<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-1191</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician V.I.Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15825/1995-1191-2020-1-209-219</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtio-1161</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические, иммунологические и этические аспекты выбора реципиента при трансплантации трупных донорских почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical, immunological and ethical aspects of selecting a recipient for cadaver kidney transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватазин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatazin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зулькарнаев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zulkarnaev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зулькарнаев Алексей Батыргараевич. </p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2, корпус 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zulkarnaev Alexey Batyrgaraevich. </p><p>block 6, 61/2, Schepkina str., Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">7059899@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>209</fpage><lpage>219</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ватазин А.В., Зулькарнаев А.Б., Степанов В.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ватазин А.В., Зулькарнаев А.Б., Степанов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vatazin V.A., Zulkarnaev A.B., Stepanov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1161">https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/view/1161</self-uri><abstract><p>Решение о трансплантации почки конкретному пациенту реализуется посредством двух последовательных решений: о включении пациента в лист ожидания и конкурентном выборе пациента для трансплантации среди нескольких кандидатов. Оба этих решения осуществляются в условиях наличия множества конкурирующих приоритетов и требуют мультидисциплинарного подхода. В статье проводится сравнительный анализ принципов ведения листа ожидания и селекции пары «донор–реципиент» в России, Европе (Eurotransplant) и США (UNOS). Селекция пары «донор–реципиент» реализуется по традиционной иерархической схеме решающих правил. В отличие от Eurotransplant и UNOS в России нет единых стандартов оценки качества донорского органа. Распространенный и в значительной мере неопределенный принцип old for old должен быть гармонично вписан в общую канву распределения донорских почек. Вторым отличием отечественной системы распределения донорских почек является выбор в пользу кандидата с меньшей степенью сенсибилизации. Данный принцип синергично с большой частотой положительной перекрестной пробы в значительной мере снижает доступность трансплантации для высоко сенсибилизированных кандидатов. Качество донорского органа и безусловный приоритет высокосенсибилизированных кандидатов являются концептуальными основополагающими принципами распределения органов в США и Европе. В условиях дефицита донорских почек выбор реципиента всегда носит конкурентный характер. Выбор кандидата может быть основан на пациент-ориентированном (выбор в пользу кандидата, у которого трансплантация в наибольшей степени снизит риск смерти; пример – «экстренный» лист ожидания) или альтернативном – утилитарном подходе (выбор в пользу кандидата с наибольшей прогнозируемой продолжительностью жизни). Однако радикальная приверженность одному из этих подходов неизбежно снижает доступность трансплантации почки для определенной категории пациентов. Для обоснованного выбора реципиента необходимо соотнесение таких факторов, как коморбидность, продолжительность ожидания, возраст, гистосовместимость и качество донорской почки, что позволит добиться зыбкого баланса между утилитарностью и пациент-ориентированностью. Принципы формирования листа ожидания и система эффективного распределения донорских органов иностранных авторитетных организаций не могут быть просто копированы и воспроизведены в России. Необходима их адаптация и валидация для локальной популяции пациентов. Объективные трудности такого анализа диктуют необходимость решения ее в национальном масштабе. Это будет способствовать обеспечению справедливого распределения донорских органов всем нуждающимся пациентам и получение наилучших результатов трансплантаций. Кроме того, это позволит в наиболее полной мере реализовать потенциал донорских органов. Выводы. Конъюнктура трансплантологической и нефрологической помощи в нашей стране постепенно меняется. Это определяет необходимость адаптации и стандартизации подходов к распределению почек, полученных от трупных доноров, для обеспечения равной доступности трансплантации для разных пациентов и наиболее полной реализации их потенциала. Выведение распределения органов из зоны ответственности локальных координационных советов, внедрение единой политики распределения донорских органов и выбора конкретного реципиента позволит снизить субъективность принимаемых решений, и возможно, улучшить результаты трансплантации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The decision to choose a particular patient for kidney transplantation is made through two consecutive decisions: decision to include the patient on the waiting list and decision to select a patient competitively among several candidates for transplant. Both decisions are taken amidst many competing priorities and require a multidisciplinary approach. This paper provides comparative analysis of the principles of maintaining a waitlist and selecting a donor–recipient pair in Russia, Europe (Eurotransplant) and the USA (UNOS). Donor–recipient pair is selected based on the traditional hierarchical scheme of decision rules. Unlike Eurotransplant and UNOS, there are no uniform standards in Russia for assessing the quality of a donor organ. The widespread and largely vague «old for old» principle should be harmoniously fitted into the general outline of donor kidney distribution. The second difference in the national distribution system of donor kidneys is the choice in favor of a candidate with a lesser degree of sensitization. With high frequency of positive cross-test, this principle, in a synergistic manner, greatly reduces the availability of transplantation for highly sensitized candidates. The quality of donor organ and unconditional priority on highly sensitized candidates are the conceptual fundamental principles of organ distribution in the US and Europe. Under donor kidney shortage, selecting a recipient is always competitive. The choice of a candidate can be based on a patient-oriented approach (a choice in favor of the candidate whose transplantation will most likely reduce the risk of death; for example, an «emergency» waiting list) or an alternative – a utilitarian approach (choosing the candidate with the longest predictable life expectancy). However, radical