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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2021-2-104-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1301</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГЕНЕРАТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА И КЛЕТОЧНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGENERATIVE MEDICINE  AND CELL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сверхкритический диоксид углерода как метод снижения цитотоксичности биополимерных и тканеспецифических скаффолдов для тканевой инженерии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Supercritical carbon dioxide as a tool for improving the biocompatible properties of biopolymer and tissue specific scaffolds for tissue engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немец</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemets</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Немец Евгений Абрамович</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Nemets</p><p>1, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgnemets@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лажко</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazhko</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лажко Алексей Эдуардович </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksej E. Lazhko  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeylazhko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Алексей Михайлович </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksej M. Grigoryev  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bear-38@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белов Вячеслав Юрьевич  </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vjacheslav Yu. Belov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">w.000000000@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сургученко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surguchenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сургученко Валентина Александровна  </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina A. Surguchenko  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valent.egorova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басок</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basok</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Басок Юлия Борисовна  </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulija B. Basok  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bjb2005@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кириллова Александра Дмитриевна </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra D. Kirillova  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirillovaad20@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севастьянов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevastianov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севастьянов Виктор Иванович </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor I. Sevastianov  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viksev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России;&#13;
АНО «Институт медико-биологических исследований и технологий»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs;&#13;
Institute for Biomedical Research and Technology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт общей и неорганической химии имени Н.С. Курнакова» РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Немец Е.А., Лажко А.Э., Григорьев А.М., Белов В.Ю., Сургученко В.А., Басок Ю.Б., Кириллова А.Д., Севастьянов В.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Немец Е.А., Лажко А.Э., Григорьев А.М., Белов В.Ю., Сургученко В.А., Басок Ю.Б., Кириллова А.Д., Севастьянов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nemets E.A., Lazhko A.E., Grigoryev A.M., Belov V.Y., Surguchenko V.A., Basok Y.B., Kirillova A.D., Sevastianov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1301">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1301</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Исследовать эффективность сверхкритического диоксида углерода (ск-СО2) для снижения цитотоксичности биополимерных скаффолдов из биодеградируемых материалов и тканеспецифических скаффолдов из децеллюляризованных фрагментов печени свиньи (ФПс) или мелкодисперсных частиц хряща свиньи (МДЧХс).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Биополимерные скаффолды из композиции сополимера поли(оксибутирата-со-оксивалерата) и желатина, диаметром 4 мм и длиной 80 мм формировали методом электроспиннинга (NANON-01A, MECC CO, Япония) и стабилизировали в парах глутарового альдегида в течение 48 ч при комнатной температуре. Для децеллюляризации ФПс и МДЧХс инкубировали при периодическом перемешивании в буферных (рН = 7,4) растворах додецилсульфата натрия (0,1%) и Triton Х-100 с повышающейся концентрацией (1, 2 и 3%). Обработку в атмосфере ск-СО2 проводили при давлении 150–300 бар, температуре 35 °С, скорости потока ск-СО2 0,25–2,5 мл/мин в течение 8–24 ч. В качестве модификатора полярности применяли этанол в концентрации 10%. Цитотоксичность оценивали согласно межгосударственному стандарту ГОСТ ISO 10993-5-2011. Исследование пролиферации фибробластов мыши линии NIH/3T3 в присутствии образцов проводили с применением интерактивной оптической системы IncuCyte Zoom.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследовано влияние скорости потока и давления ск-СО2, а также добавление этанола на снижение цитотоксичности скаффолдов. Установлено, что обработка при низкой скорости потока ск-СО2 (0,25 мл/мин) не приводит к требуемым значениям цитотоксичности. Полного отсутствия цитотоксичности биополимерных скаффолдов удается достичь в присутствии 10% этанола, при скорости потока ск-СО2 2,5 мл/мин, давлении 300 бар, температуре 35 °С после 8 ч обработки. Эффективное удаление цитотоксичных детергентов из децеллюляризованной печени происходит уже при давлении 150 бар и не требует применения этанола. Добавление этанола к ск-СО2 позволяет устранить не только цитотоксическое, но и цитостатическое действие тканеспецифических скаффолдов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обработка ск-СО2 является эффективным способом снижения цитотоксичности трехмерных пористых матриксов, получаемых с применением цитотоксических веществ: бифункциональных сшивающих агентов для биополимерных скаффолдов и поверхностно-активных веществ в случае тканеспецифических матриксов. Добавление этанола в качестве модификатора полярности позволяет повысить эффективность обработки за счет устранения как цитотоксического, так и цитостатического эффекта.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to investigate the efficacy of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) for enhancштп the biocompatibility of biopolymer scaffolds from biodegradable materials and tissue-specific scaffolds from decellularized porcine liver slices (PLSs) or fine porcine cartilage particles (FPCPs).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Biopolymer scaffolds of a polyoxy(butyrate-co-valerate) and gelatin copolymer composition, 4 mm in diameter and 80 mm in length, were formed by electrospinning (NANON-01A, MECC CO, Japan) and stabilized by incubation in glutaraldehyde vapor for 48 hours at room temperature. For decellularization, PLSs and FPCPs were incubated under periodic stirring in buffer (pH = 7.4) solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.1%) and Triton X-100 with increasing concentrations (1, 2, and 3%). Treatment in a sc-CO2 atmosphere was done at 150–300 bar pressure, 35 °C temperature, and 0.25–2.5 mL/min flow rate of sc-CO2 for 8–24 hours. 10% ethanol was introduced as a polarity modifier. Cytotoxicity was studied according to GOST ISO 10993-5-2011. The growth of NIH/3T3 in the presence of samples was studied using an interactive optical system IncuCyte Zoom.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The effect of the sc-CO2 flow rate and pressure, and the effect of addition of ethanol, on the biocompatibility of scaffolds was investigated. It was found that treatment at a low sc-CO2 flow rate (0.25 mL/min) does not achieve the required cytotoxicity. Complete absence of cytotoxicity in biopolymer scaffolds was achieved in the presence of 10% ethanol, at a sc-CO2 flow rate of 2.5 mL/min, 300 bar pressure and 35 °C temperature after 8 hours of treatment. Effective removal of cytotoxic detergents from decellularized liver occurs already at a 150-bar pressure and does not require the addition of ethanol. Adding ethanol to sc-CO2 eliminates not only the cytotoxic, but also the cytostatic effect of tissue-specific scaffolds.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Sc-CO2 treatment is an effective way to enhance the biocompatibility of three-dimensional porous matrices produced using cytotoxic substances: bifunctional crosslinking agents for biopolymer scaffolds and surfactants in the case of tissue-specific matrices. Addition of ethanol as a polarity modifier improves the treatment efficiency by eliminating both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>печень свиньи</kwd><kwd>хрящ свиньи</kwd><kwd>децеллюляризация</kwd><kwd>биополимерные скаффолды</kwd><kwd>сверхкритический СО2</kwd><kwd>модификатор полярности</kwd><kwd>цитотоксичност</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pig liver</kwd><kwd>pig cartilage</kwd><kwd>decellularization</kwd><kwd>biopolymer scaffolds</kwd><kwd>supercritical CO2</kwd><kwd>polarity modifier</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicity</kwd><kwd>biocompatibility</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сургученко ВА. Матриксы для тканевой инженерии и гибридных органов. Биосовместимые материалы: учебное пособие / Под ред. В.И. Севастьянова, М.П. Кирпичникова. М.: МИА, 2011. 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