<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2020-2-139-150</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Регенеративная медицина и клеточные технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Regenerative Medicine and Cell Technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические исследования препаратов клеточной терапии: опыт рассмотрения зарубежными регуляторными органами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical trials for cellular therapy products: conclusions reached by foreign regulatory bodies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельникова Екатерина Валерьевна</p><p>Адрес: 123182, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 6, корп. 1. Тел. (916) 288-03-02. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Melnikova</p><p>Address: 6/2, Shchukinskaya str., Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation. Теl. (916) 288-03-02.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MelnikovaEV@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельникова Е.В., Меркулова О.В., Меркулов В.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельникова Е.В., Меркулова О.В., Меркулов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikova E.V., Merkulova O.V., Merkulov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1195">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1195</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время проблема внедрения в медицинскую практику в Российской Федерации препаратов на основе жизнеспособных клеток человека – биомедицинских клеточных продуктов (БМКП) – включает, в том числе, отсутствие опыта проведения клинических исследований (КИ) таких препаратов и их экспертной оценки в рамках национальной процедуры государственной регистрации. В мировой практике к началу 2020 г. известно более 30 препаратов клеточной терапии (препаратов на основе клеток и тканей человека), которые прошли процедуру рассмотрения результатов клинических исследований в рамках получения разрешения на продажу регуляторными органами США, Европейского союза, Японии, Южной Кореи. Большинство препаратов для клеточной терапии предназначены для лечения тяжелых орфанных заболеваний и жизнеугрожающих состояний, потребность в лечении которых в настоящее время не обеспечена традиционными лекарственными препаратами или методами. Целью данного исследования является анализ мирового опыта проведения клинических исследований препаратов клеточной терапии и рассмотрения регуляторными органами их результатов в рамках получения разрешения на продажу. Особое внимание было уделено КИ, на основе которых препарат получал разрешение на маркетинговую авторизацию (государственную регистрацию): типам и количеству КИ, количеству пациентов, участвующих в КИ, выводам, сделанным экспертами регуляторных органов по эффективности, безопасности и отношению ожидаемой пользы к возможному риску применения этих препаратов. Преимущественно препараты были разрешены к применению на основе неконтролируемых КИ II фаз, в качестве контрольных групп сравнения использовался исторический контроль, плацебо или введение в КИ группы без применения препарата; количество пациентов в большинстве КИ было ограниченным, особенно для препаратов, предназначенных для лечения редких генетических заболеваний, а также препаратов, разрешенных к применению в Японии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the problem of adopting viable human cell-based drugs – biomedical cell products (BCPs) – in medical practice in the Russian Federation includes, among others, lack of experience in clinical trials for such drugs and insufficient expert assessment under the national state registration procedure. In global practice, by the beginning of 2020, there were over 30 cellular therapy products (human cellular- and tissue-based products) known to have undergone clinical trials for sales licenses from regulatory bodies in the United States, European Union, Japan, and South Korea. Most cellular therapy products are intended for treatment of severe orphan diseases and lifethreatening conditions that currently cannot be treated by traditional drugs or methods. The aim of this study is to analyze the global experience in clinical trials for cellular therapy products and also to examine conclusions reached by regulatory authorities with regards to issuance of sales licenses for the products. Particular attention was paid to clinical trials that subsequently led to granting of sales license (state registration). In reviewing such trials, we also focused on the types and number of clinical trials, the number of patients involved in the clinical trials, conclusions made by expert regulatory agencies on the efficacy, safety and risk/benefit ratio. Most of the products were approved for use based on uncontrolled phase II clinical trials. In the clinical trial, apart from the historical group and the placebo-controlled group, there was also a control group that received nothing. The number of patients in most clinical trials was limited, especially for drugs intended for treatment of rare genetic diseases, as well as drugs approved for use in Japan.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомедицинский клеточный продукт</kwd><kwd>препараты на основе клеток и тканей человека</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>клинические исследования</kwd><kwd>выводы регуляторных органов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomedical cell product</kwd><kwd>human cellular- and tissue-based products</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd><kwd>clinical trials</kwd><kwd>regulatory findings</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00154-19-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР AAAA-A18-118021590045-2).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Государственный реестр лекарственных средств [Internet]. https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Default.aspx.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State register of drugs [Internet]. Available from: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Default.aspx.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary Basis for Regulatory Action: KYMRIAH, ALL [Internet]. – Food and Drug Administration, 2017. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/UCM577221.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary Basis for Regulatory Action: KYMRIAH, ALL [Internet]. – Food and Drug Administration, 2017. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/UCM577221.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary basis for regulatory action – YESCARTA, DLBCL [Internet]. – Food and Drug Administration, 2017. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/UCM584335.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary basis for regulatory action – YESCARTA, DLBCL [Internet]. – Food and Drug Administration, 2017. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/UCM584335.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment report. Kymriah (EMA/462626/2018) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2018. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/kymriah-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment report. Kymriah (EMA/462626/2018) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2018. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/kymriah-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment report. Yescarta (EMA/CHMP/481168/2018) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2018. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/yescarta-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment report. Yescarta (EMA/CHMP/481168/2018) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2018. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/yescarta-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary Basis for Regulatory Action – KYMRIAH, DLBCL [Internet]. – Food and Drug Administration; 2018. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/UCM606836.