<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2023-1-68-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1593</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая трансплантология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Transplantology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неселективные β-блокаторы в первичной профилактике кровотечений у больных с асцитом, включенных в лист ожидания трансплантации печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nonselective beta-blockers in primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with ascites waitlisted for liver transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробка</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobka</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вячеслав Вячеслав Коробка - доктор медицинских наук, главный врач Ростовской областной клинической больницы, заведующий кафедрой реконструктивной, сердечно-сосудистой, торакальной, челюстно-лицевой хирургии и трансплантологии Ростовского государственного медицинского университета.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3205-4647</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vyacheslavkorobka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасечников</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasechnikov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пасечников Виктор Дмитриевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой терапии с курсом диетологии Ставропольского государственного медицинского университета.</p><p>355017, Ставрополь, ул. Авиационная, 21. Тел. (962) 447-75-13</p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2280-3931</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">passetchnikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробка</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobka</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Вячеславович Коробка - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры реконструктивной, сердечно-сосудистой, торакальной, челюстно-лицевой хирургии и трансплантологии Ростовского государственного медицинского университета, Директор Центра хирургии и координации донорства (областного) Ростовской областной клинической больницы.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-4232</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roman_korobka@icloud.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пак</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pak</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Сергеевна Пак - кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры реконструктивной, сердечно-сосудистой, торакальной, челюстно-лицевой хирургии и трансплантологии Ростовского государственного медицинского университета, врач-гастроэнтеролог гастроэнтерологического отделения Центра хирургии и координации донорства (областного) Ростовской областной клинической больницы.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-2666</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Katya_pack-k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Михайлович Шаповалов - кандидат медицинских наук, врач-хирург, заместитель главного врача по организационно-методической работе.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1942-7122</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orph-rokb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасечников</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasechnikov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Викторович Пасечников - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии с курсом диетологии.</p><p>Ставрополь</p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-3690</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spicher@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ Ростовской области Ростовская областная клиническая больница; ФГБОУ ВО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет, Минздрав России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov Regional Clinical Hospital; Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет, Минздрав России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ Ростовской области Ростовская областная клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коробка В.В., Пасечников В.Д., Коробка Р.В., Пак Е.С., Шаповалов А.М., Пасечников Д.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коробка В.В., Пасечников В.Д., Коробка Р.В., Пак Е.С., Шаповалов А.М., Пасечников Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korobka V.L., Pasechnikov V.D., Korobka R.V., Pak E.S., Shapovalov A.M., Pasechnikov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1593">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1593</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определение эффективности неселективных β-блокаторов в первичной профилактике пищеводных кровотечений и оценка их влияния на выживаемость пациентов с асцитом, включенных в лист ожидания трансплантации печени.