chou KJ, Fang HC et al. Kidney bioengineering by using decellularized kidney scaffold and renal progenitor cells. Tissue and Cell. 2022; 74: 101699. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101699. PMID: 34891081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu CY, Chi PL, Chen HY, Ou SH, Chou KJ, Fang HC et al. Kidney bioengineering by using decellularized kidney scaffold and renal progenitor cells. Tissue and Cell. 2022; 74: 101699. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101699. PMID: 34891081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang-Quan KR, Mehta NA, Sampaio LC, Taylor DA. Whole cardiac tissue bioscaffolds. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018; 1098: 85–114. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_5. PMID: 30238367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang-Quan KR, Mehta NA, Sampaio LC, Taylor DA. Whole cardiac tissue bioscaffolds. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018; 1098: 85–114. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_5. PMID: 30238367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bölükbas DA, De Santis MM, Alsafadi HN, Doryab A, Wagner DE. The preparation of decellularized mouse lung matrix scaffolds for analysis of lung regenerative cell potential. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2019; 1940: 275–295. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9086-3_20. PMID: 30788833.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bölükbas DA, De Santis MM, Alsafadi HN, Doryab A, Wagner DE. The preparation of decellularized mouse lung matrix scaffolds for analysis of lung regenerative cell potential. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2019; 1940: 275–295. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9086-3_20. PMID: 30788833.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger C, Bjørlykke Y, Hahn L, Mühlemann M, Kress S, Walles H et al. Matrix decoded – a pancreatic extracellular matrix with organ specific cues guiding human ipsc differentiation. Biomaterials. 2020; 244: 119766. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119766. PMID: 32199284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger C, Bjørlykke Y, Hahn L, Mühlemann M, Kress S, Walles H et al. Matrix decoded – a pancreatic extracellular matrix with organ specific cues guiding human ipsc differentiation. Biomaterials. 2020; 244: 119766. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119766. PMID: 32199284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khajavi M, Hashemi M, Kalalinia F. Recent advances in optimization of liver decellularization procedures used for liver regeneration. Life Sciences. 2021; 281: 119801. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119801. PMID: 34229008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khajavi M, Hashemi M, Kalalinia F. Recent advances in optimization of liver decellularization procedures used for liver regeneration. Life Sciences. 2021; 281: 119801. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119801. PMID: 34229008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sevastianov VI, Ponomareva AS, Baranova NV, Kirsanova LA, Basok YB, Nemets EA et al. Decellularization of human pancreatic fragments with pronounced signs of structural changes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24 (1): 119. doi: 10.3390/ijms24010119. PMID: 36613557.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevastianov VI, Ponomareva AS, Baranova NV, Kirsanova LA, Basok YB, Nemets EA et al. Decellularization of human pancreatic fragments with pronounced signs of structural changes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24 (1): 119. doi: 10.3390/ijms24010119. PMID: 36613557.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qian H, He L, Ye Z, Wei Z, Ao J. Decellularized matrix for repairing intervertebral disc degeneration: fabrication methods, applications and animal models. Materials Today Bio. 2022; 18: 100523. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100523. PMID: 36590980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qian H, He L, Ye Z, Wei Z, Ao J. Decellularized matrix for repairing intervertebral disc degeneration: fabrication methods, applications and animal models. Materials Today Bio. 2022; 18: 100523. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100523. PMID: 36590980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басок ЮБ, Кириллова АД, Григорьев АМ, Кирсанова ЛА, Немец ЕА, Севастьянов ВИ. Получение микродисперсного тканеспецифического децеллюляризованного матрикса из суставного хряща свиньи. Перспективные материалы. 2020; 5: 51–60. doi: 10.30791/1028-978x-2020-5-51-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basok YuB, Kirillova AD, Grigoriev AM, Kirsanova LA, Nemets EA, Sevastianov VI. Fabrication of microdispersed tissue-specific decellularized matrix from porcine articular cartilage. Perspektivnye materialy. 2020; 5: 51–60. [In Russ, English abstract]. doi: 10.30791/1028-978x-2020-5-51-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Немец ЕА, Лажко АЭ, Басок ЮБ, Кирсанова ЛА, Кириллова АД, Севастьянов ВИ. Особенности получения тканеспецифического матрикса из децеллюляризованного хряща свиньи. Сверхкритические флюиды: теория и практика. 2020; 15 (2): 3–13. doi: 10.34984/SCFTP.2020.15.2.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nemets EA, Lazhko AE, Basok YuB, Kirsanova LA, Kirillova AD, Sevastianov VI. Features of obtaining a tissuespecific matrix from decellularized porcine cartilage. Sverhkriticheskie flyuidy: teoriya i praktika. 