<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2021-3-66-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1350</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯ ОРГАНОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности нервно - психического развития детей с билиарной атрезией после трансплантации печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neuropsychological development of children with biliary atresia after liver transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыркина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syrkina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сыркина Алла Владиславовна</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla V. Syrkina</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">allaSyrk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашкова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашкова Ирина Евгеньевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irish7@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монахов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakhov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Монахов Артём Рашидович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.r.monakhov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Силина Оксана Викторовна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuksish@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеклецова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekletsova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеклецова Елена Владимировна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ch_alena@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олешкевич</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleshkevich</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олешкевич София Юрьевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prockuratova.sonechka@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Ирина Борисовна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">childneuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цирульникова</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsirulnikova</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цирульникова Ольга Мартеновна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsiroulnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр&#13;
трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени&#13;
академика В.И. Шумакова" Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs;&#13;
Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сыркина А.В., Пашкова И.Е., Монахов А.Р., Силина О.В., Чеклецова Е.В., Олешкевич С.Ю., Комарова И.Б., Цирульникова О.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сыркина А.В., Пашкова И.Е., Монахов А.Р., Силина О.В., Чеклецова Е.В., Олешкевич С.Ю., Комарова И.Б., Цирульникова О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Syrkina A.V., Pashkova I.E., Monakhov A.R., Silina O.V., Chekletsova E.V., Oleshkevich S.Y., Komarova I.B., Tsirulnikova O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1350">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1350</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Билиарная атрезия – наиболее частое показание к трансплантации печени в детском возрасте. Трансплантация печени позволила принципиально повысить выживаемость детей с билиарной атрезией. Исследования исходов развития детей в основном ограничиваются малыми выборками, а в РФ отсутствуют полностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить когнитивные исходы у детей перенёсших  одноэтапное или двухэтапное хирургическое лечение билиарной атрезии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. 83 ребёнка были разделены на группы: 36 детям проведена трансплантация без предшествующих хирургических вмешательств (группа 1), 47 детей прошли паллиативный этап портоэнтеростомии по Касаи (группа 2). Критерии включения: возраст на момент трансплантации до 24 мес, отсутствие неврологической патологии в анамнезе.  Все дети осматривались до трансплантации и в период 1,3,6 и 12 мес после трансплантации печени. Оценка психомоторного развития проводилась с использованием Шкалы психомоторного развития по Гриффитс для детей до 24 месяцев (перевод Кешишян Е.С.), Шкалы Интеллектуального Развития по Гриффитс  для детей от 2 до 8 лет, и Модифицированного теста на аутизм, пересмотренного, для детей 16-30 мес.</p></sec><sec><title> Результаты</title><p> Результаты. Все дети на момент трансплантации имели задержку развития. До 50% детей имели признаки кахексии, окружность плеча была менее 3 перцентиля. Только у двух детей была выявлена явная печёночная энцефалопатия в виде угнетения сознания. После трансплантации печени   94% детей группы 1 восстановили дооперационный уровень психомоторного развития, и только 68% в группе 2 достигли этих успехов. Через 3 и 6 мес после трансплантации около 80 % детей группы 1 демонстрировали нормальное психомоторное развития, тогда как в группе 2 только 61%. К 12 мес после трансплантации печени разница между группами стала более очевидной: 83,3% детей группы 1 и только 53,2 % детей группы 2 развивались по возрасту. Разница между группами была статистически значима (p&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: Дети  получившие одноэтапное лечение билиарной атрезии, перенёсшие транплантацию печени, имеют лучшие показатели нервно-психического развития в течение года после операции по сравнению с детьми с двухэтапным хирургическом лечением.