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное сравнительное исследование пациентов с циррозом печени, с выраженными формами асцита и развитием варикозных узлов пищевода, не имевших эпизодов кровотечений до включения в лист ожидания трансплантации печени. Первичная профилактика кровотечений из варикозных узлов пищевода включала использование неселективных Р-блокаторов (n = 97, первая группа), у других пациентов терапия этими препаратами не проводилась (n = 91, вторая группа).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Не было отмечено значимых различий между группами по клиническим, лабораторным и демографическим параметрам, показателям MELD и классам цирроза Child— Turcotte-Pugh. Группы пациентов, включенных в исследование, не имели значимых различий в частоте варикозных узлов среднего и большого размера и частоте выраженных форм асцита. Частота развития кровотечений была достоверно ниже в группе пациентов, получавших неселективные β-блокаторы, чем в группе больных без проведения этой терапии (52,6 и 95,6% соответственно, р = 0,0001). Выживаемость пациентов была достоверно выше в группе больных, получавших неселективные Р-блокаторы, чем в группе больных без данной терапии (40,2 и 4,4% соответственно, р = 0,0001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование в терапии неселективных β-блокаторов является эффективным методом первичной профилактики кровотечений из варикозных узлов пищевода, обеспечивая сохранение жизни и предупреждение выбывания пациентов с асцитом из листа ожидания трансплантации печени.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to determine the efficacy of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) in the primary prevention of bleeding esophageal varices and to assess their impact on the survival of patients with ascites enrolled in the liver transplant waiting list (LTWL).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We carried out a retrospective comparative study of cirrhotic patients with severe ascites and esophageal varices without bleeding before enrollment in the LTWL. Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding included the use of NSBBs (n = 97, group 1). These drugs were not used in the other patients (n = 91, group 2).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of clinical, laboratory and demographic parameters, MELD scores and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classes for cirrhosis. Patient groups included in the study had no significant differences with respect to incidence of medium- and large-sized varices and incidence of severe ascites. Bleeding incidence was significantly lower in the NSBBs group than in the non-NSBBs group (52.6% and 95.6%, respectively, p = 0.0001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. NSBBs constitute an efficacious therapy in primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding, thereby saving life and preventing delisting of patients with ascites from the LTWL.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лист ожидания трансплантации печени</kwd><kwd>асцит</kwd><kwd>кровотечения</kwd><kwd>неселективные β-блокаторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplant waiting list</kwd><kwd>ascites</kwd><kwd>bleeding</kwd><kwd>nonselective beta-blockers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, Reiberger T, Ripoll C. Baveno VII Faculty. Baveno VII - Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022; 76 (4): 959-974. doi.org/10.1016/jjhep.2021.12.022. PMID: 35120736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, Reiberger T, Ripoll C. Baveno VII Faculty. Baveno VII - Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022; 76 (4): 959-974. doi.org/10.1016/jjhep.2021.12.022. PMID: 35120736.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Amico G, BernardiM, AngeliP Towards a new definition of decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2022; 76 (1): 202-207. doi.org/:10.1016/jjhep.2021.06.018. PMID: 34157322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Amico G, BernardiM, AngeliP Towards a new definition of decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2022; 76 (1): 202-207. doi.org/:10.1016/jjhep.2021.06.018. PMID: 34157322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Premkumar M, Anand AC. Overview of Complications in Cirrhosis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022 Jul-Aug; 12 (4): 1150-1174. doi: 10.1016/jjceh.2022.04.021. Epub 2022 May 14. PMID: 35814522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Premkumar M, Anand AC. Overview of Complications in Cirrhosis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022 Jul-Aug; 12 (4): 1150-1174. doi: 10.1016/jjceh.2022.04.021. Epub 2022 May 14. PMID: 35814522.