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary Basis for Regulatory Action – KYMRIAH, DLBCL [Internet]. – Food and Drug Administration; 2018. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/UCM606836.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Den Neste E, Schmitz N, Mounier N, Gill D, Linch D, Tmeny M et al. Outcomes of diffuse large Bcell lymphoma patients relapsing after autologous stem cell transplantation: an analysis of patients included in the CORAL study. Bone marrow transplantation. 2017; 52 (2): 216–221. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2016.213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Den Neste E, Schmitz N, Mounier N, Gill D, Linch D, Tmeny M et al. Outcomes of diffuse large Bcell lymphoma patients relapsing after autologous stem cell transplantation: an analysis of patients included in the CORAL study. Bone marrow transplantation. 2017; 52 (2): 216–221. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2016.213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Den Neste E, Schmitz N, Mounier N, Gill D, Linch D, Tmeny M et al. Outcome of patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who fail second-line salvage regimens in the International CORAL study. Bone marrow transplantation. 2016; 51 (1): 51–57. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2015.213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Den Neste E, Schmitz N, Mounier N, Gill D, Linch D, Tmeny M et al. Outcome of patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who fail second-line salvage regimens in the International CORAL study. Bone marrow transplantation. 2016; 51 (1): 51–57. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2015.213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Locke FL, Ghobadi A, Jacobson CA, Miklos DB, Lekakis LJ, Oluwole OO et al. Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1–2 trial. The lancet oncology. 2019; 20 (1): 31–42. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30864-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Locke FL, Ghobadi A, Jacobson CA, Miklos DB, Lekakis LJ, Oluwole OO et al. Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1–2 trial. The lancet oncology. 2019; 20 (1): 31–42. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30864-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crump M, Neelapu SS, Farooq U, Van Den Neste E, Kuruvilla J, Westin J et al. Outcomes in refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the international SCHOLAR-1 study. Blood. 2017; 130 (16): 1800–1808. doi: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-769620.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crump M, Neelapu SS, Farooq U, Van Den Neste E, Kuruvilla J, Westin J et al. Outcomes in refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the international SCHOLAR-1 study. Blood. 2017; 130 (16): 1800–1808. doi: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-769620.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EPAR summary for the public. Holoclar (EMA/6865/2015) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2015. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/holoclar-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EPAR summary for the public. Holoclar (EMA/6865/2015) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2015. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/holoclar-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of product characteristics. Holoclar [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/holoclar-epar-product-information_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of product characteristics. Holoclar [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/holoclar-epar-product-information_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment report. Zalmoxis (EMA/ CHMP/589978/2016) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2016. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/assessment-report/zalmoxis-epar-publicassessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment report. Zalmoxis (EMA/ CHMP/589978/2016) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2016. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/assessment-report/zalmoxis-epar-publicassessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McBlane JW. Preclinical safety evaluation [Internet]. – 2016. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000211287.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McBlane JW. Preclinical safety evaluation [Internet]. – 2016. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000211287.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Holoclar (ex vivo expanded autologous human corneal epithelial cells containing stem cells) (EMA/26006/2015) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2015. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/rmpsummary/holoclar-epar-risk-management-plan-summary_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Holoclar (ex vivo expanded autologous human corneal epithelial cells containing stem cells) (EMA/26006/2015) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2015. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/rmpsummary/holoclar-epar-risk-management-plan-summary_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Detela G, Lodge A. EU regulatory pathways for ATMPs: standard, accelerated and adaptive pathways to marketing authorization. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2019;13: 205–232. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.01.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Detela G, Lodge A. EU regulatory pathways for ATMPs: standard, accelerated and adaptive pathways to marketing authorization. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2019;13: 205–232. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.01.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EPAR summary for the public. Zalmoxis (EMA/454627/2016) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2016. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/zalmoxis-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EPAR summary for the public. Zalmoxis (EMA/454627/2016) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2016. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/zalmoxis-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of product characteristics. Alofisel [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/ alofisel-epar-product-information_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of product characteristics. Alofisel [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/ alofisel-epar-product-information_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment report. Alofisel (EMA/CHMP/64055/2018) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2018. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/assessment-report/alofisel-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment report. Alofisel (EMA/CHMP/64055/2018) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2018. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/assessment-report/alofisel-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EPAR summary for the public. Alofisel (darvadstrocel) (EMA/1380/2018) [Электронный ресурс]. – European Medicines Agency, 2017. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/alofisel-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EPAR summary for the public. Alofisel (darvadstrocel) (EMA/1380/2018) [Электронный ресурс]. – European Medicines Agency, 2017. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/alofisel-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of product characteristics. Spherox [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/spherox-epar-product-information_en.pdf .</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of product characteristics. Spherox [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/spherox-epar-product-information_en.pdf .