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. In young children, the most common liver disease leading to transplantation is biliary atresia. Liver transplantation has fundamentally improved the survival rate of children with biliary atresia. Studies on developmental outcomes in children are mostly limited to small samples; there are no such studies in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to determine the cognitive outcomes in children undergoing one-stage or two-stage surgical treatment of biliary atresia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. 83 children were divided into groups: 36 children underwent transplantation without previous surgical interventions (group 1), 47 children underwent the Kasai palliative portoenterostomy (group 2). Inclusion criteria: 24 months of age or younger at the moment of transplantation, no medical history of neurological pathology. All children were examined before transplantation and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after liver transplantation. Psychomotor development was assessed using the Griffiths Psychomotor Development Scale for children under 24 months (translated by E.S. Keshishian), the Griffiths Intellectual Development Scale for children aged 2 to 8 years, and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, for children 16-30 months old.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. All children had developmental delays at the time of transplantation. Up to 50% of the children had signs of cachexia, with a shoulder circumference of less than 3 percentile. Only two children showed obvious hepatic encephalopathy in the form of depressed consciousness. After liver transplantation, 94% of group 1 children recovered their preoperative psychomotor development levels, and only 68% in group 2 made these gains. At 3 and 6 months after transplantation, about 80% of group 1 children showed normal psychomotor development, whereas in group 2, only 61% did. By 12 months after liver transplantation, the difference between the groups was more evident: 83.3% of group 1 children and only 53.2% of group 2 children were developing according to age. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Children who received one-stage treatment of biliary atresia and underwent liver transplantation have better neuropsychological development within a year after surgery than children with two-stage surgical treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>билиарная атрезия</kwd><kwd>портоэнтеростомия по Касаи</kwd><kwd>психоневрологическое развития</kwd><kwd>когнитивное развитие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>biliary atresia</kwd><kwd>Kasai portoenterostomy</kwd><kwd>neuropsychological development</kwd><kwd>cognitive development</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Готье СВ, Цирульникова ОМ, Мойсюк ЯГ, Ахаладзе ДГ, Цирульникова ИЭ, Силина ОВ и др. Трансплантация печени детям: анализ шестилетнего опыта. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2014; 16 (3): 54–62. doi: 10.15825/1995-1191-2014-3-54-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gautier SV, Tsiroulnikova OM, Moysyuk YaG, Akhaladze DG, Tsiroulnikova IE, Silina OV et al. Liver transplantation in children: six-year experience analysis. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2014; 16 (3): 54–62. (In Russ.). doi: 10.15825/1995-1191-2014-3-54-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkison PR et al. Long-term results of pediatric liver transplantation in a combined pediatric and adult transplant program. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J J Assoc Medicale Can. 2002; 166 (13): 1663–1671.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkison PR et al. Long-term results of pediatric liver transplantation in a combined pediatric and adult transplant program. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J J Assoc Medicale Can. 2002; 166 (13): 1663–1671.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartley JL, Davenport M, Kelly DA. Biliary atresia. Lancet Lond Engl. 2009; 374 (9702): 1704–1713. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60946-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartley JL, Davenport M, Kelly DA. Biliary atresia. Lancet Lond Engl. 2009; 374 (9702): 1704–1713. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60946-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разумовский АЮ, Дегтярева АВ, Куликова НВ, Рачков ВЕ, Ратников СА, Филиппова ЕА и др. Отдаленные результаты лечения детей с билиарной атрезией. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2019; 64 (1): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-1-46-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razumovskiy AYu, Degtyareva AV, Kulikova NV, Rachkov VE, Ratnikov SA, Filippova EA et al. Remote results of treatment of biliary atresia in children. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2019; 64 (1): 46–55. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-1-46-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hackl C, Schlitt HJ, Melter M, Knoppke B, Loss M. Current developments in pediatric liver transplantation. World J Hepatol. 2015; 7 (11): 1509–1520. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hackl C, Schlitt HJ, Melter M, Knoppke B, Loss M. Current developments in pediatric liver transplantation. World J Hepatol. 