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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2020-4-69-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1265</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая трансплантология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Transplantology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности ведения реципиентов почечного трансплантата с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical course and approaches to therapy in kidney transplant recipients with the novel COVID-19 disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котенко</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotenko</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюхина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukhina</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3</p><p>Тел. (916) 882-42-21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Pekhotnaya str., Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation</p><p>Phone: (916) 882-42-21 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arlyu-1404@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяревич</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarevich</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ № 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ № 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital 52;&#13;
Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry;&#13;
Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Котенко О.Н., Артюхина Л.Ю., Фролова Н.Ф., Столяревич Е.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котенко О.Н., Артюхина Л.Ю., Фролова Н.Ф., Столяревич Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotenko O.N., Artyukhina L.Y., Frolova N.F., Stolyarevich E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1265">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1265</self-uri><abstract><p>Пандемия COVID-19 повлекла за собой глобальные последствия, обусловленные  широким распространением инфекции в мире, отсутствием в настоящее время  доказанной эффективной терапии, резистентностью к проводимому лечению у значительной части заболевших и, как следствие, значительной летальностью, особенно в группах высокого риска. Одной из наиболее проблемных  категорий больных являются реципиенты почечного трансплантата с коронавирусной  пневмонией. Данная когорта больных имеет серьезный прогноз заболевания с учетом совокупности факторов риска: длительной иммуносупрессии, коморбидного фона  больных, последствий хронической болезни почек. Трудности ведения  трансплантированных пациентов с СOVID-19 также обусловлены ограничением применения лекарственных препаратов из-за неблагоприятных межлекарственных взаимодействий. </p><p>Целью исследования было проанализировать течение заболевания COVID-19 у пациентов, перенесших трансплантацию органов, и оценить факторы, влияющие на  прогноз заболевания, оптимизировать подходы к лечению этих больных. </p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. За период с 15.04.20 по 15.06.20 в стационаре нашей клиники  было пролечено 68 человек (38 мужчин и 30 женщин). Средний возраст составил 49,7 ± 9,2 года (от 22 до 70 лет). Диагноз COVID-19 был верифицирован методом ПЦР. По данным МСКТ во всех случаях выявлялось характерное поражение легких различной степени тяжести. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Из 68 человек 61 (89,8%) был выписан с выздоровлением, 7 пациентов умерли. Таким образом, летальность составила 10,2%. Этот показатель не зависел от  возраста и пола. В первую очередь, летальность зависела от тяжести легочного поражения: при КТ4 составила 43% (3/7), при КТ3 – 11,1% (4/36), у пациентов с КТ2 летальных исходов не было. Среди пациентов, получавших ИВЛ, летальность составила 100%. Важным прогностическим фактором оказалась также выраженность дисфункции трансплантата: при умеренной дисфункции этот показатель составил 8% (5/63), тогда как при выраженной дисфункции он был равен 40% (2 из 5). Помимо этого, более тяжелый прогноз отмечался у пациентов в ранние сроки после АТП: у 5 пациентов из 7 умерших от СOVID-19 (71%) срок после АТП составлял менее года. Летальность у этой категории пациентов составила 24%, тогда как в сроки от 1 до 5 лет этот показатель был равен 13,6%, а среди пациентов со сроком после АТП более 5 лет летальных  исходов не отмечалось. Всем пациентам проводилась антибактериальная  (левофлоксацин либо азитромицин) и противовирусная (гидроксихлорохин) терапия. Во всех случаях проводилось изменение базисной ИСТ, включавшее отмену препаратов микофеноловой кислоты, минимизацию дозы ингибиторов кальциневрина (целевая концентрация 1,5–3 нг/мл для такролимуса и 30–50 нг/мл для циклоспорина) и  повышение дозы преднизолона на 5 мг относительно текущей дозировки. В 78% случаев проводилась патогенетическая терапия антиинтерлейкиновыми моноклональными антителами (преимущественно тоцилизумабом). Этим пациентам также вводился внутривенный иммуноглобулин в средней дозе 10 г. При тяжелом  течении СOVID-19, сопровождавшемся