commitment to one of these approaches inevitably reduces availability of kidney transplantation for a specific category of patients. For a justified choice of recipient, it is necessary to correlate such factors as comorbidity, waiting time, age, histocompatibility and quality of donor kidney. This would achieve a shaky balance between utilitarian approach and patient-oriented approach. The principles of creating a waiting list and a system for efficient distribution of donor organs practiced by foreign organizations cannot be simply copied and reproduced in Russia. It is necessary to adapt and validate such principles for the local patient population. The objective difficulties of such an analysis dictate the need to address it on a national scale. This would ensure equitable distribution of donor organs to all patients in need and obtain the best transplant results. Moreover, this would make it possible to achieve the full potential of donor organs. Conclusions. The situation in transplantological and nephrological care in Russia is gradually changing. This determines the need to adapt and standardize approaches to allocation of cadaveric donor kidneys in order to ensure equal access to transplantation for different patients and fullest realization of their potential. Removing organ distribution from the area of responsibility of local coordination councils, introducing a unified policy for distribution of donor organs and choosing a specific recipient will reduce the subjectivity of decisions and, possibly, improve transplantation results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>лист ожидания</kwd><kwd>донор</kwd><kwd>реципиент</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>гистосовместимость</kwd><kwd>распределение органов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>waiting list</kwd><kwd>donor</kwd><kwd>recipient</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>histocompatibility</kwd><kwd>organ distribution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Participants in the International Summit on Transplant Tourism and Organ Trafficking Convened by the Transplantation Society and International Society of Nephrology in Istanbul, Turkey, April 30 – May 2, 2008. The declaration of Istanbul on organ trafficking and transplant tourism. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 23: 3375–3380. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Participants in the International Summit on Transplant Tourism and Organ Trafficking Convened by the Trans plantation Society and International Society of Nephro logy in Istanbul, Turkey, April 30 – May 2, 2008. The declaration of Istanbul on organ trafficking and transplant tourism. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 23: 3375–3380. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Purnell TS, Auguste P, Crews DC, Lamprea-Montealegre J, Olufade T, Greer R et al. Comparison of life participation activities among adults treated by hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 62 (5): 953–973. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Purnell TS, Auguste P, Crews DC, Lamprea-Montealegre J, Olufade T, Greer R et al. Comparison of life participation activities among adults treated by hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 62 (5): 953–973. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ERA-EDTA-reg.org [Internet]. European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA–EDTA) Registry Annual Report 2017. 2018; Available at: https://www.era-edta-reg.org/files/annualreports/pdf/AnnRep2017.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ERA-EDTA-reg.org [Internet]. European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA–EDTA) Registry Annual Report 2017. 2018; Available at: https://www.era-edta-reg.org/files/annualreports/pdf/AnnRep2017.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">USRDS.org [Internet]. United States Renal Data System. 2018 USRDS annual data report. Volume 2 – Endstage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the United States: Chapter 5: Mortality. 2019; Available at: https://www.usrds.org/2018/download/v2_c05_Mortality_18_usrds.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">USRDS.org [Internet]. United States Renal Data System. 2018 USRDS annual data report. Volume 2 – Endstage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the United States: Chapter 5: Mortality. 2019; Available at: https://www.usrds.org/2018/download/v2_c05_Mortality_18_usrds.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бикбов БТ, Томилина НА. Заместительная терапия терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации в 1998–2013 гг. Отчет по данным общероссийского регистра заместительной почечной терапии Российского диализного общества. Часть первая. Нефрология и диализ. 2015; 17 (3, приложение): 5–111. doi: 10.28996/1680-4422-2017-4suppl-1-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikbov BT, Tomilina NA. Renal replacement therapy for ESRD in Russian Federation, 1998–2013 Report of the Russian Renal Replacement Therapy Registry. Part 1. Nefrologiya i dializ[Nephrology and dialysis]. 2015; 17 (3, supplement): 5–111. [In Russ, English abstract]. doi: 10.28996/1680-4422-2017-4suppl-1-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Renal Best Practice Transplantation Guideline Development Group. ERBP Guideline on the Management and Evaluation of the Kidney Donor and Recipient. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013; 28 Suppl 2: ii1–71. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Renal Best Practice Transplantation Guideline Development Group. ERBP Guideline on the Management and Evaluation of the Kidney Donor and Recipient. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013; 28 Suppl 2: ii1–71. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transpl.ru [Интернет]. Профессиональная ассоциация: Общероссийская общественная организация трансплантологов «Российское трансплантологическое общество». Национальные клинические рекомендации: посмертное донорство органов. 2016. Доступно по ссылке: http://transpl.ru/files/rto/possmertnoe_dnorstvo_organov.pdf. Transpl.ru [Internet].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transpl.ru [Internet]. Professional Association: Russian public organization of transplantologists «Russian transplant society». National clinical guidelines: postmortal organ donation. 2016. [In Russ] Available at: http://transpl.ru/files/rto/possmertnoe_dnorstvo_organov.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Готье СВ, Хомяков СМ. Донорство и трансплантация органов в Российской Федерации в 2017 году. X сообщение регистра Российского трансплантологического общества. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2018; 20 (2): 6–28. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2018-2-6-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gautier SV, Khomyakov SM. Organ donation and transplantation in russian federation in 2017. 10th report of the national registry. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2018; 20 (2): 6–28. [In Russ, English abstract]. https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2018-2-6-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ватазин АВ, Зулькарнаев АБ, Степанов ВА. Анализ выживаемости пациентов в листе ожидания трансплантации почки с позиции конкурирующих рисков. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2019; 21 (1): 35–45. doi: 10.15825/1995-1191-2019-1-35-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vatazin AV, Zulkarnaev AB, Stepanov VA. Survival analysis of patients in the waiting list for kidney transplantation in terms of competing risks. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2019; 21 (1): 35–45. [In Russ, English abstract]. doi: 10.15825/1995-1191-2019-1-35-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eurotransplant.org [Internet]. Eurotransplant Manual – version 8.0. Chapter 4: Kidney (ETKAS and ESP). 2018; Available at: https://www.eurotransplant.org/cms/mediaobject.php?file=H4+Kidney+March+20191.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eurotransplant.org [Internet]. Eurotransplant Manual – version 8.0. Chapter 4: Kidney (ETKAS and ESP). 2018; Available at: https://www.eurotransplant.org/cms/mediaobject.php?file=H4+Kidney+March+20191.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smits JM, Persijn GG, van Houwelingen HC, Claas FH, Frei U. Evaluation of the Eurotransplant Senior Program. The results of the first year. Am J Transplant. 2002; 2 (7): 664–670.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smits JM, Persijn GG, van Houwelingen HC, Claas FH, Frei U. Evaluation of the Eurotransplant Senior Program. The results of the first year. Am J Transplant. 2002; 2 (7): 664–670.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frei U, Noeldeke J, Machold-Fabrizii V, Arbogast H, Margreiter R, Fricke L et al. Prospective age-matching in elderly kidney transplant recipients – a 5-year analysis of the Eurotransplant Senior Program. Am J Transplant. 2008; 8 (1): 50–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02014.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frei U, Noeldeke J, Machold-Fabrizii V, Arbogast H, Margreiter R, Fricke L et al. Prospective age-matching in elderly kidney transplant recipients – a 5-year analysis of the Eurotransplant Senior Program. Am J Transplant. 2008; 8 (1): 50–57. doi: 10.1111/j.16006143.2007.02014.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jay CL, Washburn K, Dean PG, Helmick RA, Pugh JA, Stegall MD. Survival benefit in older patients associated with earlier transplant with high kdpi kidneys. Transplantation. 2017; 101 (4): 867–872. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jay CL, Washburn K, Dean PG, Helmick RA, Pugh JA, Stegall MD. Survival benefit in older patients associated with earlier transplant with high kdpi kidneys. Transplantation. 2017; 101 (4): 867–872. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oniscu GC, Brown H, Forsythe JL. Impact of cadaveric renal transplantation on survival in patients listed for transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16 (6): 1859– 1865. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004121092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oniscu GC, Brown H, Forsythe JL. Impact of cadaveric renal transplantation on survival in patients listed for transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16 (6): 1859– 1865. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004121092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Port FK, Bragg-Gresham JL, Metzger RA, Dykstra DM, Gillespie BW, Young EW. Donor characteristics associated with reduced graft survival: an approach to expanding the pool of kidney donors. Transplantation. 2002; 15; 74 (9): 1281–1286. doi: 10.1097/00007890-200211150-00014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oniscu GC, Brown H, Forsythe JL. Impact of cadaveric renal transplantation on survival in patients listed for transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16 (6): 1859– 1865. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004121092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Port FK, Dykstra DM, Merion RM, Wolfe RA. Trends and results for organ donation and transplantation in the United States, 2004. Am J Transplant. 2005; 5 (4 Pt 2): 843–849. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6135.2005.00831.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Port FK, Bragg-Gresham JL, Metzger RA, Dykstra DM, Gillespie BW, Young EW. Donor characteristics associated with reduced graft survival: an approach to expanding the pool of kidney donors. Transplantation. 2002; 15; 74 (9): 1281–1286. doi: 10.1097/00007890200211150-00014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosengard BR, Feng S, Alfrey EJ, Zaroff JG, Emond JC, Henry ML et al. Report of the Crystal City meeting to maximize the use of organs recovered from the cadaver donor. Am J Transplant. 2002; 2 (8): 701–711.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Port FK, Bragg-Gresham JL, Metzger RA, Dykstra DM, Gillespie BW, Young EW. Donor characteristics associated with reduced graft survival: an approach to expanding the pool of kidney donors. Transplantation. 2002; 15; 74 (9): 1281–1286. doi: 10.1097/00007890200211150-00014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stegall MD, Stock PG, Andreoni K, Friedewald JJ, Leichtman AB. Why do we have the kidney allocation system we have today? A history of the 2014 kidney allocation system. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78 (1): 4–8. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Port FK, Dykstra DM, Merion RM, Wolfe RA. Trends and results for organ donation and transplantation in the United States, 2004. Am J Transplant. 2005; 5 (4 Pt 2): 843–849. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6135.2005.00831.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asts.org [Internet]. The OPTN/UNOS Kidney Transplantation Committee. Kidney Allocation Concepts. Request for Information. Issued by: The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and United Network for Organ Sharing Kidney Transplantation Committee. Circulated for consideration September 24, 2008 through December 18, 2008. Available from: https://asts.org/docs/defaultsource/optn-unos/proposed-kidney-allocation-conceptsrfi-september-24-2008.pdf?sfvrsn=8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Port FK, Dykstra DM, Merion RM, Wolfe RA. Trends and results for organ donation and transplantation in the United States, 2004. Am J Transplant. 2005; 5 (4 Pt 2): 843–849. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6135.2005.00831.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolfe RA, McCullough KP, Schaubel DE, Kalbfleisch JD, Murray S, Stegall MD et al. Calculating life years from transplant (LYFT): methods for kidney and kidneypancreas candidates. Am J Transplant. 2008; 8 (4 Pt 2): 997–1011. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02177.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosengard BR, Feng S, Alfrey EJ, Zaroff JG, Emond JC, Henry ML et al. Report of the Crystal City meeting to maximize the use of organs recovered from the cadaver donor. Am J Transplant. 2002; 2 (8): 701–711.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao PS, Schaubel DE, Guidinger MK, Andreoni KA, Wolfe RA, Merion RM et al. A comprehensive risk quantification score for deceased donor kidneys: the kidney donor risk index. Transplantation. 2009; 27; 88 (2): 231–236. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ac620b.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosengard BR, Feng S, Alfrey EJ, Zaroff JG, Emond JC, Henry ML et al. Report of the Crystal City meeting to maximize the use of organs recovered from the cadaver donor. Am J Transplant. 2002; 2 (8): 701–711.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolfe RA, McCullough KP, Leichtman AB. Predictability of survival models for waiting list and transplant patients: calculating LYFT. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9 (7): 1523–1527. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02708.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stegall MD, Stock PG, Andreoni K, Friedewald JJ, Leichtman AB. Why do we have the kidney allocation system we have today? A history of the 2014 kidney allocation system. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78 (1): 4–8. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stock PG. Balancing multiple and conflicting allocation goals: a logical path forward. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9 (7): 1519–1522. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02715.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stegall MD, Stock PG, Andreoni K, Friedewald JJ, Leichtman AB. Why do we have the kidney allocation system we have today? A history of the 2014 kidney allocation system. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78 (1): 4–8. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seoane-Pillado MT, Pita-Fernández S, Valdés-Cañedo F, Seijo-Bestilleiro R, Pértega-Díaz S, Fernández-Rivera C et al. Incidence of cardiovascular events and associated risk factors in kidney transplant patients: a competing risks survival analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017; 17 (1): 72. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0505-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asts.org [Internet]. The OPTN/UNOS Kidney Transplantation Committee. Kidney Allocation Concepts. Request for Information. Issued by: The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and United Network for Organ Sharing Kidney Transplantation Committee. Circulated for consideration September 24, 2008 through December 18, 2008. Available from: https://asts.org/docs/defaultsource/optn-unos/proposed-kidney-allocation-conceptsrfi-september-24-2008.pdf?sfvrsn=8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glicklich D, Vohra P. Cardiovascular risk assessment before and after kidney transplantation. Cardiol Rev. 2014; 22 (4): 153–162. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asts.org [Internet]. The OPTN/UNOS Kidney Transplantation Committee. Kidney Allocation Concepts. Request for Information. Issued by: The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and United Network for Organ Sharing Kidney Transplantation Committee. Circulated for consideration September 24, 2008 through December 18, 2008. Available from: https://asts.org/docs/defaultsource/optn-unos/proposed-kidney-allocation-conceptsrfi-september-24-2008.pdf?sfvrsn=8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoumpos S, Jardine AG, Mark PB. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. Transpl Int. 2015; 28 (1): 10–21. doi: 10.1111/tri.12413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolfe RA, McCullough KP, Schaubel DE, Kalbfleisch JD, Murray S, Stegall MD et al. Calculating life years from transplant (LYFT): methods for kidney and kidneypancreas candidates. Am J Transplant. 2008; 8 (4 Pt 2): 997–1011. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02177.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Lullo L, House A, Gorini A, Santoboni A, Russo D, Ronco C. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular complications. Heart Fail Rev. 2015; 20 (3): 259–272. doi: 10.1007/s10741-014-9460-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolfe RA, McCullough KP, Schaubel DE, Kalbfleisch JD, Murray S, Stegall MD et al. Calculating life years from transplant (LYFT): methods for kidney and kidneypancreas candidates. Am J Transplant. 2008; 8 (4 Pt 2): 997–1011. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02177.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chopra B, Sureshkumar KK. Changing organ allocation policy for kidney transplantation in the United States. World J Transplant. 2015; 5 (2): 38–43. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i2.38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao PS, Schaubel DE, Guidinger MK, Andreoni KA, Wolfe RA, Merion RM et al. A comprehensive risk quantification score for deceased donor kidneys: the kidney donor risk index. Transplantation. 2009; 27; 88 (2): 231–236. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ac620b.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OPTN.transplant.hrsa.gov [Internet]. A Guide to Calculating and Interpreting the Kidney Donor Profle Index (KDPI). Updated: May 15, 20192019. Available at: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1512/guide_to_calculating_interpreting_kdpi.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao PS, Schaubel DE, Guidinger MK, Andreoni KA, Wolfe RA, Merion RM et al. A comprehensive risk quantification score for deceased donor kidneys: the kidney donor risk index. Transplantation. 2009; 27; 88 (2): 231–236. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ac620b.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Israni AK, Salkowski N, Gustafson S, Snyder JJ, Friedewald JJ, Formica RN et al. New national allocation policy for deceased donor kidneys in the United States and possible effect on patient outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014; 25 (8): 1842–1848. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013070784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolfe RA, McCullough KP, Leichtman AB. Predictability of survival models for waiting list and transplant patients: calculating LYFT. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9 (7): 1523–1527. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02708.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massie AB, Luo X, Lonze BE, Desai NM, Bingaman AW, Cooper M et al. Early changes in kidney distribution under the new allocation system. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016; 27 (8): 2495–2501. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015080934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolfe RA, McCullough KP, Leichtman AB. Predictability of survival models for waiting list and transplant patients: calculating LYFT. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9 (7): 1523–1527. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02708.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang CJ, Wetmore JB, Israni AK. Old versus new: Progress in reaching the goals of the new kidney allocation system. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78 (1): 9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stock PG. Balancing multiple and conflicting allocation goals: a logical path forward. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9 (7): 1519–1522. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02715.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transpl.ru [Интернет]. Профессиональная ассоциация: Общероссийская общественная организация трансплантологов «Российское трансплантологическое общество». Национальные клинические рекомендации: трансплантация почки. 2016. Доступно по ссылке: http://transpl.ru/files/rto/transpl_pochki.pdf. Transpl.ru [Internet].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stock PG. Balancing multiple and conflicting allocation goals: a logical path forward. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9 (7): 1519–1522. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02715.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulte K, Klasen V, Vollmer C, Borzikowsky C, Kunzendorf U, Feldkamp T. Analysis of the eurotransplant kidney allocation algorithm: How should we balance utility and equity? Transplant Proc. 2018; 50 (10): 3010–3016. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.08.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seoane-Pillado MT, Pita-Fernández S, Valdés-Cañedo F, Seijo-Bestilleiro R, Pértega-Díaz S, Fernández-Rivera C et al. Incidence of cardiovascular events and associated risk factors in kidney transplant patients: a competing risks survival analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017; 17 (1): 72. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0505-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smits JM, van Houwelingen HC, De Meester J, Persijn GG, Claas FH. Analysis of the renal transplant waiting list: application of a parametric competing risk method. Transplantation. 1998; 15; 66 (9): 1146–1153. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199811150-00006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seoane-Pillado MT, Pita-Fernández S, Valdés-Cañedo F, Seijo-Bestilleiro R, Pértega-Díaz S, Fernández-Rivera C et al. Incidence of cardiovascular events and associated risk factors in kidney transplant patients: a competing risks survival analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017; 17 (1): 72. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0505-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouaoun L, Villar E, Ecochard R, Couchoud C. Excess risk of death increases with time from first dialysis for patients on the waiting list: implications for renal allograft allocation policy. Nephron Clin Pract. 2013; 124 (1–2): 99–105. doi: 10.1159/000355549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glicklich D, Vohra P. Cardiovascular risk assessment before and after kidney transplantation. Cardiol Rev. 2014; 22 (4): 153–162. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OPTN.transplant.hrsa.gov [Internet]. OPTN policies (last updated 10/01/2019). 2019. Available at: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1200/optn_policies.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glicklich D, Vohra P. Cardiovascular risk assessment before and after kidney transplantation. Cardiol Rev. 2014; 22 (4): 153–162. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org [Internet]. The National Marrow Donor Program Database. Available at https://bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoumpos S, Jardine AG, Mark PB. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. Transpl Int. 2015; 28 (1): 10–21. doi: 10.1111/tri.12413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allelefrequencies.net [Internet]. The Allele Frequency Net Database. Available at http://www.allelefrequencies.net.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoumpos S, Jardine AG, Mark PB. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. Transpl Int. 2015; 28 (1): 10–21. doi: 10.1111/tri.12413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vranic GM, Ma JZ, Keith DS. The role of minority geographic distribution in waiting time for deceased donor kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2014; 14 (11): 2526–2534. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12860.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Lullo L, House A, Gorini A, Santoboni A, Russo D, Ronco C. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular complications. Heart Fail Rev. 2015; 20 (3): 259–272. doi: 10.1007/s10741-014-9460-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leffell MS, Cherikh WS, Land G, Zachary AA. Improved definition of human leukocyte antigen frequencies among minorities and applicability to estimates of transplant compatibility. Transplantation. 2007; 83 (7): 964–972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Lullo L, House A, Gorini A, Santoboni A, Russo D, Ronco C. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular complications. Heart Fail Rev. 2015; 20 (3): 259–272. doi: 10.1007/s10741-014-9460-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Favoino B, Frugis Caggianelli L, Mininni D, Nitti M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P et al. Rare phenotype and transplantability in cadaveric kidney transplant. Transplant Proc. 2004; 36 (3): 479–480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chopra B, Sureshkumar KK. Changing organ allocation policy for kidney transplantation in the United States. World J Transplant. 2015; 5 (2): 38–43. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i2.38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piazza A, Ozzella G, Poggi E, Caputo D, Manfreda A, Adorno D. Virtual crossmatch in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2014; 46 (7): 2195–2198. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chopra B, Sureshkumar KK. Changing organ allocation policy for kidney transplantation in the United States. World J Transplant. 2015; 5 (2): 38–43. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i2.38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson AM. The Virtual Crossmatch: An Essential Tool for Transplanting Sensitized Patients. Clin Transpl. 2014: 131–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OPTN.transplant.hrsa.gov [Internet]. A Guide to Calculating and Interpreting the Kidney Donor Profle Index (KDPI). Updated: May 15, 20192019. Available at: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1512/guide_to_calculating_interpreting_kdpi.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duquesnoy RJ. Are we ready for epitope-based HLA matching in clinical organ transplantation? Transplantation. 2017; 101 (8): 1755–1765. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OPTN.transplant.hrsa.gov [Internet]. A Guide to Calculating and Interpreting the Kidney Donor Profle Index (KDPI). Updated: May 15, 20192019. Available at: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1512/guide_to_calculating_interpreting_kdpi.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claas FH, Witvliet MD, Duquesnoy RJ, Persijn GG, Doxiadis II. The acceptable mismatch program as a fast tool for highly sensitized patients awaiting a cadaveric kidney transplantation: short waiting time and excellent graft outcome. Transplantation. 2004; 27; 78 (2): 190– 193. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000129260.86766.67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Israni AK, Salkowski N, Gustafson S, Snyder JJ, Friedewald JJ, Formica RN et al. New national allocation policy for deceased donor kidneys in the United States and possible effect on patient outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014; 25 (8): 1842–1848. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013070784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidt S, Haasnoot GW, Claas FHJ. How the definition of acceptable antigens and epitope analysis can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018; 23 (4): 493–499. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Israni AK, Salkowski N, Gustafson S, Snyder JJ, Friedewald JJ, Formica RN et al. New national allocation policy for deceased donor kidneys in the United States and possible effect on patient outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014; 25 (8): 1842–1848. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013070784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massie AB, Luo X, Lonze BE, Desai NM, Bingaman AW, Cooper M et al. Early changes in kidney distribution under the new allocation system. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016; 27 (8): 2495–2501. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015080934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Massie AB, Luo X, Lonze BE, Desai NM, Bingaman AW, Cooper M et al. Early changes in kidney distribution under the new allocation system. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016; 27 (8): 2495–2501. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015080934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massie AB, Luo X, Lonze BE, Desai NM, Bingaman AW, Cooper M et al. Early changes in kidney distribution under the new allocation system. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016; 27 (8): 2495–2501. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015080934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Massie AB, Luo X, Lonze BE, Desai NM, Bingaman AW, Cooper M et al. Early changes in kidney distribution under the new allocation system. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016; 27 (8): 2495–2501. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015080934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang CJ, Wetmore JB, Israni AK. Old versus new: Progress in reaching the goals of the new kidney allocation system. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78 (1): 9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang CJ, Wetmore JB, Israni AK. Old versus new: Progress in reaching the goals of the new kidney allocation system. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78 (1): 9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang CJ, Wetmore JB, Israni AK. Old versus new: Progress in reaching the goals of the new kidney allocation system. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78 (1): 9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang CJ, Wetmore JB, Israni AK. Old versus new: Progress in reaching the goals of the new kidney allocation system. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78 (1): 9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transpl.ru [Internet]. Professional Association: Russian public organization of transplantologists «Russian transplant society». National clinical guidelines: kidney transplantation. 2016. [In Russ] Available at: http://transpl.ru/files/rto/transpl_pochki.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transpl.ru [Internet]. Professional Association: Russian public organization of transplantologists «Russian transplant society». National clinical guidelines: kidney transplantation. 2016. [In Russ] Available at: http://transpl.ru/files/rto/transpl_pochki.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transpl.ru [Internet]. Professional Association: Russian public organization of transplantologists «Russian transplant society». National clinical guidelines: kidney transplantation. 2016. [In Russ] Available at: http://transpl.ru/files/rto/transpl_pochki.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transpl.ru [Internet]. Professional Association: Russian public organization of transplantologists «Russian transplant society». National clinical guidelines: kidney transplantation. 2016. [In Russ] Available at: http://transpl.ru/files/rto/transpl_pochki.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulte K, Klasen V, Vollmer C, Borzikowsky C, Kunzendorf U, Feldkamp T. Analysis of the eurotransplant kidney allocation algorithm: How should we balance utility and equity? Transplant Proc. 2018; 50 (10): 3010–3016. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.08.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulte K, Klasen V, Vollmer C, Borzikowsky C, Kunzendorf U, Feldkamp T. Analysis of the eurotransplant kidney allocation algorithm: How should we balance utility and equity? Transplant Proc. 2018; 50 (10): 3010–3016. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.08.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulte K, Klasen V, Vollmer C, Borzikowsky C, Kunzendorf U, Feldkamp T. Analysis of the eurotransplant kidney allocation algorithm: How should we balance utility and equity? Transplant Proc. 2018; 50 (10): 3010–3016. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.08.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulte K, Klasen V, Vollmer C, Borzikowsky C, Kunzendorf U, Feldkamp T. Analysis of the eurotransplant kidney allocation algorithm: How should we balance utility and equity? Transplant Proc. 2018; 50 (10): 3010–3016. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.08.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smits JM, van Houwelingen HC, De Meester J, Persijn GG, Claas FH. Analysis of the renal transplant waiting list: application of a parametric competing risk method. Transplantation. 1998; 15; 66 (9): 1146–1153. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199811150-00006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smits JM, van Houwelingen HC, De Meester J, Persijn GG, Claas FH. Analysis of the renal transplant waiting list: application of a parametric competing risk method. Transplantation. 1998; 15; 66 (9): 1146–1153. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199811150-00006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smits JM, van Houwelingen HC, De Meester J, Persijn GG, Claas FH. Analysis of the renal transplant waiting list: application of a parametric competing risk method. Transplantation. 1998; 15; 66 (9): 1146–1153. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199811150-00006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smits JM, van Houwelingen HC, De Meester J, Persijn GG, Claas FH. Analysis of the renal transplant waiting list: application of a parametric competing risk method. Transplantation. 1998; 15; 66 (9): 1146–1153. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199811150-00006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouaoun L, Villar E, Ecochard R, Couchoud C. Excess risk of death increases with time from first dialysis for patients on the waiting list: implications for renal allograft allocation policy. Nephron Clin Pract. 2013; 124 (1–2): 99–105. doi: 10.1159/000355549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouaoun L, Villar E, Ecochard R, Couchoud C. Excess risk of death increases with time from first dialysis for patients on the waiting list: implications for renal allograft allocation policy. Nephron Clin Pract. 2013; 124 (1–2): 99–105. doi: 10.1159/000355549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouaoun L, Villar E, Ecochard R, Couchoud C. Excess risk of death increases with time from first dialysis for patients on the waiting list: implications for renal allograft allocation policy. Nephron Clin Pract. 2013; 124 (1–2): 99–105. doi: 10.1159/000355549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouaoun L, Villar E, Ecochard R, Couchoud C. Excess risk of death increases with time from first dialysis for patients on the waiting list: implications for renal allograft allocation policy. Nephron Clin Pract. 2013; 124 (1–2): 99–105. doi: 10.1159/000355549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OPTN.transplant.hrsa.gov [Internet]. OPTN policies (last updated 10/01/2019). 2019. Available at: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1200/optn_policies.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OPTN.transplant.hrsa.gov [Internet]. OPTN policies (last updated 10/01/2019). 2019. Available at: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1200/optn_policies.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OPTN.transplant.hrsa.gov [Internet]. OPTN policies (last updated 10/01/2019). 2019. Available at: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1200/optn_policies.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OPTN.transplant.hrsa.gov [Internet]. OPTN policies (last updated 10/01/2019). 2019. Available at: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1200/optn_policies.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org [Internet]. The National Marrow Donor Program Database. Available at https://bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org [Internet]. The National Marrow Donor Program Database. Available at https://bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org [Internet]. The National Marrow Donor Program Database. Available at https://bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org [Internet]. The National Marrow Donor Program Database. Available at https://bioinformatics.bethematchclinical.org/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allelefrequencies.net [Internet]. The Allele Frequency Net Database. Available at http://www.allelefrequencies.net.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allelefrequencies.net [Internet]. The Allele Frequency Net Database. Available at http://www.allelefrequencies.net.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allelefrequencies.net [Internet]. The Allele Frequency Net Database. Available at http://www.allelefrequencies.net.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allelefrequencies.net [Internet]. The Allele Frequency Net Database. Available at http://www.allelefrequencies.net.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vranic GM, Ma JZ, Keith DS. The role of minority geographic distribution in waiting time for deceased donor kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2014; 14 (11): 2526–2534. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12860.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vranic GM, Ma JZ, Keith DS. The role of minority geographic distribution in waiting time for deceased donor kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2014; 14 (11): 2526–2534. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12860.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vranic GM, Ma JZ, Keith DS. The role of minority geographic distribution in waiting time for deceased donor kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2014; 14 (11): 2526–2534. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12860.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vranic GM, Ma JZ, Keith DS. The role of minority geographic distribution in waiting time for deceased donor kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2014; 14 (11): 2526–2534. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12860.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leffell MS, Cherikh WS, Land G, Zachary AA. Improved definition of human leukocyte antigen frequencies among minorities and applicability to estimates of transplant compatibility. Transplantation. 2007; 83 (7): 964–972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leffell MS, Cherikh WS, Land G, Zachary AA. Improved definition of human leukocyte antigen frequencies among minorities and applicability to estimates of transplant compatibility. Transplantation. 