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwong AJ, Ebel NH, Kim WR, Lake JR, Smith JM, Schladt DP et al. OPTN/SRTR 2020 Annual Data Report: Liver. Am J Transplant. 2022 Mar; 22 Suppl 2: 204-309. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16978. PMID: 35266621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwong AJ, Ebel NH, Kim WR, Lake JR, Smith JM, Schladt DP et al. OPTN/SRTR 2020 Annual Data Report: Liver. Am J Transplant. 2022 Mar; 22 Suppl 2: 204-309. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16978. PMID: 35266621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toniutto P, Zanetto A, Ferrarese A, Burra P. Current challenges and future directions for liver transplantation. Liver Int. 2017; 37 (3): 317-327. doi.org/:10.nn/liv.13255. PMID: 27634369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toniutto P, Zanetto A, Ferrarese A, Burra P. Current challenges and future directions for liver transplantation. Liver Int. 2017; 37 (3): 317-327. doi.org/:10.nn/liv.13255. PMID: 27634369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Готье СВ, Хомяков СМ. Донорство и трансплантация органов в Российской Федерации в 2021 году. XIV сообщение регистра Российского транспланто-логического общества. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2022; 24 (3): 8-31. doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-3-8-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gautier SV Khomyakov SM. Organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation in 2021. 14th Report from the Registry of the Russian Transplant Society. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2022; 24 (3): 8-31. doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-3-8-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коробка ВЛ, Пасечников ВД, Коробка РВ, Пак ЕС, Шаповалов АМ. Использование эндоскопического лигирования варикозных узлов в комбинации с неселективными p-блокаторами или самостоятельно в профилактике кровотечений у больных с асцитом, включенных в лист ожидания трансплантации печени. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2022; 24 (3): 42-50. doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-3-42-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korobka VL, Pasech-nikov VD, Korobka RV, Pak ES, Shapovalov AM. Use of endoscopic band ligation alone and in combination with nonselective beta blockers for prevention of vari-ceal bleeding in ascites patients on the liver transplant waiting list. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2022; 24 (3): 42-50. (In Russ.). doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-3-42-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leise MD, Kim WR, Kremers WK, Larson JJ, Larson JJ, Benson JT et al. A revised model for end-stage liver disease optimizes prediction of mortality among patients awaiting liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 2011; 140: 1952-1960. doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leise MD, Kim WR, Kremers WK, Larson JJ, Larson JJ, Benson JT et al. A revised model for end-stage liver disease optimizes prediction of mortality among patients awaiting liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 2011; 140: 1952-1960. doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Child CG, Turcotte JG. Surgery and portal hypertension. Major Probl Clin Surg. 1964; 1: 1-85. PMID: 4950264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Child CG, Turcotte JG. Surgery and portal hypertension. Major Probl Clin Surg. 1964; 1: 1-85. PMID: 4950264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br JSurg. 1973; 60 (8): 646-649. doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800600817. PMID: 4541913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br JSurg. 1973; 60 (8): 646-649. doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800600817. PMID: 4541913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Franchis R. Baveno VI Faculty. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2015; 63: 743-752. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.022. PMID: 26047908.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Franchis R. Baveno VI Faculty. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2015; 63: 743-752. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.022. PMID: 26047908.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Варикозное расширение вен пищевода. Практические рекомендации Всемирной гастроэнтерологической организации, 2013. https://www.worldgastroenterolo-gy.org/UserFiles/file/guidelines/esophageal-varices-rus-sian-2014.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varicose veins of the esophagus. Practical recommendations of the World Gastroenterological Organization. [Internet, updated 2013; cited 2014 Jan]. Available from: https://www.worldgastroenterolo-gy.org/UserFiles/file/guidelines/esophageal-varices-rus-sian-2014.