2020; 15 (2): 3–13. [In Russ, English abstract]. doi: 10.34984/SCFTP.2020.15.2.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keane TJ, Swinehart IT, Badylak SF. Methods of tissue decellularization used for preparation of biologic scaffolds and in vivo relevance. Methods. 2015; 84: 25–34. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.03.005. PMID: 25791470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keane TJ, Swinehart IT, Badylak SF. Methods of tissue decellularization used for preparation of biologic scaffolds and in vivo relevance. Methods. 2015; 84: 25–34. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.03.005. PMID: 25791470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crapo PM, Gilbert TW, Badylak SF. An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes. Biomaterials. 2011; 32 (12): 3233–3243. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.057. PMID: 21296410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crapo PM, Gilbert TW, Badylak SF. An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes. Biomaterials. 2011; 32 (12): 3233–3243. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.057. PMID: 21296410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilpin A, Yang Y. Decellularization strategies for regenerative medicine: from processing techniques to applications. BioMed Research International. 2017; 2017: 9831534. doi: 10.1155/2017/9831534. PMID: 28540307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilpin A, Yang Y. Decellularization strategies for regenerative medicine: from processing techniques to applications. BioMed Research International. 2017; 2017: 9831534. doi: 10.1155/2017/9831534. PMID: 28540307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gailit J, Ruoslahti E. Regulation of the fibronectin receptor affinity by divalent cations. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1988; 263 (26): 12927–12932. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37650-6. PMID: 2458338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gailit J, Ruoslahti E. Regulation of the fibronectin receptor affinity by divalent cations. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1988; 263 (26): 12927–12932. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37650-6. PMID: 2458338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maurer P, Hohenester E. Structural and functional aspects of calcium binding in extracellular matrix proteins. Matrix Biology. 1997; 15 (8–9): 569–580. doi: 10.1016/S0945-053X(97)90033-0. PMID: 9138289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maurer P, Hohenester E. Structural and functional aspects of calcium binding in extracellular matrix proteins. Matrix Biology. 1997; 15 (8–9): 569–580. doi: 10.1016/S0945-053X(97)90033-0. PMID: 9138289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hopkinson A, Shanmuganathan VA, Gray T, Yeung AM, Lowe J, James DK et al. Optimization of amniotic membrane (am) denuding for tissue engineering. Tissue Engineering – Part C: Methods. 2008; 14 (4): 371–381. doi: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0315. PMID: 18821842.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hopkinson A, Shanmuganathan VA, Gray T, Yeung AM, Lowe J, James DK et al. Optimization of amniotic membrane (am) denuding for tissue engineering. Tissue Engineering – Part C: Methods. 2008; 14 (4): 371–381. doi: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0315. PMID: 18821842.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schenke-Layland K, Vasilevski O, Opitz F, König K, Riemann I, Halbhuber KJ et al. Impact of decellularization of xenogeneic tissue on extracellular matrix integrity for tissue engineering of heart valves. Journal of Structural Biology. 2003; 143 (3): 201–208. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.08.002. PMID: 14572475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schenke-Layland K, Vasilevski O, Opitz F, König K, Riemann I, Halbhuber KJ et al. Impact of decellularization of xenogeneic tissue on extracellular matrix integrity for tissue engineering of heart valves. Journal of Structural Biology. 2003; 143 (3): 201–208. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.08.002. PMID: 14572475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waldrop FS, Puchtler H, Meloan SN, Younker TD. Histochemical investigations of different types of collagen. Acta histochemica Supplementband. 1980; 21: 21–31. PMID: 6808564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waldrop FS, Puchtler H, Meloan SN, Younker TD. Histochemical investigations of different types of collagen. Acta histochemica Supplementband. 1980; 21: 21–31. PMID: 6808564.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin CH, Kao YC, Ma H, Tsay RY. An investigation on the correlation between the mechanical property change and the alterations in composition and microstructure of a porcine vascular tissue underwent trypsin-based decellularization treatment. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2018; 86: 199–207. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.029. PMID: 29986294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin CH, Kao YC, Ma H, Tsay RY. An investigation on the correlation between the mechanical property change and the alterations in composition and microstructure of a porcine vascular tissue underwent trypsin-based decellularization treatment. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2018; 86: 199–207. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.029. PMID: 29986294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grauss RW, Hazekamp MG, Oppenhuizen F, Van Munsteren CJ, Gittenberger-De Groot AC, DeRuiter MC. Histological evaluation of decellularised porcine aortic valves: matrix changes due to different decellularisation methods. European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 2005; 27 (4): 566–571. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.12.052. PMID: 15784352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grauss RW, Hazekamp MG, Oppenhuizen F, Van Munsteren CJ, Gittenberger-De Groot AC, DeRuiter MC. Histological evaluation of decellularised porcine aortic valves: matrix changes due to different decellularisation methods. European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 2005; 27 (4): 566–571. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.12.052. PMID: 15784352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merna N, Robertson C, La A, George SC. Optical imaging predicts mechanical properties during decellularization of cardiac tissue. Tissue Engineering – Part C: Methods. 2013; 19 (10): 802–809. doi: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0720. PMID: 23469868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merna N, Robertson C, La A, George SC. Optical imaging predicts mechanical properties during decellularization of cardiac tissue. Tissue Engineering – Part C: Methods. 2013; 19 (10): 802–809. doi: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0720. PMID: 23469868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giraldo-Gomez DM, García-López SJ, Tamay-de-Dios L, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Villalba-Caloca J, Sotres-Vega A et al. Fast cyclical-decellularized trachea as a natural 3d scaffold for organ engineering. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2019; 105: 110142. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110142. PMID: 31546345.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giraldo-Gomez DM, García-López SJ, Tamay-de-Dios L, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Villalba-Caloca J, Sotres-Vega A et al. Fast cyclical-decellularized trachea as a natural 3d scaffold for organ engineering. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2019; 105: 110142. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110142. PMID: 31546345.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahman S, Griffin M, Naik A, Szarko M, Butler PEM. Optimising the decellularization of human elastic cartilage with trypsin for future use in ear reconstruction. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1): 3097. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20592-x. PMID: 29449572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahman S, Griffin M, Naik A, Szarko M, Butler PEM. Optimising the decellularization of human elastic cartilage with trypsin for future use in ear reconstruction. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1): 3097. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20592-x. PMID: 29449572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vernice NA, Berri N, Bender RJ, Dong X, Spector JA. Production of a low-cost, off-the-shelf, decellularized cartilage xenograft for tissue regeneration. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2022; 88 (3): S296–S301. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003185. PMID: 35513335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernice NA, Berri N, Bender RJ, Dong X, Spector JA. Production of a low-cost, off-the-shelf, decellularized cartilage xenograft for tissue regeneration. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2022; 88 (3): S296–S301. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003185. PMID: 35513335.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дмитриева ЕГ, Хацко СЛ, Якимов АА. Способ гистологической окраски артерий сердца. Сибирский научный медицинский журнал. 2022; 42 (3): 47–51. doi: 10.18699/SSMJ20220305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dmitrieva EG, Khatsko SL, Yakimov AA. Staining method for coronary arteries. Sibirskij nauchnyj medicinskij zhurnal. 2022; 42 (3): 47–51. [In Russ, English abstract]. doi: 10.18699/SSMJ20220305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilbert T, Sellaro T, Badylak S. Decellularization of tissues and organs. Biomaterials. 2006; 27 (19): 3675– 3683. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.014. PMID: 16519932.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilbert T, Sellaro T, Badylak S. Decellularization of tissues and organs. Biomaterials. 2006; 27 (19): 3675– 3683. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.014. PMID: 16519932.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sevastianov VI, Basok YB, Grigoriev AM, Nemets EA, Kirillova AD, Kirsanova LA et al. Decellularization of cartilage microparticles: effects of temperature, supercritical carbon dioxide and ultrasound on biochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research – Part A. 2023; 111 (4): 543–555. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37474. PMID: 36478378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevastianov VI, Basok YB, Grigoriev AM, Nemets EA, Kirillova AD, Kirsanova LA et al. Decellularization of cartilage microparticles: effects of temperature, supercritical carbon dioxide and ultrasound on biochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research – Part A. 2023; 111 (4): 543–555. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37474. PMID: 36478378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенычева ЛЛ, Егорихина МН, Часова ВО, Валетова НБ, Митин АВ, Кузнецова ЮЛ. Эффективность протеаз панкреатина и трипсина при ферментативном гидролизе коллагена. Вестник ЮУрГУ. Серия «Химия». 2020; 12 (1): 66–75. doi: 10.14529/chem200108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenycheva LL, Egorihina MN, Chasova VO, Valetova NB, Mitin AV, Kuznetsovа YuL. Efficacy of pancreatin and trypsin proteases in enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen. Bulletin of the South Ural State University series «Chemistry». 2020; 12 (1): 66–75. [In Russ, English abstract]. doi: 10.14529/chem200108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsvetkova AV, Vakhrushev IV, Basok YB, Grigor’ev AM, Kirsanova LA, Lupatov AY et al. Chondrogeneic potential of msc from different sources in spheroid culture. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2021; 170 (4): 528–536. doi: 10.1007/s10517-021-05101-x. PMID: 33725253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkova AV, Vakhrushev IV, Basok YB, Grigor’ev AM, Kirsanova LA, Lupatov AY et al. Chondrogeneic potential of msc from different sources in spheroid culture. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2021; 170 (4): 528–536. doi: 10.1007/s10517-021-05101-x. PMID: 33725253.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghassemi T, Saghatoleslami N, Mahdavi-Shahri N, Matin MM, Gheshlaghi R, Moradi A. A comparison study of different decellularization treatments on bovine articular cartilage. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2019; 13 (10): 1861–1871. doi: 10.1002/term.2936. PMID: 31314950.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghassemi T, Saghatoleslami N, Mahdavi-Shahri N, Matin MM, Gheshlaghi R, Moradi A. A comparison study of different decellularization treatments on bovine articular cartilage. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2019; 13 (10): 1861–1871. doi: 10.1002/term.2936. PMID: 31314950.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin S, He Y, Tao M, Wang A, Ao Q. Fabrication and evaluation of an optimized xenogenic decellularized costal cartilage graft: preclinical studies of a novel biocompatible prosthesis for rhinoplasty. Regenerative Biomaterials. 2021; 8 (6): rbab052. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbab052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin S, He Y, Tao M, Wang A, Ao Q. Fabrication and evaluation of an optimized xenogenic decellularized costal cartilage graft: preclinical studies of a novel biocompatible prosthesis for rhinoplasty. Regenerative Biomaterials. 2021; 8 (6): rbab052. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbab052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giraldo-Gomez DM, Leon-Mancilla B, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Sotres-Vega A, Villalba-Caloca J, Garciadiego-Cazares D et al. Trypsin as enhancement in cyclical tracheal decellularization: morphological and biophysical characterization. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.094. PMID: 26652450.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giraldo-Gomez DM, Leon-Mancilla B, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Sotres-Vega A, Villalba-Caloca J, Garciadiego-Cazares D et al. Trypsin as enhancement in cyclical tracheal decellularization: morphological and biophysical characterization. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.094. PMID: 26652450.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perea-Gil I, Uriarte JJ, Prat-Vidal C, Gálvez-Montón C, Roura S, Llucià-Valldeperas A et al. In vitro comparative study of two decellularization protocols in search of an optimal myocardial scaffold for recellularization. American Journal of Translational Research. 2015; 7 (3): 558–573. PMID: 26045895.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perea-Gil I, Uriarte JJ, Prat-Vidal C, Gálvez-Montón C, Roura S, Llucià-Valldeperas A et al. In vitro comparative study of two decellularization protocols in search of an optimal myocardial scaffold for recellularization. American Journal of Translational Research. 2015; 7 (3): 558–573. PMID: 26045895.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басок ЮБ, Севастьянов ВИ. Технологии тканевой инженерии и регенеративной медицины в лечении дефектов хрящевой ткани суставов. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2016; 18 (4): 102–122. doi: 10.15825/1995-1191- 2016-4-102-122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basok YuB, Sevastianov VI. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technologies in the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2016; 18 (4): 102–122. [In Russ, English abstract]. doi: 10.15825/1995-1191- 2016-4-102-122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sevastianov VI, Basok YuB, Kirsanova LA, Grigoriev AM, Kirillova AD, Nemets EA et al. A comparison of the capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells for cartilage regeneration depending on collagen-based injectable biomimetic scaffold type. Life. 2021; 11 (8): 756. doi: 10.3390/life11080756.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevastianov VI, Basok YuB, Kirsanova LA, Grigoriev AM, Kirillova AD, Nemets EA et al. A comparison of the capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells for cartilage regeneration depending on collagen-based injectable biomimetic scaffold type. Life. 2021; 11 (8): 756. doi: 10.3390/life11080756.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
