vtioВестник трансплантологии и искусственных органовRussian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs1995-1191Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation10.15825/1995-1191-2021-1-171-177vtio-1328Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSМетодические основы трансплантации аутологичного культивированного эпителия полости ртаCultivated autologous oral mucosal epithelial transplantationБорзенокС. А.BorzenokS. A.

Москва.

Moscow.

МалюгинБ. Э.MalyuginB. E.

Москва.

Moscow.

ГерасимовМ. Ю.GerasimovM. Yu.

Герасимов Максим Юрьевич.

127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а.

Тел. (499) 488-85-58

Maxim Gerasimov.

59A, Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486.

Phone: (499) 488-85-58

gerasimovmy@mntk.ruОстровскийД. С.OstrovskyD. S.

127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а.

59A, Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486.

НМИЦ «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» имени академика С.Н. Федорова Минздрава России; Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава РоссииРоссияFyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryRussian FederationНМИЦ «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» имени академика С.Н. Федорова Минздрава РоссииРоссияFyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State InstitutionRussian Federation202110042021231171177Copyright © Борзенок С.А., Малюгин Б.Э., Герасимов М.Ю., Островский Д.С., 20212021Борзенок С.А., Малюгин Б.Э., Герасимов М.Ю., Островский Д.С.Borzenok S.A., Malyugin B.E., Gerasimov M.Y., Ostrovsky D.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1328

По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, роговичная слепота является четвертой по частоте причиной слепоты и слабовидения в мире. В Российской Федерации до 18% слепоты обусловлено поражением роговицы. Синдром лимбальной недостаточности (СЛН) является одной из причин слепоты и слабовидения при патологии роговицы за счет замещения переднего эпителия фиброваскулярным паннусом. При таких заболеваниях, как аниридия, синдром Стивенса-Джонсона, при тяжелых ожогах роговицы обоих глаз может развиваться двусторонний СЛН, приводящий к выраженному снижению остроты зрения на оба глаза, и как следствие, инвалидности. В таких случаях для реконструкции переднего эпителия роговицы предлагается использовать клеточную терапию на основе аутологичной культуры эпителия полости рта как альтернативу аллогенным пересадкам лимба. Применение нового метода лечения способствует реэпителизации роговицы, увеличению остроты зрения, редукции основных неспецифических жалоб и повышению качества жизни пациентов. Эффективность и существенное повышение частоты прозрачного приживления донорской роговицы после клеточной терапии обусловливает повышенный интерес к данной теме во всем мире. В настоящем обзоре представлены литературные данные по особенностям гисто-топографии и методам получения аутологичной культуры эпителия полости рта, клеточным маркерам, позволяющим идентифицировать эпителиальные клетки, а также методам создания клеточных трансплантатов для последующей пересадки на поверхность роговицы у пациентов с СЛН.

According to the World Health Organization, corneal blindness is the fourth most common cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. In Russia, up to 18% of blindness is caused by corneal damage. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is one of the causes of corneal blindness and visual impairment due to anterior epithelial replacement with fibrovascular pannus. Bilateral LSCD may develop in patients with aniridia, Steven-Jones syndrome, and severe corneal burns of both eyes, leading to severe decrease in visual acuity in both eyes and, as a consequence, physical disability associated with blindness. In such cases, cell therapy, based on autologous oral epithelial culture as an alternative to allogeneic limbus transplants, is proposed for reconstruction of the anterior corneal epithelium. This new treatment method promotes corneal reepithelization, better visual acuity, reduced nonspecific ocular complaints and improved quality of life of patients. The effectiveness and significant increase in the frequency of transparent engraftment of donor corneas after cell therapy drives huge interest in this topic all over the world. This review presents literature data on the features of histotopography and methods for obtaining a cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelium, on cell markers that are used to identify epithelial cells, and on methods for creating cell grafts for subsequent transplantation to the corneal surface in LSCD patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.