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore KP, Wong F, Gines P, Bernardi M, Ochs A, Salerno F et al. The management of ascites in cirrhosis: report on the consensus conference of the International Ascites Club. Hepatology. 2003; 38 (1): 258-266. doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2003.50315. PMID: 12830009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore KP, Wong F, Gines P, Bernardi M, Ochs A, Salerno F et al. The management of ascites in cirrhosis: report on the consensus conference of the International Ascites Club. Hepatology. 2003; 38 (1): 258-266. doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2003.50315. PMID: 12830009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Amico G, Morabito A, D’Amico M, Pasta L, Mali-zia G, Rebora P et al. Clinical states of cirrhosis and competing risks. J Hepatol. 2018 Mar; 68 (3): 563-576. doi: 10.1016/jjhep.2017.10.020. Epub 2017 Oct 27. PMID: 29111320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Amico G, Morabito A, D’Amico M, Pasta L, Malizia G, Rebora P et al. Clinical states of cirrhosis and competing risks. J Hepatol. 2018 Mar; 68 (3): 563-576. doi: 10.1016/jjhep.2017.10.020. Epub 2017 Oct 27. PMID: 29111320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zacharias AP, Jeyaraj R, Hobolth L, Bendtsen F, Glu-ud LL, Morgan MY. Carvedilol versus traditional, non-selective beta-blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 29; 10 (10): CD011510. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011510.pub2. PMID: 30372514; PMCID: PMC6517039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zacharias AP, Jeyaraj R, Hobolth L, Bendtsen F, Gluud LL, Morgan MY. Carvedilol versus traditional, non-selective beta-blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 29; 10 (10): CD011510. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011510.pub2. PMID: 30372514; PMCID: PMC6517039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tellez L, Albillos A. Non-selective beta-blockers in patients with ascites: The complex interplay among the liver, kidney and heart. Liver Int. 2022 Apr; 42 (4): 749761. doi: 10.1111/liv.15166. Epub 2022 Feb 11. PMID: 35051310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tellez L, Albillos A. Non-selective beta-blockers in patients with ascites: The complex interplay among the liver, kidney and heart. Liver Int. 2022 Apr; 42 (4): 749761. doi: 10.1111/liv.15166. Epub 2022 Feb 11. PMID: 35051310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turco L, Villanueva C, La Mura V, Garda-Pagan JC, Reiberger T, Genesca J et al. Lowering Portal Pressure Improves Outcomes of Patients With Cirrhosis, With or Without Ascites: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Feb; 18 (2): 313-327.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.05.050. Epub 2019 Jun 5. PMID: 31176013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turco L, Villanueva C, La Mura V, Garda-Pagan JC, Reiberger T, Genesca J et al. Lowering Portal Pressure Improves Outcomes of Patients With Cirrhosis, With or Without Ascites: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Feb; 18 (2): 313-327.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.05.050. Epub 2019 Jun 5. PMID: 31176013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paternostro R, Becker J, Hofer BS, Panagl V, Schiffke H, Simbrunner B et al. The prognostic value of HVPG-response to non-selective beta-blockers in patients with NASH cirrhosis and varices. Dig Liver Dis. 2022 Apr; 54 (4): 500-508. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.09.009. Epub 2021 Nov 16. PMID: 34799282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paternostro R, Becker J, Hofer BS, Panagl V, Schiffke H, Simbrunner B et al. The prognostic value of HVPG-response to non-selective beta-blockers in patients with NASH cirrhosis and varices. Dig Liver Dis. 2022 Apr; 54 (4): 500-508. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.09.009. Epub 2021 Nov 16. PMID: 34799282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reiberger T, Schwabl P, Trauner M, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Mandorfer M. Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy. J Vis Exp. 2020 Jun 18; (160). doi: 10.3791/58819. PMID: 32628153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reiberger T, Schwabl P, Trauner M, Peck-Radosavlje-vic M, Mandorfer M. Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy. J Vis Exp. 2020 Jun 18; (160). doi: 10.3791/58819. PMID: 32628153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernandez-Gea V, Aracil C, Colomo A, Garupera I, Poca M, Torras X et al. Development of ascites in compensated cirrhosis with severe portal hypertension treated with p-blockers. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Mar; 107 (3): 418-427. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.456. Epub 2012 Feb 14. PMID: 22334252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernandez-Gea V, Aracil C, Colomo A, Garupera I, Poca M, Torras X et al. Development of ascites in compensated cirrhosis with severe portal hypertension treated with p-blockers. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Mar; 107 (3): 418-427. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.456. Epub 2012 Feb 14. PMID: 22334252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Amico G, Garcia-Pagan JC, Luca A, Bosch J. Hepatic vein pressure gradient reduction and prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2006 Nov; 131 (5): 1611-1624. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.013. PMID: 17101332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Amico G, Garcia-Pagan JC, Luca A, Bosch J. Hepatic vein pressure gradient reduction and prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2006 Nov; 131 (5): 1611-1624. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.013. PMID: 17101332.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villanueva C, Aracil C, Colomo A, Hernandez-Gea V, Lopez-Balaguer JM, Alvarez-Urturi C et al. Acute hemodynamic response to beta-blockers and prediction of long-term outcome in primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. Gastroenterology. 2009 Jul; 137 (1): 119-128. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.048. Epub 2009 Apr 1. PMID: 19344721.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villanueva C, Aracil C, Colomo A, Hernandez-Gea V, Lopez-Balaguer JM, Alvarez-Urturi C et al. Acute hemodynamic response to beta-blockers and prediction of long-term outcome in primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. Gastroenterology. 2009 Jul; 137 (1): 119-128. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.048. Epub 2009 Apr 1. PMID: 19344721.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Mura V, Abraldes JG, Raffa S, Retto O, Berzigotti A, Garda-Pagan JC et al. Prognostic value of acute hemodynamic response to i.v. propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2009 Aug; 51 (2): 279-287. doi: 10.1016/jjhep.2009.04.015. Epub 2009 May 24. PMID: 19501930.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Mura V, Abraldes JG, Raffa S, Retto O, Berzigotti A, Garda-Pagan JC et al. Prognostic value of acute hemodynamic response to i.v. propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2009 Aug; 51 (2): 279-287. doi: 10.1016/jjhep.2009.04.015. Epub 2009 May 24. PMID: 19501930.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofer BS, Simbrunner B, Bauer DJM, Paternostro R, Schwabl P, Scheiner B et al. Acute hemodynamic response to propranolol predicts bleeding and nonbleeding decompensation in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun. 2022 Sep; 6 (9): 2569-2580. doi: 10.1002/hep4.2021. Epub 2022 Jul 8. PMID: 35808889; PMCID: PMC9426394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofer BS, Simbrunner B, Bauer DJM, Paternostro R, Schwabl P, Scheiner B et al. Acute hemodynamic response to propranolol predicts bleeding and nonbleeding decompensation in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun. 2022 Sep; 6 (9): 2569-2580. doi: 10.1002/hep4.2021. Epub 2022 Jul 8. PMID: 35808889; PMCID: PMC9426394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baiges A, Hernandez-Gea V. Management of Liver Decompensation in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease: Ascites, Hyponatremia, and Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding. Clin Drug Investig. 2022 Jun; 42 (Suppl 1): 25-31. doi: 10.1007/s40261-022-01147-5. Epub 2022 Apr 27. PMID: 35476218; PMCID: PMC9205794.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baiges A, Hernandez-Gea V. Management of Liver Decompensation in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease: Ascites, Hyponatremia, and Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding. Clin Drug Investig. 2022 Jun; 42 (Suppl 1): 25-31. doi: 10.1007/s40261-022-01147-5. Epub 2022 Apr 27. PMID: 35476218; PMCID: PMC9205794.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ngwa T, Orman E, Gomez EV, Vuppalanchi R, Kubal C, Chalasani N et al. Non-selective beta blocker use is associated with improved short-term survival in patients with cirrhosis referred for liver transplantation. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan 6; 20 (1): 4. doi: 10.1186/s12876-019-1155-1. PMID: 31906860; PMCID: PMC6945622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ngwa T, Orman E, Gomez EV, Vuppalanchi R, Kubal C, Chalasani N et al. Non-selective beta blocker use is associated with improved short-term survival in patients with cirrhosis referred for liver transplantation. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan 6; 20 (1): 4. doi: 10.1186/s12876-019-1155-1. PMID: 31906860; PMCID: PMC6945622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cales P, Bertrais S, Boursier J, Fouchard I, Oberti F. SNIFF 16 group. Non-selective beta-blockers increase overall and liver mortality in alcoholic cirrhosis with MELD &gt;12 over 5 years of follow-up. Liver Int. 2021 Jan; 41 (1): 168-179. doi: 10.1111/liv.14674. PMID: 32979020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cales P, Bertrais S, Boursier J, Fouchard I, Oberti F. SNIFF 16 group. Non-selective beta-blockers increase overall and liver mortality in alcoholic cirrhosis with MELD &gt;12 over 5 years of follow-up. Liver Int. 2021 Jan; 41 (1): 168-179. doi: 10.1111/liv.14674. PMID: 32979020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarin SK, Mishra SR, Sharma P, Sharma BC, Kumar A. Early primary prophylaxis with beta-blockers does not prevent the growth of small esophageal varices in cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatol Int. 2013 Mar; 7 (1): 248-256. doi: 10.1007/s12072-012-9353-8. Epub 2012 Mar 10. PMID: 26201639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarin SK, Mishra SR, Sharma P, Sharma BC, Kumar A. Early primary prophylaxis with beta-blockers does not prevent the growth of small esophageal varices in cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatol Int. 2013 Mar; 7 (1): 248-256. doi: 10.1007/s12072-012-9353-8. Epub 2012 Mar 10. PMID: 26201639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Souza AR, La Mura V, Berzigotti A, Garda-Pagan JC, Abraldes JG, Bosch J. Prognosis of acute vari-ceal bleeding: Is being on beta-blockers an aggravating factor? A short-term survival analysis. Hepatology. 2015 Dec; 62 (6): 1840-1846. doi: 10.1002/hep.28151. Epub 2015 Oct 17. PMID: 26340692.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Souza AR, La Mura V, Berzigotti A, Garda-Pagan JC, Abraldes JG, Bosch J. Prognosis of acute variceal bleeding: Is being on beta-blockers an aggravating factor? A short-term survival analysis. Hepatology. 2015 Dec; 62 (6): 1840-1846. doi: 10.1002/hep.28151. Epub 2015 Oct 17. PMID: 26340692.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snoga JL, Lusk KA, Attridge RT, Attridge RL. Effect of Nonselective P-Blockers on Mortality in Patients With End-Stage Cirrhosis. Ann Pharmacother. 2020 Apr; 54 (4): 322-330. doi: 10.1177/1060028019886529. Epub 2019 Nov 8. PMID: 31701773.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snoga JL, Lusk KA, Attridge RT, Attridge RL. Effect of Nonselective P-Blockers on Mortality in Patients With End-Stage Cirrhosis. Ann Pharmacother. 2020 Apr; 54 (4): 322-330. doi: 10.1177/1060028019886529. Epub 2019 Nov 8. PMID: 31701773.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ngwa T, Orman E, Gomez EV, Vuppalanchi R, Kubal C, Chalasani N et al. Non-selective beta blocker use is associated with improved short-term survival in patients with cirrhosis referred for liver transplantation. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan 6; 20 (1): 4. doi: 10.1186/s12876-019-1155-1. PMID: 31906860; PMCID: PMC6945622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ngwa T, Orman E, Gomez EV, Vuppalanchi R, Kubal C, Chalasani N et al. Non-selective beta blocker use is associated with improved short-term survival in patients with cirrhosis referred for liver transplantation. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan 6; 20 (1): 4. doi: 10.1186/s12876-019-1155-1. PMID: 31906860; PMCID: PMC6945622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma M, Singh S, Desai V, Shah VH, Kamath PS, Murad MH et al. Comparison of Therapies for Primary Prevention of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2019 Apr; 69 (4): 1657-1675. doi: 10.1002/hep.30220. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID: 30125369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma M, Singh S, Desai V, Shah VH, Kamath PS, Murad MH et al. Comparison of Therapies for Primary Prevention of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2019 Apr; 69 (4): 1657-1675. doi: 10.1002/hep.30220. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID: 30125369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">PremkumarM, RangegowdaD, Vyas T, Khumuckham JS, Shasthry SM, Thomas SS. Carvedilol Combined With Ivabradine Improves Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction, Clinical Progression, and Survival in Cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jul; 54 (6): 561-568. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001219. PMID: 31305281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PremkumarM, RangegowdaD, Vyas T, Khumuckham JS, Shasthry SM, Thomas SS. Carvedilol Combined With Ivabradine Improves Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction, Clinical Progression, and Survival in Cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jul; 54 (6): 561-568. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001219. PMID: 31305281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