2015; 7 (11): 1509–1520. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кешишян ЕС. Оценка психомоторного развития ребенка раннего возраста в практике педиатра. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2020. doi: 10.33029/9704-5831-0-OPR-2020-1-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keshishyan ES. Ocenka psihomotornogo razvitiya rebenka rannego vozrasta v praktike pediatra. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2020. doi: 10.33029/9704-5831-0-OPR-2020-1-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith JA, Bidder RT, Gardner SM, Gray OP. Griffiths Scales of Mental Development and different users. Child Care Health Dev. 1980; 6 (1): 11–16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1980.tb00792.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith JA, Bidder RT, Gardner SM, Gray OP. Griffiths Scales of Mental Development and different users. Child Care Health Dev. 1980; 6 (1): 11–16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1980.tb00792.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coelho-Medeiros ME et al. M-CHAT-R/F Validation as a screening tool for early detection in children with autism spectrum disorder. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2019; 90 (5): 492–499. doi: 10.32641/rchped.v90i5.703.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coelho-Medeiros ME et al. M-CHAT-R/F Validation as a screening tool for early detection in children with autism spectrum disorder. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2019; 90 (5): 492–499. doi: 10.32641/rchped.v90i5.703.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart SM, Uauy R, Waller DA, Kennard BD, Benser M, Andrews WS. Mental and motor development, social competence, and growth one year after successful pediatric liver transplantation. J Pediatr. 1989; 114 (4 Pt 1): 574–581. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80696-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart SM, Uauy R, Waller DA, Kennard BD, Benser M, Andrews WS. Mental and motor development, social competence, and growth one year after successful pediatric liver transplantation. J Pediatr. 1989; 114 (4 Pt 1): 574–581. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80696-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alonso EM. Growth and developmental considerations in pediatric liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2008; 14 (5): 585–591. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.21488.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alonso EM. Growth and developmental considerations in pediatric liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2008; 14 (5): 585–591. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.21488.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart SM, Uauy R, Waller DA, Kennard BD, Andrews WS. Mental and motor development correlates in patients with end-stage biliary atresia awaiting liver transplantation. Pediatrics. 1987; 79 (6): 882–888.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart SM, Uauy R, Waller DA, Kennard BD, Andrews WS. Mental and motor development correlates in patients with end-stage biliary atresia awaiting liver transplantation. Pediatrics. 1987; 79 (6): 882–888.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caudle SE, Katzenstein JM, Karpen S, McLin V. Developmental assessment of infants with biliary atresia: differences between boys and girls. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012; 55 (4): 384–389. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318259ed20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caudle SE, Katzenstein JM, Karpen S, McLin V. Developmental assessment of infants with biliary atresia: differences between boys and girls. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012; 55 (4): 384–389. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318259ed20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Squires JE et al. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preschool and School Aged Children With Biliary Atresia and Their Native Liver. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020; 70 (1): 79–86. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Squires JE et al. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preschool and School Aged Children With Biliary Atresia and Their Native Liver. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020; 70 (1): 79–86. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ee LC, Lloyd O, Beale K, Fawcett J, Cleghorn GJ. Academic potential and cognitive functioning of long-term survivors after childhood liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant. 2014; 18 (3): 272–279. doi: 10.1111/petr.12246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ee LC, Lloyd O, Beale K, Fawcett J, Cleghorn GJ. Academic potential and cognitive functioning of long-term survivors after childhood liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant. 2014; 18 (3): 272–279. doi: 10.1111/petr.12246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorensen LG, Neighbors K, Martz K, Zelko F, Bucuvalas JC, Alonso EM Cognitive and Academic Outcomes after Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Functional Outcomes Group (FOG) Results. Am J Transplant. 2011; 11 (2): 303–311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03363.