в 22% случаев клинико-лабораторными признаками тромботической микроангиопатии, проводились сеансы плазмообмена и/или инфузии свежезамороженной плазмы и коррекция дозы низкомолекулярных гепаринов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Пневмония, индуцированная СOVID-19, у пациентов после трансплантации почки характеризуется высоким риском прогрессирования легочного процесса и  дыхательной недостаточности. Летальность при СОVID-19 не зависит от пола и  возраста, однако коррелирует со сроком после трансплантации, тяжестью пневмонии и  выраженностью дисфункции РАТ. Перевод на ИВЛ сопряжен с крайне неблагоприятным прогнозом заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has had global consequences due to the wide spread of the infection in the world, lack of currently proven effective therapy, resistance to treatment in a significant proportion of those affected and, as a result, high mortality, especially among high-risk groups. Kidney transplant recipients with coronavirus-induced pneumonia are among the most problematic categories of patients. This patient cohort experiences a severe form of the disease, taking into account a combination of risk factors, such as long-term immunosuppression, comorbid background of patients, and consequences of chronic kidney disease. Difficulties in the management of recipients with COVID-19 are also down to the limitation of the use of drugs due to adverse drug-drug interactions. </p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the course of COVID-19 disease in organ recipients, to assess the factors influencing the prognosis of the disease, and to optimize approaches to treatment of these patients. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. During the period from April 15, 2020 to June 15, 2020, 68 people (38 men and 30 women) were hospitalized at our clinic. Their average age was 49.7 ± 9.2 years (22 to 70 years). COVID-19 diagnosis was verified by PCR. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) scans showed that in all cases, there were characteristic lung lesions of varying degrees of severity. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Out of the 68 people treated, 61 (89.8%) were discharged with recovery, 7 patients died. So, the mortality rate was 10.2%. This indicator did not depend on age and gender. First of all, mortality depended on the severity of lung lesions: at CT4 it was 43% (3/7), at CT3 – 11.1% (4/36), there were no deaths in patients with CT2. There was a 100% mortality among patients who received mechanical ventilation. Severity of graft dysfunction was also an important prognostic factor: with moderate dysfunction, this indicator was 8% (5/63), while with severe dysfunction it was 40% (2 out of 5). Besides, a more severe prognosis was observed in patients in the early post-transplant period: 5 patients out of the 7 who died of COVID-19 (71%) lived for less than a year after kidney allotransplantation (ATP). Mortality in this category of patients was 24%, while in the period from 1 to 5 years, this indicator was 13.6%; no deaths were recorded among patients with a period of over 5 years after ATP. All patients received antibacterial (levofloxacin or azithromycin) and antiviral (hydroxychloroquine) therapy. In all cases, the baseline immunosuppressive  therapy (IST) was changed, including withdrawal of mycophenolic acid preparations, minimization of the calcineurin inhibitor dose (target concentration 1.5–3 ng/mL for tacrolimus and 30–50 ng/mL for cyclosporine), and increase in prednisolone dose by 5 mg relative to the current one. About 78% of cases received pathogenetic therapy with anti-interleukin monoclonal antibodies (mainly tocilizumab). These patients also received intravenous immunoglobulin at 10 g average dose. In severe COVID-19 accompanied in by clinical and laboratory signs of thrombotic microangiopathy 22% of cases, plasma exchange sessions and/or infusion of fresh frozen plasma and dose adjustment of low molecular weight heparins were performed. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. COVID-19-induced pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients is characterized by a high risk of progressive lung damage and respiratory failure. Mortality in COVID-19 is independent of gender and age, but correlates with post-transplantation period, severity of pneumonia, and severity of graft dysfunction. The need for mechanical ventilation is associated with an extremely unfavorable prognosis of the disease. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция СОVID-2019</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>аллотрансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>почечный трансплантат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>kidney allotransplantation</kwd><kwd>kidney graft.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">How should I manage immunosuppression in a kidney transplant patient with COVID-19? An ERA-EDTA DESCARTES expert opinion. 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