2007; 83 (7): 964–972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leffell MS, Cherikh WS, Land G, Zachary AA. Improved definition of human leukocyte antigen frequencies among minorities and applicability to estimates of transplant compatibility. Transplantation. 2007; 83 (7): 964–972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leffell MS, Cherikh WS, Land G, Zachary AA. Improved definition of human leukocyte antigen frequencies among minorities and applicability to estimates of transplant compatibility. Transplantation. 2007; 83 (7): 964–972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Favoino B, Frugis Caggianelli L, Mininni D, Nitti M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P et al. Rare phenotype and transplantability in cadaveric kidney transplant. Transplant Proc. 2004; 36 (3): 479–480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Favoino B, Frugis Caggianelli L, Mininni D, Nitti M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P et al. Rare phenotype and transplantability in cadaveric kidney transplant. Transplant Proc. 2004; 36 (3): 479–480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Favoino B, Frugis Caggianelli L, Mininni D, Nitti M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P et al. Rare phenotype and transplantability in cadaveric kidney transplant. Transplant Proc. 2004; 36 (3): 479–480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Favoino B, Frugis Caggianelli L, Mininni D, Nitti M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P et al. Rare phenotype and transplantability in cadaveric kidney transplant. Transplant Proc. 2004; 36 (3): 479–480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piazza A, Ozzella G, Poggi E, Caputo D, Manfreda A, Adorno D. Virtual crossmatch in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2014; 46 (7): 2195–2198. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piazza A, Ozzella G, Poggi E, Caputo D, Manfreda A, Adorno D. Virtual crossmatch in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2014; 46 (7): 2195–2198. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piazza A, Ozzella G, Poggi E, Caputo D, Manfreda A, Adorno D. Virtual crossmatch in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2014; 46 (7): 2195–2198. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piazza A, Ozzella G, Poggi E, Caputo D, Manfreda A, Adorno D. Virtual crossmatch in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2014; 46 (7): 2195–2198. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson AM. The Virtual Crossmatch: An Essential Tool for Transplanting Sensitized Patients. Clin Transpl. 2014: 131–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson AM. The Virtual Crossmatch: An Essential Tool for Transplanting Sensitized Patients. Clin Transpl. 2014: 131–136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson AM. The Virtual Crossmatch: An Essential Tool for Transplanting Sensitized Patients. Clin Transpl. 2014: 131–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson AM. The Virtual Crossmatch: An Essential Tool for Transplanting Sensitized Patients. Clin Transpl. 2014: 131–136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duquesnoy RJ. Are we ready for epitope-based HLA matching in clinical organ transplantation? Transplantation. 2017; 101 (8): 1755–1765. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duquesnoy RJ. Are we ready for epitope-based HLA matching in clinical organ transplantation? Transplantation. 2017; 101 (8): 1755–1765. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duquesnoy RJ. Are we ready for epitope-based HLA matching in clinical organ transplantation? Transplantation. 2017; 101 (8): 1755–1765. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duquesnoy RJ. Are we ready for epitope-based HLA matching in clinical organ transplantation? Transplantation. 2017; 101 (8): 1755–1765. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claas FH, Witvliet MD, Duquesnoy RJ, Persijn GG, Doxiadis II. The acceptable mismatch program as a fast tool for highly sensitized patients awaiting a cadaveric kidney transplantation: short waiting time and excellent graft outcome. Transplantation. 2004; 27; 78 (2): 190– 193. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000129260.86766.67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claas FH, Witvliet MD, Duquesnoy RJ, Persijn GG, Doxiadis II. The acceptable mismatch program as a fast tool for highly sensitized patients awaiting a cadaveric kidney transplantation: short waiting time and excellent graft outcome. Transplantation. 2004; 27; 78 (2): 190– 193. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000129260.86766.67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claas FH, Witvliet MD, Duquesnoy RJ, Persijn GG, Doxiadis II. The acceptable mismatch program as a fast tool for highly sensitized patients awaiting a cadaveric kidney transplantation: short waiting time and excellent graft outcome. Transplantation. 2004; 27; 78 (2): 190– 193. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000129260.86766.67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claas FH, Witvliet MD, Duquesnoy RJ, Persijn GG, Doxiadis II. The acceptable mismatch program as a fast tool for highly sensitized patients awaiting a cadaveric kidney transplantation: short waiting time and excellent graft outcome. Transplantation. 2004; 27; 78 (2): 190– 193. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000129260.86766.67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidt S, Haasnoot GW, Claas FHJ. How the definition of acceptable antigens and epitope analysis can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018; 23 (4): 493–499. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidt S, Haasnoot GW, Claas FHJ. How the definition of acceptable antigens and epitope analysis can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018; 23 (4): 493–499. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidt S, Haasnoot GW, Claas FHJ. How the definition of acceptable antigens and epitope analysis can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018; 23 (4): 493–499. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidt S, Haasnoot GW, Claas FHJ. How the definition of acceptable antigens and epitope analysis can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018; 23 (4): 493–499. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidt S, Haasnoot GW, Claas FHJ. How the definition of acceptable antigens and epitope analysis can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018; 23 (4): 493–499. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidt S, Haasnoot GW, Claas FHJ. How the definition of acceptable antigens and epitope analysis can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018; 23 (4): 493–499. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