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorensen LG, Neighbors K, Martz K, Zelko F, Bucuvalas JC, Alonso EM Cognitive and Academic Outcomes after Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Functional Outcomes Group (FOG) Results. Am J Transplant. 2011; 11 (2): 303–311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03363.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bucuvalas JC et al. Risk of hearing impairment in pediatric liver transplant recipients: a single center study. Pediatr Transplant. 2003; 7 (4): 265–269. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3046.2003.02054.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bucuvalas JC et al. Risk of hearing impairment in pediatric liver transplant recipients: a single center study. Pediatr Transplant. 2003; 7 (4): 265–269. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3046.2003.02054.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilasco MIA, Uribe-Cruz C, Santetti D, Pfaffenseller B, Dornelles CTL, da Silveira TR. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Children and Adolescents with Cirrhosis Due to Biliary Atresia. Ann Nutr Metab. 2016; 69 (1): 1–8. doi: 10.1159/000447364.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilasco MIA, Uribe-Cruz C, Santetti D, Pfaffenseller B, Dornelles CTL, da Silveira TR. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Children and Adolescents with Cirrhosis Due to Biliary Atresia. Ann Nutr Metab. 2016; 69 (1): 1–8. doi: 10.1159/000447364.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan W., Yu Y., Cain C.M., Nyberg F., Couraud P.O., Kastin A.J. Permeation of growth hormone across the blood-brain barrier. Endocrinology. 2005; 146 (11): 4898–4904. doi: 10.1210/en.2005-0587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan W., Yu Y., Cain C.M., Nyberg F., Couraud P.O., Kastin A.J. Permeation of growth hormone across the blood-brain barrier. Endocrinology. 2005; 146 (11): 4898–4904. doi: 10.1210/en.2005-0587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Heide LP, Ramakers GMJ, Smidt MP. Insulin signaling in the central nervous system: learning to survive. Prog Neurobiol. 2006; 79 (4): 205–221. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.06.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Heide LP, Ramakers GMJ, Smidt MP. Insulin signaling in the central nervous system: learning to survive. Prog Neurobiol. 2006; 79 (4): 205–221. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.06.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonald JW, Goldberg MP, Gwag BJ, Chi SI, Choi DW. Cyclosporine induces neuronal apoptosis and selective oligodendrocyte death in cortical cultures. Ann Neurol. 1996; 40 (5): 750–758. doi: 10.1002/ana.410400511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonald JW, Goldberg MP, Gwag BJ, Chi SI, Choi DW. Cyclosporine induces neuronal apoptosis and selective oligodendrocyte death in cortical cultures. Ann Neurol. 1996; 40 (5): 750–758. doi: 10.1002/ana.410400511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bondy CA, Cheng CM. Signaling by insulin-like growth factor 1 in brain. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004; 490 (1–3): 25–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondy CA, Cheng CM. Signaling by insulin-like growth factor 1 in brain. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004; 490 (1–3): 25–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курабекова РМ, Цирульникова ОМ, Пашкова ИЕ, Макарова ЛВ, Можейко НП, Монахов АР, Шевченко ОП. Связь уровней гормона роста и инсулиноподобного фактора роста 1 (ИФР-1) с функцией печени и краткосрочной выживаемостью детей – реципиентов печени. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2020; 30 (4): 44–51. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-44-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurabekova RM, Tsiroulnikova OM, Pashkova IE, Makarova LV, Mozheiko NP, Monakhov AR, Shevchenko OP. Association between Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Levels, Liver Function and Short-Term Survival of Paediatric Liver Recipients. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2020; 30 (4): 44–51. (In Russ.). doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-44-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. J Hepatol. 2014; 61 (3): 642– 659. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. J Hepatol. 2014; 61 (3): 642– 659. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butterworth RF. Pathophysiology of brain dysfunction in hyperammonemic syndromes: The many faces of glutamine. Mol Genet Metab. 2014; 113 (1–2): 113–117. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.06.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butterworth RF. Pathophysiology of brain dysfunction in hyperammonemic syndromes: The many faces of glutamine. Mol Genet Metab. 2014; 113 (1–2): 113–117. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.06.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлов ЧС, Дамулин ИВ, Ивашкин ВТ. Печеночная энцефалопатия: патогенез, клиника, диагностика, терапия. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016; 26 (1): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-1-44-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlov ChS, Damulin IV, Ivashkin VT. Hepatic encephalopathy: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016; 26 (1): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-1-44-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