</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EPAR summary for the public. Spherox (EMA/326337/2017) Spherox [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2017. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/spherox-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EPAR summary for the public. Spherox (EMA/326337/2017) Spherox [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2017. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/spherox-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of risk management plan for Spherox (spheroids of human autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/rmp-summary/spherox-epar-risk-management-plan-summary_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of risk management plan for Spherox (spheroids of human autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/rmp-summary/spherox-epar-risk-management-plan-summary_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassan A, Booth C, Brightwell A, Allwood Z, Veys P, Rao K et al. Outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency. Blood. 2012; 120 (17): 3615–3624. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-396879.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassan A, Booth C, Brightwell A, Allwood Z, Veys P, Rao K et al. Outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency. Blood. 2012; 120 (17): 3615–3624. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-396879.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EPAR summary for the public. Strimvelis (EMA/ CHMP/249031/2016) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2016. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/strimvelis-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EPAR summary for the public. Strimvelis (EMA/ CHMP/249031/2016) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2016. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/overview/strimvelis-epar-summary-public_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment report. Strimvelis (EMA/ CHMP/272303/2016 Rev 1) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2016. Available from: https://www. ema.europa.eu/documents/assessment-report/strimvelisepar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment report. Strimvelis (EMA/ CHMP/272303/2016 Rev 1) [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2016. Available from: https://www. ema.europa.eu/documents/assessment-report/strimvelisepar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cicalese MP, Ferrua F, Castagnaro L, Pajno R, Barzaghi F, Giannelli S et al. Update on the safety and efficacy of retroviral gene therapy for immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency. Blood. 2016; 128 (1): 45–54. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-688226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cicalese MP, Ferrua F, Castagnaro L, Pajno R, Barzaghi F, Giannelli S et al. Update on the safety and efficacy of retroviral gene therapy for immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency. Blood. 2016; 128 (1): 45–54. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-688226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment report. Zynteglo. [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2019. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/zyntegloepar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment report. Zynteglo. [Internet]. – European Medicines Agency, 2019. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/zyntegloepar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary Basis for Regulatory Action. LAVIV® [Internet]. Available from: http://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170723023939/https:/www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/UCM262780.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary Basis for Regulatory Action. LAVIV® [Internet]. Available from: http://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170723023939/https:/www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/UCM262780.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fibrocell Science Inc [Internet]. Available from: http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/f/NASDAQ_FCSC_2016.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fibrocell Science Inc [Internet]. Available from: http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/f/NASDAQ_FCSC_2016.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pharmaceutical administration and regulations in Japan [Internet]. – Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, 2017. Available from: http://www.jpma.or.jp/english/parj/pdf/2017.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pharmaceutical administration and regulations in Japan [Internet]. – Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, 2017. Available from: http://www.jpma.or.jp/english/parj/pdf/2017.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report on the Deliberation Results. HeartSheet [Internet]. – 2015. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000215222.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report on the Deliberation Results. HeartSheet [Internet]. – 2015. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000215222.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terumo [Internet] – Available from: http://www.terumo.com/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terumo [Internet] – Available from: http://www.terumo.com/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Review Report. JACE [Internet]. – 2007. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000223079.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Review Report. JACE [Internet]. – 2007. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000223079.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">JACE. To all of our investors [Internet]. – 2013. Available from: http://www.jpte.co.jp/english/ir/messages/20130626.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">JACE. To all of our investors [Internet]. – 2013. Available from: http://www.jpte.co.jp/english/ir/messages/20130626.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report on the Deliberation Results. JACE [Internet]. – 2016. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000223080.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report on the Deliberation Results. JACE [Internet]. – 2016. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000223080.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report on the Deliberation Results. Temcell [Internet]. – 2015. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000215658.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report on the Deliberation Results. Temcell [Internet]. – 2015. Available from: http://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000215658.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.osiris.com/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.osiris.com/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee JH, Lee JH, Lim YS, Yeon JE, Song TJ, Yu SJ et al. Adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous cytokineinduced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2015; 148 (7): 1383–1391. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee JH, Lee JH, Lim YS, Yeon JE, Song TJ, Yu SJ et al. Adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous cytokineinduced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2015; 148 (7): 1383–1391. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee JW, Lee SH, Youn YJ, Ahn MS, Kim JY, Yoo BS et al. A randomized, open-label, multicenter trial for the safety and efficacy of adult mesenchymal stem cells after acute myocardial infarction. J Korean med sci. 2014; 29 (1): 23–31. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee JW, Lee SH, Youn YJ, Ahn MS, Kim JY, Yoo BS et al. A randomized, open-label, multicenter trial for the safety and efficacy of adult mesenchymal stem cells after acute myocardial infarction. J Korean med sci. 2014; 29 (1): 23–31. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
